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Commonly referred to as sponges, they are one of the oldest known animal fossils, dating from the Late Precambrian (480 million years ago).
Porifera are essential to the environment as a unique form of a feeding system among aquatic animals, such as sea slugs; various species of fish; and hawksbill turtles.

Characteristics of Porifera
- Does not have mouths; instead have tiny pores in their outer walls, where water is drawn from
- Cells in the sponge walls filter nutrients from the water and are pumped through the outer pores around the organism to provide the animals
- Flow of the water through the organisms is unidirectional, using the series of canals provided by flagella
- Has defense mechanisms, such as spicules, which are hard skeletal elements
- The structure of the organism is asymmetrical

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They have spicules (tiny needle-like structures that support the body's form) of silica dioxide and/or spongin. Demosponges are the sponges most commonly seen whilst diving or walking along the shore.

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Calcareous sponges are the only sponges that possess spicules composed of calcium carbonate and often found in shallow levels of waters

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Found in deep water, the skeleton of the glass sponge, together with various chemicals, provides defense against many predators.

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- Aquatic animals
-  Cnidocytes
- Stinging cells
- One opening for ingestion, excretion and respiration
- Exist in two different forms
- Medusa/free swimming
- polyp
- Ability to reproduce asexually and sexually

Examples:
- Physalia physalis ( Portugese man o' war)
- Sea anemone
- Box Jellyfish

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- Platyhelminthes also known as flatworms, are bilaterally symmetrical triploblastic, also they only have a gut inside their body, no other type of of body part or organ exist. they are only a body.
- the flatworm works with diffusion to have its flat look
- their gut and body is also able to move the food all around their body as well
- flatworms are found in oceans, fresh water, and terrestrial habitats
- have complex life cycles specialized for parasitism in animal tissues
- Platyhelminthes have no fossil record but tend to leave traces of may leave pits or thin spots on the inside of the shell, and these pits may be recognized on fossil shells

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Angiospermophytas are vascular plants with stems, roots, and leaves, making up the majority of all plants on earth.

Characteristics of angiospermophytas
- Has vascularization, which is the process of growing blood vessels into the tissue to improve oxygen and nutrient supply.

- Have leaves, roots, and stems
- Reproduce by seeds produced in ovules within flowers
- The pollen grains transfer from the anther to the stigma, and reproduction takes place by pollination. They are responsible for the transfer of genetic information from one flower to the other. The pollen grains are much smaller than the gametophytes or reproductive cells present in the non-flowering plants.
- The stamens (microsporophyll) and the carpels (megasporophyll) are organized into a structure called the flower.
- Some angiospermophytas have thorns to defend themselves.