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Henry VII ended the War of the Roses and ruled bringing peace and prosperity to England. He reorganized the state administration, the army, and the navy, and sought political alliances with strategic marriages of his children. Under his rule, the foundations for English Humanism were laid and a Renaissance artistic program was promoted.

Henry VIII completed what his father began and was well received by humanist thinkers as promoter of a golden age. However, his problems with the Vatican to obtain divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, led to the break with Rome and the creation of the Church of England by the Act of Supremacy of 1534. This allowed Henry to proclaim himself head of the Church and to replace the Catholic aristocracy with a Protestant.

Henry VIII met with opposition, including the famous cases of Sir Thomas More and others, and executed two of his wives, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, for alleged infidelity.

After Henry VIII, the reigns of his son Edward VI and his daughter Mary I were marked by religious tensions. Edward VI supported Protestantism, while Mary I, a Catholic, persecuted Protestants, earning the nickname "Bloody Mary."

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Elizabeth had a very difficult childhood, her father would have wanted a son, he executed her mother Anne Boleyn and Elizabeth lived prisoner in the Tower of London. She was freed by Henry's sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, but returned prisoner when her half-sister Maria she became queen. After Mary's death, Elizabeth became queen, she never married, some think it was due to the unhappy marriage of her parents, another reason could be that she wanted to marry Robert Dudley, but he was already married and when his wife died it was impossible for Elisabeth to marry him.She made herself head of the Church of England, won against the Spanish army at sea, saved England from invasion and with the return of Catholicism it became a great naval power. Elisabeth tried to improve the lives of common people, with the introduction of the Poor Law in 1601 to help them

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William Shakespeare was born in Stratford Upon Avon in 1564. He was an English playright poet and actor. But, at least,he was the most famous drammatist in the wordl. He lived during Elizabeth 1st reign and wrote a lot of comedies histories and, mainly, tragedies. His most famous tragedies were: hamlet (mad’s tragedy) Romeo and Juliet (love’s tragedy) king lear (revange tragedy) macbeth (ambition’s tragedy)

He worked in the famous globe theatre. The queen invited him to represente his plays at the court. As regard “Romeo and Juliet”, Shakespeare nevere went to Italy. He studied italian art,literaly and history.