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Hi and assalamualaikum, my name is Haziqah binti Ramli, my student ID is 2023670634. I am from LG2432C students in UiTM Shah Alam.

This padlet was created for our pair work assessment for subject EIC453 (Global Englishes).

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England is the dominant constituent entity of the United Kingdom, comprising over fifty percent of the island of Great Britain. England is bounded to the north by Scotland, to the west by the Irish Sea, Wales, and the Atlantic Ocean, south by the English Channel, and east by the North Sea. (Thomas & Kellner, 2024)

Clark (2024) stated that the population of the United Kingdom in 2022 is expected to be over 67.6 million, with nearly 9.38 million of them residing in South East England.

He also mentioned that, in 2022, there are expected to be approximately 3.99 million people aged 30 to 34 who reside in England, the highest of any age group. The next largest age group was those aged 50 to 54, with 3.87 million persons, while the smallest age group was those aged 90 and up.

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Rhotic

In American English pronounces the "r" sound as a retroflex approximant, whereas British English pronounces it as a non-rhotic sound.

Based on the sentences that the interviewee said, the word “character” is a rhotic word.

The /r/ sound in the word is pronounced clearly compared to non-rhotic accents where the "r" sound is frequently missed before consonants or at the end of words. (Carley & Mees, 2021)

As a result, the word "character" would be rhotic in American English if the "r" had been spoken.

Vowel Reduction

Short vowel and long vowel are included in phonemic variation. According to Fourakis (1991), it is believed that phonetic vowel reduction affects all vowels and is brought on by rapid speech rates, context, and relaxation.

For example based on the sentence, in American English dreams is pronounced as /drim/ while in British English, dreams is pronounced as /dri:mz/.

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Speakers are required to give a simple introduction of themselves and speaking these quotes below using their own language :

"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."

"A poem is the very image of life expressed in its eternal truth."

"Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined."

"If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman."

"That’s one small step for a man, a giant leap for mankind."

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Hi! Assalamualaikum. I am Syahirah Binti Kamarudin, student ID 2023218074, currently on my second semester of English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam. To be honest, getting to know about different cultures is my cup of tea!

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a) Video recording of Southern American English Speaker

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a) Video recording of Southern American English Speaker

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Name: Leah Belvins
Age: 28
Occupation: Student

She is currently studying in Languages and International Relations with Spanish and Japanese. Her second major is political science.

As a job, she also an English Teacher for foreigners. She teaches English as a Second Language (ESL).

She is from Kentucky, United States of America.

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The Usage of "will" and "would"

1. In British English, modals like "will" and "would" are used in a predictive sense. (Faruquzzaman Akan, 2019).

2. To illustrate, in the voice recording, the phrase "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."

3. Based on the sentence, we may predict that the four little children will live peacefully in a country without having to worry about their skin color, if only they maintained a good attitude.

4. This shows that the usage of "will" makes readers foretell something that might happen in the future.

"Going to" and "gonna"

1. Other example is the function of "going to" and "gonna". According to Faruquzzaman Akan (2019), British English employs be + 'going to' in informal spoken language, but American English uses the shortened form 'gonna' (/gɒnə/) to indicate the future.

2. For example, British English - "Is she going to come to class?"

American English - " Is she gonna come to class?"

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b) Audio recording of British English speaker

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b) Audio recording of British English speaker

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Name : Dilawar Noor Karji

Age : 24 years old

• He is currently a Teaching English as Second Language (TESL) student in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).

• He was born in the United Kingdom, his father is from Pakistan and his mother is from Japan. They are now living in Essex, England.

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The history of British English language. 

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The history of British English language. 

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The usage of informal terms

Americans prefer to use the more informal words "will" or "should," but British people are more likely to use formal terms like "shall." (British Council Foundation Indonesia, n.d)

Present perfect

The present perfect is frequently substituted with the past simple in American English. For instance, they usually use "I just ate" instead of "I've just eaten".  (Enago, 2023)

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INTONATION

1. The British English speaker uses a fall to rise intonation pattern in his communication. To illustrate, it can be heard in the audio recording when he said the phrase “ if you want something said, ask a man, if you want something done, ask a woman. The highlighted ones were the point where he’s raising his intonation.

2. Then, in the IPA Transcription, it would be "ɪf juː wɒnt ˈsʌmθɪŋ sɛd, ɑːsk ə mæn; ɪf juː wɒnt ˈsʌmθɪŋ dʌn, ɑːsk ə ˈwʊmən."

3. The English are (maybe wrongly) known for their reserved delivery, nuance, and possibly sarcasm. This pattern informs the listener that there is something beyond the words being stated, similar to saying "but" without saying "but." (Hudson, 2016)

STRESS PATTERN

1. The pitch changes depending on which syllable comes before or after it. The pitch of a stressed syllable is often higher. (Word Stress, n.d.).

2. Based on the audio recording, there are parts of his speaking in which they were stressed. For instance, the phrase "Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined." The words that have been highlighted were the ones that were stressed by the speaker.

3. Hence, if it is going to be transcribed, it would be like "ɡəʊ ˈkɒnfɪdᵊntli ɪn ðə daɪˈrɛkʃᵊn ɒv jɔː driːmz. lɪv ðə laɪf juː hæv ɪˈmæʤɪnd."

4. Stress patterns help speaker deliver their speech with flying colors as it will attracts the listener's attention and also gives the opportunity to the speaker to express their emotions or feelings.

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Stress

Based on the video recording, the American English speaker stressed on certain words.

For example, in the first sentence, "A poem is the very image of life expressed in its eternal truth.“ "ə ˈpoʊəm əz ðə ˈvɛriˈɪməʤ əv laɪf ɪkˈsprɛstɪn ɪts ɪˈtɜrnəl truθ."

The stress words in this sentence based on the American speaker is poem, image, expressed, eternal and truth.

Stress patterns can sometimes give different meanings depending on the speaker’s intentions, whether it can be noun or verb. (Sereno, 2005)

Based on the sentences, the word that can bring different meanings are such as:

1. Content

Noun: /ˈkɒntɛnt/

Verb: /kənˈtɛnt/

2.  Dream

Noun: /driːm/

Verb: /driːm/

Examples from the other sources is SURvey (noun) and surVEY (verb).

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According to British Council Foundation Indonesia (n.d), when the British arrived in the Americas by water in the 16th and 17th centuries, it was they who brought the language with them.

Spelling had not standardised at that time. The appearance of these terms was not fixed until the creation of the first dictionaries. The dictionary was created in the UK by academics with a basis in London.

Meanwhile, a guy by the name of Noah Webster served as the lexicographer in the United States. It is said that he altered the spelling of the words to distinguish the American version from the British in order to demonstrate the cultural independence of the American language from its mother tongue.

The speech patterns that distinguish American English from British English evolved after the first immigrants came to America. These folks used a speech pattern known as rhotic speech, in which words are pronounced with their 'r' sounds.

In the meantime, the UK's upper classes softened their pronunciation of the "r" sounds in an effort to set themselves apart from the common people. Since the wealthy were already seen as a model of style, imitation of their speech spread throughout the south of England until it was eventually accepted as the norm.

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According to Ghlamallah (2020), in his research, it was found that British English often omitted the /r/ in words that ended with the letter or we called it non-rhotic. For example, the word ‘character’ in the audio recording. For a British English speaker, the character is uttered /kærəktə/, not /kærəktər/. Other example is ‘for’ which is uttered /fɔː/ instead of /fɔːr/.

Some words spelled with a can be converted to /æ, ɑ: and ɒ  / in British English. To illustrate, the word ‘want’ uses /ɒ / instead of /ʌ/. Therefore, the spelling would be /wɒnt/.

The difference occur as the sound of words pronunciation between other native Englishes country and British Isles are not the same with each other.