# data[].attributes.headline
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Colombia (1972)

# data[].attributes.subject
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Colombia (1972)

# data[].attributes.body
P.A.R.C (Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children) v Pennsylvania laid out the framework for what is now known as IDEA(History of special education: Important landmark cases 2022). Mills v Board of Education of District of Colombia added to the P.A.R.C v Pennsylvania case. Mills wanted to expand the ruling to include those with "behavioral, mental, hyperactive and emotional disabilities.(History of special education: Important landmark cases 2022)" The school district said they could not provide an education for these students because the lack of funding(History of special education: Important landmark cases 2022). The court ruled in Mills favor. School districts were to provide an education to all students and if they did not have sufficient funds then there were to use the available funds equally so that no child is excluded from a public education (History of special education: Important landmark cases 2022).

Mills v Board of Education of the District of Colombia has given students with disabilities that are not physical the chance to be successful in the school setting. This case has allowed these students to be protected and receive their free public education. This case shows that all students with disabilities are protected under Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA).

Landmark Cases

# data[].attributes.headline
Individuals with Disabilities Act (1975) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Individuals with Disabilities Act (1975) 

# data[].attributes.body
IDEA was formally known as Education for all Handicapped Children Act (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)| Special Education Law Essentials, 2021). There are four main concepts in IDEA which include: Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), Individualized Education Plan (IEP), and Parents as Equal Participants(Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)| Special Education Law Essentials, 2021). IDEA is a federal law but each state can have their own special education laws. State laws for special education cannot provide less or contradict Federal special education laws (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)| Special Education Law Essentials, 2021). IDEA makes it possible for students with disabilities to receive a free public education so that they can be successful in their futures(Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)| Special Education Law Essentials, 2021).

IDEA provides guidelines for teachers, parents, and students for their right in education. IDEA supports students with disabilities by giving the framework for the students to be as successful as they can be. It lets people know what is to be expected and is a starting point for advocating for someone with disabilities.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)| Special Education Law Essentials

# data[].attributes.body
John Doe was expelled from his school because he engaged in inappropriate behavior (Steketee, 2022). The San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) expelled him for 5 days pending the expulsion review process (Steketee, 2022). Doe was then told that he would be suspended until the review process was completed (Steketee, 2022). Doe sued the superintended (Honig) saying that he was violating the "stay-put" provision under IDEA (Steketee, 2022). The court ruled in Doe's favor saying that he is to stay in his current educational placement until the review process is complete (Steketee, 2022). Honig v Doe created what is now known as the "ten-day rule. (History of special education: Important landmark cases 2022)" A student with a disability can only be suspended "for up to 10 days without parental consent or court intervention (History of special education: Important landmark cases 2022)." The court also stated that a student could not be removed for "inappropriate behaviors if the behavior is a result of the disability(History of special education: Important landmark cases 2022)."

Honig V Doe supports students by keeping them in their current placements. This allows for teachers, administrators, and parents to look into the behavior to verify if the behavior is because of the disability or not. This allows for students to continue to learn how to cope with the emotions so that they don't engage in inappropriate behaviors. This case allows students with disabilities to learn from their mistakes and grow as a person.

Honig v. Doe
Landmark cases

# data[].attributes.headline
Timothy v. Rochester, New Hampshire, School District (1989)

# data[].attributes.subject
Timothy v. Rochester, New Hampshire, School District (1989)

# data[].attributes.body
Timothy W. had multiple disabilities and was labeled as severe and profound (Steketee, 2022). The family had sued the Rochester, New Hampshire School district because they refused to provide Timothy an education (Steketee, 2022). After Timothy's pediatrician said that he responded to various sounds and other stimuli and would benefit from an education with an IEP, the school district still refused to provide and education (Steketee, 2022). The school district argued that Timothy was considered too severe and profound to benefit from an education(Steketee, 2022). The court ruled in Timothy's favor. The court said that Timothy was protected by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Steketee, 2022). The school district was to provide an education to Timothy and all other students no matter the severity of the disability by implementing a zero-reject policy (Steketee, 2022).

This case has helped support students with disabilities by allowing all students no matter the disability to have a free public education. It has helped people see that routine and consistence are key. Students with severe disabilities are capable of learning and this case proves they are.

Timothy W. v Rochester, New Hampshire, School District

# data[].attributes.body
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 provided equality and support for the physically and mentally impaired(Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 2013). The main goal was to make public and private places usable and accessible for the disabled(Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 2013). The ADA had 5 main components which included: Accessibility and safety, Accessible Routes, Signage, Doorway Dimensions, and Telecommunications (Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990,2013).

ADA has given those with disability a chance to be apart of the community. It has shown support by providing accommodations so that they can participate. ADA has shown that just because someone has a disability doesn't mean they can't participate in the community by going to parks, churches, the workplace, schools, etc.