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The Philippine American War in 4 Minutes

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(Bauer, R. 2022)

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(National Archives)

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ramparts of Manila, circa 1899. (photo: Library of Congress)

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The United States' involvement with the Philippines can also be referenced as "America's Colony". Following the Spanish-American War in 1898, Spain sold the Philippine archipelago to the U.S. for 20 million dollars and as a result, gained access to the islands within Manila Bay.

Taking control of these islands prevented another power from moving in, provided economic benefactors, and took away the instance of self-rule. These actions were quickly met by a Catholic rebellion led by Emilio Aguinaldo to confront American troops stationed in the islands. From an artillery stance, Filipinos were significantly outnumbered in weaponry so they developed the usage of guerilla tactics. Our response to the uprising brought about concentration camps and battle zones that encouraged fighting between civilians and combatants. This was considered to be the beginning of the Philippine-American War where it is estimated almost 1 million deaths. Years of war "ended" in 1901 when rebellion leader, Emilio Aguinaldo was captured and swore allegiance to America. Although the war was over, the conflict between America and Muslims continued until 1914. The article states, "To run America's new possession, President McKinley implemented a policy of "benevolent assimilation," under which the United States would control the Philippines temporarily while it oversaw the transition to self-rule and independence." (Philippines- Island Under Siege).

The United States perspective reiterates our position of duty to bring forth civilization and order. The Senator of Indiana, Alfred Beveride, said, "The Philippines are ours forever. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our duty in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee under God, of the civilization of the world." (Philippines- Island Under Siege). The U.S. claims a stance of aid, however, the opinion of the people disagreed with the actions of their country. Anti-imperialist movements protested war as being an act of aggression against Filipino people on a criminal level. The article also states, Filipino nationalists suspected the United States of postponing independence indefinitely while exploiting the islands' economic resources and using their country as a military base." (Philippines- Island Under Siege).