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Multiple Intelligences (Explained for Beginners in 4 Minutes)

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Is Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory simply a myth?

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"A neuromyth is a commonly accepted but unscientific claim about brain function. Many researchers have claimed Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences (MI) theory is a neuromyth because they have seen no evidence supporting his proposal for independent brain-based intelligences for different types of cognitive abilities." (Waterhouse, 2023)

3 Reasons to Critique Gardner's MIT:

1. What is the standard measure of intelligence?

"At present there are no standard measures of the intelligences, thus individual researchers have to create their own measures for the intelligences. Unfortunately, without standard measures, MI study findings cannot be compared to one another. Also, the lack of standard measures means that no synthesis of MI research findings can be built." (Waterhouse, 2023)

2. Are Intelligences independent of one another?

"Importantly, the independence of the intelligences is crucial for MI theory, because if the intelligences are intercorrelated they do not exist as theorized. But only a few studies have explored the independence of the intelligences, and these studies were not based on shared standard measures of the intelligences." (Waterhouse, 2023)

3. Where is the evidence to support the incorporation of Multiple Intelligences into teaching strategies?

"Educators have continued to use MI teaching methods because they believe that there are separate brain-based intelligences that vary in strength for each individual (Attwood, 2020; Mavrelos and Daradoumis, 2020). These beliefs support the idea that teaching to a student’s stronger intelligences will be more effective." (Waterhouse, 2023)

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intelligence cannot be measured by an IQ value, but instead is composed of seven different strands that work independently to collectively create an individual's intellectual capacity in various forms." (Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.55)

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Gardner's advice to teachers: "Teach the individual as much as possible according to the individual's preferred learning methods and teach important material in different ways to adjust to learning styles." (Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.57)

Educators can apply this advice to their practice today by differentiating instruction by changing the process, product, or content for their students. Good instruction is delivered when teachers meet the needs of their students. Teachers need to evaluate the human characteristics that students display through their intelligences and capitalize on the different strengths their students bring to the classroom. Not everyone is the same, so not everyone will learn the same way.

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howard gardner multiple intelligences theory

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The 7 Principal Dimensions of Intelligence

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The 7 Principal Dimensions of Intelligence

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1. Linguistic- "Word Smart"

2. Logical-Mathematical- "Number/Reasoning Smart"

3. Musical- "Music Smart"

4. Spatial- "Picture Smart"

5. Bodily-Kinesthetic- "Body Smart"

6. Intrapersonal- "Self-Smart"

7. Interpersonal- "People Smart"

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.55-56) (Marenus, 2024)

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"Writers, Poets, Journalists: The ability to understand words and how they are combined to produce useful language."

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.55)

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"Number/Reasoning Smart" (Marenus, 2024) 

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"Scientists, Mathematicians, Engineers, and Architects: The ability to see patterns, order, and relationships in seemingly unrelated events in the world around us and to engage in logical chains of reasoning."

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.55)

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"Musicians, Composers, Singers, and Rap Artists: The ability to discern pitch, melody, tone, rhythm, and other qualities of musical symbolism and integrate them into intellectual activity such as reasoning."

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.56)

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"Architects, Artists, Sculptors, Photographers/Cinematographers, and Navigators: The ability to accurately perceive and think in terms of the visual qualities of the world and its dimensions, and to manipulate and transform them in creative ways."

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.56)

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"Dancers, Figure Skaters, and Athletes: The ability to control bodily motions, the capacity to handle objects skillfully, and the skill to combine these into a language with which individuals may express themselves."

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.56)

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"Novelists, Playwrights, Cinema Auteurs: The ability to access and understand the inner-self: feelings, reactions, aspirations."

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.56)

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"Martin Luther King Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Mohandas Gandhi: The ability to notice and make distinctions among other individuals and, in particular, among their moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions. For example, by influencing a group of disparate individuals to behave along desired lines."

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.56)

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Gardner (2012) suggests that in the future, NEW intelligences may develop

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Gardner (2012) suggests that in the future, NEW intelligences may develop

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1. Spiritual

2. Sexual

3. Attention

4. Digital

(Owens & Valesky, 2021, p.56)

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Do:

1. Give students opportunities to choose different ways of obtaining information-This will keep them engaged!

2. Differentiate your lessons-Consider student needs and interests

3. Include music and art- let students express their learning and communicate in different ways

(Terada, 2018)

Don’t:

1. Assume students favor a certain type of intelligence- this limits their creativity and prohibits growth in other areas

2. Misinterpret the various dimensions of intelligence with a student's learning style-How students gather information is not necessarily the same way they process and apply the knowledge

3. Cater lessons to student learning styles- Students may prefer to learn a certain way, but that doesn't mean that way is the most effective way for the students to learn

(Terada, 2018)