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6A verb + object + infinitive or gerund | English File | Oxford University Press

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Verb + object + to + infinitive

After certain verbs

We can use the following verbs + object + to + infinitive: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, convince, enable, encourage, expect, force, get (see get uses), help, intend, invite, mean, order, persuade, recommend, remind, take (time), teach, tell, warn. (See table with examples below)

Want, need, would like, would hate, would prefer

We can also use want, need, would like, would hate, would prefer + object + to + infinitive.

Verbs also used in other ways

Advise, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn

We can also use advise, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn + object + (that) clause.

We can also use recommend + that clause (without object).

Advise, allow, recommend

We can use advise, allow, recommend + object + to + infinitive. But if they are followed by the verb (without the object), this verb must take the -ing form.

Verb + for someone + to + infinitive

Arrange, ask, plan, wait

We say arrange, ask, plan or wait + for someone + to + infinitive.

Adjectives

We can use certain adjectives + for someone + to + infinitive.

It would be nice for you to be there on the day of the rehearsal.

We can use certain nouns such as advantage, disadvantage, demand, disaster, idea, mistake, etc. + for someone + to + infinitive.

We can also use too or enough + for someone + to infinitive.

Infinitive of purpose

We can also use the same structure after an infinitive of purpose.

Verb + object + infinitive without to

Let, make, help

We can use the verbs let, make, and help followed by object + infinitive without to.

Be made to do

We say make + someone + infinitive (without to), but we say someone + be made + to + infinitive.

Hear, listen, notice, see

We can use hear, listen, notice, see + object + infinitive without to to talk about a short or complete action (see B1+ verb patterns):

But we use hear, listen, notice, see, watch + object + -ing to talk about an action in progress; an action that is longer and incomplete.

Verb + object + gerund

In this kind of construction, the object of the main verb is the subject of the verb in the gerund form. The following verbs can be used before object + gerund: dislike, hate, imagine, involve, keep, mind, prevent, not like, remember, resent, risk, stop (See table with examples below)

Tables with example sentences

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Verb + object + infinitive/gerund - verb patterns - Test-English

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Verb + object + infinitive / gerund. English advanced grammar practice. Multiple-choice and gap-filling exercises to review verb patterns.

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English grammar practice exercise, upper-intermediate level.

This is a vocabulary-building exercise for hyphenated compound words. A compound word is a combination of two (or more) words that function as a single word.

Exercise instructions

Fill in each gap with a compound word formed from the word given in brackets at the end of each sentence. (Don't forget that each of these compound words needs a hyphen.)

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English grammar practice exercise, upper-intermediate level. This is a vocabulary-building exercise for hyphenated compound words. A compound word is a combination of two (or more) words that function as a single word. Fill in each gap with a compound word formed from the word given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

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Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

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6B conditional sentences | English File | Oxford University Press

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Students >English File >Advanced third edition >Grammar >File 6 >6B conditional sentences

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Zero, first, second, third and mixed conditionals

You can see a full explanation of type 0, type 1, type 2 and type 3 conditional with examples.

Mixed conditionals

We use mixed conditionals if we want to mix talking about the present and the past in the same sentence. The mixed conditional is a combination of the second and the third conditional:

➪ We can use past simple or continuous in the if-clause (to refer to the present or future), and would/ should/ might have + past participle in the main clause (to refer to the past).

➪ We can also use past perfect in the if-clause (to refer to the past), and would/ should/ might + infinitive (to refer to the present).

Alternatives to if in conditional sentences

As long as / provided (that) / providing (that) / on condition (that) / only if

We can use the expressions as long as, provided/providing (that), on condition (that), or only if instead of if when we want to emphasize the condition that needs to be present so that something can happen or be done.

Whether or not

We use whether or not when there are two alternatives and we want to say that something will happen or will be true in any of those two alternatives. Compare:

Even if

We also use even if with a similar meaning to 'whether or not'. It is used to emphasize that something will still be true or will happen if another thing happens.

Suppose/supposing

We normally use suppose or supposing at the beginning of a sentence to make someone imagine a situation. It means 'what would happen if', or simply 'if' (imagining a situation).

Inversion in conditional sentences

Should you find

In first conditional sentences it's possible to use should at the beginning of the sentence instead of if. This form is formal and it's quite common with an imperative form in the main clause.

Had we arrived

In third conditional sentences, we can invert the auxiliary verb had and leave if out. Had we arrived = If we had arrived.

Had they looked further into the data, they might have realised there was a mistake.

Were we to announce

We can also find cases of inversion with this structure: were + subject + to. + infinitive. It is used to talk about f uture improbable events (like the second conditional).

Were we to announce the truth, we would receive a lot of criticism. (=If we announced ...)

Were they to buy a new house, they would need to sell the old one first. (=If they bought ...)

Negative forms: should I not, had we not, were we not

When should, had or were are negative, contracted forms are not possible, and not is used after the subject.

Should you not wish to retake the test, you must let us know before the end of June. (NOT Shouldn't you wish)

Had you not refused my invitation, we would have had the most incredible time in our lives. (NOT Hadn't you refused)

Were you not my brother, I would call the police. (NOT Weren't you)

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All conditionals - mixed conditionals, alternatives to 'if', inversion - Test-English

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We use zero and first conditionals to talk about possible situations, and we use the second and third conditional for hypothetical situations. Mixed conditionals are a combination of second and third conditional. Check our complete grammar explanation and do our three online exercises. B1-B2 English grammar online.

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Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

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Phones and technology | English File | Oxford University Press

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Students >English File >Advanced third edition >Vocabulary >Phones and technology

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Adjective and Preposition - English Grammar | English4u

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Adjectives with Prepositions, English grammar explanation with free online exercises

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7A  permission, obligation, and necessity

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7A  permission, obligation, and necessity

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word order in questions be and present simple learn english

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7A permission, obligation, and necessity | English File | Oxford University Press

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Students >English File >Advanced third edition >Grammar >File 7 >7A permission, obligation, and necessity

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This class explains how you talk about permission, rules, necessity and advice in advanced English. To do this we need to explain the differences between must, have to, ough to and should etc.
Had better: OBLIGATION
Had better is a very strong form of expressing necesity or advice. It almost always implies serious consequences if something is done or not done in the immediate future. The negative version of his phrase is 'you had better not.'

You'd better clean up the mess before mum gets back.
Should have - Ought to have: OBLIGATION/NECESSITY
We use should have / ought to have to talk about something that should have been done but wasn't. This is good for talking about regrets or things that weren't done correctly.

You should have paid more attention to your girlfriend.
Have to: OBLIGATION
This is a verb that we use to express obligation. The most common type of obligation it brefers to are those that come from some external rule maker.

You have to get a high score to enter Oxford university. (This is an obligation set by the university.)
Must versus Have: OBLIGATION
'Must' is usually synonymous with 'have' because they both express obligation. The difference is, however, that we tend to use 'must' when it is an obligation established internally - by ourselves.

For example, if you suddenely rememeber that you need to send an e-mail to your aunt to thank her for the christmas present - it's 'must.'

However, if your parents are forcing you and obliging you to write to her (therefore making it an external obligation) you use 'have to'.

I can't go out, Joe, because I have to write an email to my aunt.
Don't have to: OBLIGATION (absence of)
If there is absoloutely no obligation to do something or to not do something...you use 'don't have to'. For example, if we've already bought Fred a birthday present amongst all his colleagues - you don't have to buy him one.

You don't have to take your shoes off when you enter a church. It's not a mosque.
Mustn't: PROHIBITION - OBLIGATION
When someone tells you that you mustn't do something, it's a very strong way of saying that you are absoloutely prohibited from doing it.

You mustn't serve him nuts because he'll have an alletgic reaction.
May: PERMISSION
Most of us know that 'may' is a modal verb that is synonymous with 'might'. However, it's also has another use: as a polite way of asking if simebody will allow you to do something.
Can: PERMISION/ OBLIGATION /PROHIBITION
Can is, of course, the most common form of asking permission. When I was a child, however, we were always taught that 'may' was what a gentleman uses when asking permision. It is also used to deny permision.

Can I use the bathroom please.

You can't use the bathroom - it's for customers only.

Need & Don't need to
'Need' is a verb that we use to talk about necessity, therefore it exists in a grey area between permision and obligation.

Necessity: you need to add water to the sauce to make it thinner.

Obligation: you need to get a licence to carry a gun.

Needn't: (ABSENCE of NECESSITY)
If something is not necessary then you can use 'needn't'. The curious thing about this phrase is that it removes the infinitive 'to' from the resulting verb.

You needn't wash the dishes...I have a washing machine.
Needn't have: (ABSENCE of NECESSITY in the past but you did it anyway)
Sometimes you discover that you did something but - despite the fact you did it - it wasn't necessary. In this case you can use 'needn't have' + participle. However...remember that to use this you must have done the thing.

We needn't have bought a ticket because Mum had already bought us one.

If you are talking about something that simply was not necessary in the past (and you didn't do it) then you can use 'didn't need to'.

We didn't need to buy wine because it was free.

Imagine in the above example that you had bought the wine despite it being free - then you could use 'needn't have.'

Vocabulary of permision and obligation
Here we have additional phrases and vocabulary that we use to talk about permision and obligations.
To not be able - This is used in the future to talk about things that will or won't be prohibited in the future.

You won't be able to bring your dog on the train starting next week.

New doctors are not allowed to do surgeries without supervision.
To be permitted to - Formal.

New recruits are not permitted to look senior officers in the eye.
To be supposed to /To be meant to - This is used for obligation - especially when talking about something you were supposed to do but didn't.

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7a: Advanced English Grammar - differences between must, have to, ought to, should, need & needn't have

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This class explains how you talk about permission, rules, necessity and advice in advanced English. To do this we need to explain the differences between must, have to, ough to and should etc. Had better: OBLIGATION Had better is a very strong form of expressing necesity or advice.

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Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

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Prefixes | English File | Oxford University Press

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Students >English File >Advanced third edition >Vocabulary >Prefixes

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Wordwall - Cree mejores lecciones de forma más rápida

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Ordenar por grupo - Arrastra y suelta cada elemento en su grupo correcto.

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7B verbs of the senses | English File | Oxford University Press

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Students >English File >Advanced third edition >Grammar >File 7 >7B verbs of the senses

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Stative or dynamic uses of sense verbs

Stative uses of feel, hear, see, smell, taste

When we use the verbs feel, hear, see, smell, or taste to talk about the impressions that we receive through our five senses (touch, hearing, sight, smell, taste), they are all non-action verbs and cannot be used in progressive forms.

Can/can't (feel, hear, see, smell, taste)

We normally use can or can't with these verbs (and NOT present continuous) to talk about something that is happening at the moment.

Look and sound are also stative (or non-action) verbs when they mean 'seem' or 'appear'.

Dynamic uses of feel, hear, look, see, smell, taste

The verbs feel, look, smell, and taste can be used in continuous forms when they are voluntary actions.

We can also use feel in progressive tenses to talk about how we feel physically or emotionally.

The verbs see and hear can also be used as action verbs with different meanings.

Sense verbs + infinitive or gerund?

After feel, hear, listen, notice, see, watch we can use a gerund to express an incomplete action, an action in progress, or a repeated action:

After feel, hear, listen, notice, see, watch we can use an infinitive to talk about an action we heard or saw from beginning to end; usually a short action, and not a repeated action.

Sense verbs + adjective, noun or clause (linking verbs)

Look, smell, taste, sound, feel + adjective

We can use feel, smell, taste, sound, and feel before an adjective to talk about how something feels, tastes, etc.

Look, smell, taste, sound, feel + like + noun

We can also use feel, smell, taste, sound, and feel + like before a noun.

Note that we say smell/taste of to talk about the smell or flavour are of the real thing and we say smell/taste like when it's a smell or flavour similar to the real thing. Compare:

Look, smell, taste, sound, feel + as if/as though + clause

Note that in informal English we often use feel, smell, taste, sound, and feel + like + clause.

Seem + adjective, seem like + noun, seem as if/though + clause

Note that in informal English we also use like before a clause.

Seem, appear + to + infinitive

After seem and appear we often use to + infinitive (present events), or a to + have + past participle (past events).

It seems/appears + that + clause

We can also use It seems/appears + that clause.

When we use seem and look as non-action verbs, there is some difference in meaning.

Sometimes we can use one verb but not the other and vice versa.

Sense verbs, followed by adjective or adverb?

When the verbs of senses are used as non-action verbs, they are copular verbs, and copular verbs (like be) are followed by adjectives, and not by adverbs.

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Verbs of the senses. Dynamic and stative uses. Hear, see, smell, feel, taste, look, sound. Infinitive or gerund after sense verbs. Like, as if, as though.

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Choose the correct color idiom from the table to fill the space in each sentence. You may need to make some changes to the idioms to put them in the sentences correctly.

see red
green with envy
rose colored spectacles
tickled pink
black sheep of the family
caught red handed
blue-eyed boy

browned off
out of the blue
in the red
the green light
have green fingers
black market
white lie

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Advanced Vocabulary | Color Idioms | esl-lounge Student

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Choose the correct color idiom from the table to fill the space in each sentence. You may need to make some changes to the idioms to put them in the sentences correctly.