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1. Acetylcholine (ACH)
2. Norepinephrine (NE)
3. Epinephrine (EPI)
4. Dopamine (DA)

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Acetylcholine (ACH)

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At ganglia and post-ganglionic nerve endings

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1. Muscarinic- located on cardiac and smooth muscle and glands.
2. Nicotinic 1 (Nn)- located at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves.
3. Nicotinic 2 (Nm)- located at neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle.

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- Heart: decreased heart rate and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility
- Intestine: GI motility, and secretions increase
- Pupil of Eye: constriction (miosis)
- Respiratory Passages: bronchoconstriction
- Urinary Bladder: contraction
- Urinary Sphincter: relaxation

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Drug Classifications + which receptors and actions

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Drug Classifications + which receptors and actions

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Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics:
- Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: muscarinic receptors, mimics ACH.
- Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: nicotinic 2 (Nm) receptors, inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics: cholinergic receptors, blocking drug/competitive antagonism

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Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics:
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists-
- acetylcholine
- pilocarpine (Pilocar ®)
-bethanechol (Urecholine ®)
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists:
- neostigmine (Prostigmin ®)
Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics
- atropine
-dicyclomine (Bentyl ®)
- ipratropium bromide (Atrovent ®)

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1. Acetylcholine (ACH): at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings
2. Norepinephrine (NE): at postsynaptic nerve endings
3. Epinephrine (EPI): released by adrenal medulla
4. Dopamine (DA): released from brain

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1. Alpha 1: glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries and veins.
2. Alpha 2: adrenergic nerve endings
3. Beta 1: heart
4. Beta 2: smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

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- Adrenal Medulla: release of NE
- Arteries: vasoconstriction (except coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle, which are dilated)
- Heart: increased HR, AV conduction, and contractility
- Intestines: decreased GI motility and secretions
- Pupil of Eye: dilation (mydriasis)
- Respiratory Passages: bronchodilation
- Urinary Bladder: relaxation
- Urinary Sphincter: contraction

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Drug Classifications + which receptors and actions:

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Drug Classifications + which receptors and actions:

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- Alpha 1 Adrenergic Agonists: alpha 1 receptor, contraction of smooth muscle blood vessels constrict, increased BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages.
- Adrenergic Agonists: alpha and beta receptors, vasoconstriction, increased BP.
- Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking: alpha 1 receptors blocked, relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation, decreased BP.
Beta Adrenergic Agonists-
- Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonists: low dose- dopaminergic receptors in kidneys, vasodilation and increased renal blood flow. moderate dose- beta 1 receptors in heart, increased force of contraction and cardiac output. high dose- alpha 1 receptors, vasoconstriction, increased BP.
- Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists: beta 2 receptors, relaxation of smooth muscle of lungs causing bronchodilation, relaxation of smooth muscle of uterus.
Beta Adrenergic Blockers-
- Selective Beta 1 Blockers: beta 1 receptor blocked, decreased force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, conduction, and BP.
- Non-Selective Beta Blockers: beta 1 and beta 2 receptors blocked, decreased force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, conduction, and BP.

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Alpha 1 Adrenergic Agonists-
- ephedrine
- phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine ®)
Adrenergic Agonists-
- epinephrine (Adrenaline ®)
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers-
- prazosin (Minipress ®)
- terazosin (Hytrin ®)
- doxazosin (Cardura ®)
Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonists-
- dobutamine (Dobutamine ®)
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists-
- albuterol (Proventil ®, Ventolin ®)
- terbutaline (Bretnine ®)
- formoterol (Foradil ®)
- salmeterol (Servant ®)
Selective Beta 1 Blockers-
- atenolol (Tenormin ®)
- metoprolol (Lopressor ®)
Non-Selective Beta Blockers-
- nadolol (Corgard ®)
- propanolol (Inderal ®)
- timolol (Blocadren ®)

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- Unit 2 ANS lecture part 1
- Unit 2 ANS lecture part 2
- Pharmacology Textbook "Pharmacology: An Introduction With Additional Material" -Hitner Chapters 5-7