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Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction.

Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world. About 2,000 years ago, 80 percent of Western Europe was forested; today the figure is 34 percent. In North America, about half of the forests in the eastern part of the continent were cut down from the 1600s to the 1870s for timber and agriculture. China has lost great expanses of its forests over the past 4,000 years and now just over 20 percent of it is forested. Much of Earth's farmland was once forests.

Today, the greatest amount of deforestation is occurring in tropical rainforests, aided by extensive road construction into regions that were once almost inaccessible. Building or upgrading roads into forests makes them more accessible for exploitation. Slash-and-burn agriculture is a big contributor to deforestation in the tropics. With this agricultural method, farmers burn large swaths of forest, allowing the ash to fertilize the land for crops. The land is only fertile for a few years, however, after which the farmers move on to repeat the process elsewhere. Tropical forests are also cleared to make way for logging, cattle ranching, and oil palm and rubber tree plantations.

Deforestation can result in more carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. That is because trees take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis, and carbon is locked chemically in their wood. When trees are burned, this carbon returns to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. With fewer trees around to take in the carbon dioxide, this greenhouse gas accumulates in the atmosphere and accelerates global warming.

Deforestation also threatens the world's biodiversity. Tropical forests are home to great numbers of animal and plant species. When forests are logged or burned, it can drive many of those species into extinction. Some scientists say we are already in the midst of a mass-extinction episode.

More immediately, the loss of trees from a forest can leave soil more prone to erosion. This causes the remaining plants to become more vulnerable to fire as the forest shifts from being a closed, moist environment to an open, dry one.

While deforestation can be permanent, this is not always the case. In North America, for example, forests in many areas are returning thanks to conservation efforts.

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Deforestation | National Geographic Society

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Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world.

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What Is Deforestation?

Deforestation is the clearing, destroying, or otherwise removal of trees through deliberate, natural, or accidental means. It can occur in any area densely populated by trees and other plant life, but the majority of it is currently happening in the Amazon rainforest.

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for Indigenous people.

Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons. The most common reason is agriculture, with 80% of deforestation resulting from extensive cattle ranching,and logging for materials and development. It has been happening for thousands of years, arguably since people began converting from hunter/gatherer to agricultural based societies, and required larger, unobstructed tracks of land to accommodate cattle, crops, and housing. However, after the onset of the modern era, it became an epidemic.

Effects of Deforestation on the Environment

Loss of Habitat

One of the most dangerous and unsettling effects of deforestation is the loss of animal and plant species due to their loss of habitat. 70% of land animals and plant species live in forests. Not only does deforestation threaten species known to us, but also those unknown.

The trees of the rainforest that provide shelter for some species also provide the canopy that regulates the temperature. Deforestation results in a more drastic temperature variation from day to night, much like a desert, which could prove fatal for many inhabitants.

Increased Greenhouse Gases

In addition to the loss of habitat, the lack of trees also allows a greater amount of greenhouse gases to be released into the atmosphere. Healthy forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as valuable carbon sinks. Deforested areas lose that ability and release more carbon.

Water in the Atmosphere

Trees also help to control the level of water in the atmosphere by helping to regulate the water cycle.

One of the most important forests for regulating water cycles across the planet is the Amazon rainforest. Its millions of trees work together to release moisture into the air, creating atmospheric "rivers" that regulate Earth's weather patterns.

In deforested areas, there is less water in the air to be returned to the soil. This then causes dryer soil and the inability to grow crops.

Soil Erosion and Flooding

Further effects of deforestation include soil erosion and coastal flooding. Trees help the land to retain water and topsoil, which provides the rich nutrients to sustain additional forest life.

Without forests, the soil erodes and washes away, causing farmers to move on and perpetuate the cycle. The barren land which is left behind in the wake of these unsustainable agricultural practices is then more susceptible to flooding, specifically in coastal regions.

Effects of Deforestation on Indigenous People

As large amounts of forests are cleared away, allowing exposed land to deteriorate and the habitats of innumerable species to be destroyed, the Indigenous communities who live there and depend on the forest to sustain their way of life are also under threat.

The loss of forests has an immediate and direct effect on their lifestyle. Many Indigenous communities depend on what the forest has to offer for food, medicine, building materials, and cultural resources. Because many of these communities are located in remote areas in dense forests, the loss of these resources poses many challenges to their health and wellbeing.

Deforestation has human rights implications, particularly for the many Indigenous groups who are frontline communities.

Often, frontline communities have little say in how their local environment is altered by governments and corporations. At the same time, these communities face the most immediate and threatening impacts of environmental degradation and climate change.

The governments of nations with rainforests within their borders often attempt to evict Indigenous tribes before the deforestation begins. This undermines the sovereignty of these Indigenous groups, especially when governments fail to seek their consultation and consent before starting any projects.

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Deforestation is the process of permanently removing standing forests, which occurs for a variety of reasons and has many devastating effects.

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What is deforestation? What is the definition of deforestation and why is deforestation happening? Let's figure out what are the causes and effects of deforestation, as well as what solutions can be adopted to stop it.

What Is Deforestation?

Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization estimates the annual rate of deforestation to be around 1.3 million per decade.

The Causes of Deforestation: Why Is Deforestation Happening?

Multiple factors, either of human or natural origin, cause deforestation. Natural factors include natural forest fires or parasite-caused diseases which can result in deforestation. Nevertheless, human activities are among the main causes of global deforestation. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the expansion of agriculture caused nearly 80% of global deforestation, with the construction of infrastructures such as roads or dams, together with mining activities and urbanization, making up the remaining causes of deforestation.

1. Agriculture is the Number 1 Cause of Deforestation (~80%)

Why is deforestation happening? According to the FAO, agriculture causes around 80% of deforestation. And how does agriculture cause so much deforestation? According to the same report, 33% of agriculture-caused deforestation is a consequence of subsistence agriculture - such as local peasant agriculture in developing countries.

Commercial or industrial agriculture (field crops and livestock) cause around 40% of forest loss - in the search for space to grow food, fibers or biofuel (such as soybeans, palm oil, beef, rice, maize, cotton and sugar cane). It is also particularly interesting to note livestock is believed to be responsible for about 14% of global deforestation. The main reasons why have to do with the large areas require both to raise livestock but also to grow its (soy-based) food.

2. Deforestation Caused By New Constructions (~15%)

The construction of human infrastructures has also been driving deforestation. More specifically, 10% of deforestation can be attributed to new infrastructures that serve the current human lifestyle in four main ways: transportation, transformation and energy generation.

On one hand, roads, rails, ports or airports have been built to move all sorts of goods - from cereals and fruits to spices, minerals or fossil fuels - either directly to trade centers or to transformation sites. So while at first there were only fruit trees, roads soon arrived to allow transporting fruit to other regions. And while some goods were and are collected manually, others such as coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, but also meat, dairy or spirits, required the construction of large extraction, transportation and/or transformation infrastructures.

3. How Urbanization Is Causing Deforestation (~5%)

The populational shift that is leading people to move from rural areas to urban areas is also contributing to deforestation (5%, according to FAO). This urban growth - in which 68% of the world's population is expected to live in cities by 2050 - is leading to an exponential growth of housing and consumption sites. And as cities become larger so they can host more people, they challenge the natural boundaries surrounding them, often leading to deforestation. This is one of the reasons why deforestation is happening.

Deforestation Effects - How Does Deforestation Affect The Environment?

Deforestation has many consequences for natural ecosystems and it poses serious problems to the resilience of the planet. Let's take a look at the main effects of deforestation to better understand why it is bad for the planet.

1 - The Effects of Deforestation on Biodiversity

The most known consequence of deforestation is its threat to biodiversity. In fact, forests represent some of the most veritable hubs of biodiversity. From mammals to birds, insects, amphibians or plants, the forest is home to many rare and fragile species.
80% of the Earth's land animals and plants live in forests.

By destroying the forests, human activities are putting entire ecosystems in danger, creating natural imbalances, and putting Life at threat. The natural world is complex, interconnected, and made of thousands of inter-dependencies and among other functions, trees provide shade and colder temperatures for animals and smaller trees or vegetation which may not survive with the heat of direct sunlight. Besides, trees also feeding animals with their fruits while providing them with food and shelter they need to survive.
Aren't you yet sure about the importance of biodiversity for the planet's balance and for human life? Then you should find out some examples of how Life is interconnected:
2 - The Effects of Deforestation on Local People and Their Livelihoods

Healthy forests support the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people globally, one billion of whom are among the world's poorest. This means there are many people depending on forests for survival and using them to hunt and gather raw products for their small-scale agriculture processes. But in developing countries such as Borneo, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, or Mexico, land tenure systems are weak. This allows big businesses to get these lands and use them for other ends, disrupting local people's lives.

Locals then have to make one of two choices. They can decide to abandon "their" land and migrate somewhere else, avoiding conflict and embracing the challenge of a new different life. Or they can stay and work for the companies exploring it in remote plantations - often getting unfair wages and working under inhumane conditions. In some countries like Mexico, plantations' owners are often forced to share their profits with local cartels to keep their families alive and to avoid having their crops burned

Related: Is Avocado Production Sustainable? The Social Impact Of Cartels In Avocado Production

3 - Deforestation for Food May Lead to Food Insecurity in the Future

Today, 52% of all the land used for food production is moderately or severely impacted by soil erosion. In the long term, the lack of healthy, nutritious soil can lead to low yields and food insecurity.

4 - Soil Erosion is One of the Consequences of Deforestation

Deforestation weakens and degrades the soi l. Forested soils are usually not only richer on organic matter, but also more resistant to erosion, bad weather, and extreme weather events. This happens mainly because roots help fix trees in the ground and the sun-blocking tree cover helps the soil to slowly dry out. As a result, deforestation will probably mean the soil will become increasingly fragile, leaving the area more vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides and floods.

5 - Deforestation Affects and Contributes to Climate Change

Deforestation also has a very strong contribution to climate change. Why? Let's remember trees absorb and store CO2 throughout their lives. If we speak about tropical forests, they hold more than 210 gigatons of carbon, according to WWF. And what's worrying is that the destruction of these trees has two big negative side-effects.

Firstly, taking down trees means they'll release back into the atmosphere the CO2 they were keeping. Secondly, fewer trees available means reducing the planet's overall ability to capture and store CO2. Both these effects negatively contribute to the greenhouse effect and to climate change. As a matter of fact, while food and agriculture account for 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for 10-15% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

Understanding Deforestation In Video

To understand the challenges of deforestation, check this National Geographic video.

Where Is Deforestation Happening? Countries Most Impacted By Deforestation

Around the world, deforestation occurs mostly in the tropics where there are different types of forests are: from wet and hot rainforests to others that lose their leaves in the dry season and become woodlands. Some parts of the world have managed to protect their forests from deforestation while others have seen their forestal area decline.

According to FAO's report, 6 million hectares of land were lost from forest to agriculture since 1990 in the tropical domain. These changes significantly differ but there are 3 important worldwide examples of deforestation: the Amazon rainforest, Indonesia and Borneo, and Africa.

The Effects Of Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest

Brazil and the Amazon forest are also important (for the wrong reasons) deforestation areas worldwide. The Amazon Rainforest is one of the world's largest forest hotspots, with huge biodiversity reserves. Its ability to store carbon and produce oxygen makes it of the "lungs" of the planet.

Since the 1960s, the Amazon forest has been under threat, and nearly 760 000 (around 20% of its original size) of forest area was lost. Before 1980-1990, large industrial projects such as dams, roads, or mines were the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon region, together with subsistence farming. However, for around thirty years, the causes of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest are changing. Why?

According to various reports on the subject (Greenpeace, FAO), livestock farming, including soya production, is responsible for about 70 to 80% of deforestation in the Amazon region. The development of intensive livestock production, combined with meat consumption increases in developed countries, is thus the main cause of deforestation in the Amazon forest.

The Effects Of Deforestation In Southeast Asia - Indonesia And Borneo

Indonesia and the island of Borneo are emblematic symbols of the global phenomenon of deforestation. This region in Southeast Asia is naturally one of the richest reserves of forest and biodiversity in the world. But at the same time, it is also one of the regions that have been suffering the most deforestation in recent decades. According to FAO, between 1990 and 2012 alone, Indonesia lost about 9 million hectares of its forests, largely due to deforestation caused by palm oil.

One of the most important causes of deforestation in Indonesia and Borneo is unquestionably the production of palm oil. According to FAO, between 1990 and 2000, nearly 6 million hectares of palm oil plantations have gradually replaced Indonesian forests. This makes the palm oil industry one of the biggest contributors to deforestation in Southeast Asia - and it is expected to continue to be so.

Due to pressure from NGOs ( such as Greenpeace's recent report) and new regulations, as well the expectations of consumers, the situation of the palm oil industry is slowly starting to improve. Certifications are starting to appear, including sustainable palm oil labels (that aim to prove it comes from certified forests and workers are fairly paid) like RSPO.

Indonesia now accounts for nearly 35% of the world's sustainable palm oil production, although the sustainable palm oil market is still small ( only 19% is certified). Despite industries still posing serious environmental problems, the media spotlight on this topic is beginning to shift the lines.

Deforestation In Africa

Africa is also a large area suffering from deforestation. In fact, it experiences more deforestation than Asia: about 2 million hectares of forest disappear each year in Africa. In Nigeria, for instance, over 90% of forests were lost because of practices that started in the colonial era. Woodcutting of forest reserves and the development of cocoa and palm oil plantations are among the main causes of deforestation in Africa, together with land cleaning for mining activities.

What Animals Are Affected By Deforestation?

Unconventional production practices that illegally take down trees and use dangerous chemicals threaten forests and wildlife. In this way, exploiting crops such as palm oil, wood, coffee or avocados has side effects that affect the environment and the surrounding ecosystems. It's estimated that the Earth's biodiversity is going extinct 0,1%, or aprox. 200 species per day, every year. Some of the animals under greatest threat are:

How Can We Stop Deforestation? Solutions to Deforestation

How can we stop deforestation? According to OECD, the human population is expected to continue to increase and reach over 9 billion people by 2050. At the current rate of consumption, and with more people inhabiting Earth, the need for more space to grow food and extract natural resources is only likely to increase - depending, of course, on tech development such as artificial foods. As the demand for food or raw materials like cotton or minerals increases, so does the need to turn forests into farmland, pastureland, or mining spots. Under this broader perspective, how can we stop deforestation?

1 - Eating Less Meat Helps Stop Deforestation

How can we stop deforestation? According to the WWF, livestock-caused deforestation is responsible for the discharge of 3.4% of current global emissions of carbon to the atmosphere every year. That's why the late 2018 IPCC report stood out that reducing meat consumption by 90% is the single biggest way to reduce global warming.

Some studies also show that without meat and dairy consumption, global farmland use could be reduced by over 75%. In this way, reducing your meat consumption is also a big step to stop not only deforestation but also global warming on a larger scale. Remember: a lot of space is needed to grow both animals and the food they consume, while other nutritious foods could be grown and result in larger food quantities using the same space. Why not saving meat for important occasions only?

2 - Consuming Less and More Consciously Helps Stop Deforestation

As consumers we can choose to buy less industrial and transformed products such as cookies, crips, noodles or cosmetics that use plenty of palm oil. Instead, we can go for a home-made approach with fewer chemicals and food preservatives which is better for both the planet and our health.

However, if you are not willing to make such changes - because they are time consuming - you can still consume more responsibly while keeping your lifestyle. To this regard, you can buy products from brands adopting eco-friendly business practices. When it comes to food, buying directly to small farmers using agroforestry practices is the best choice for the planet.

3 - To Stop Deforestation, When You Consume: Use, Use, Use

Your smartphone, your laptop or your car, to name a few, are all made of aluminium, plastic and rare Earth minerals, among other materials. To get these, (just like foods like coffee or cacao) land was clear to build mining sites, roads and factories and where built to transport and transform them, powerplants provide them with energy...

The longer we use our products for, the higher the changes that demand doesn't grow (it won't likely decrease either - there are more people in the planet every day). Economically-speaking, if the demand doesn't grow, production won't grow either and it it is not necessary to clear more space to extract natural resources and build human infrastructures might, deforestation (and carbon emissions from the industry) might just not increase.

4 - Leaving Fossil Fuels and Palm Oil Behind

Nearly half of UE's imports of palm oil are used as biofuels - although proposals to ban subsidies are currently under debate. Since diesel and petrol are mixed with biofuels, choosing other transportation methods such as walking, cycling or car-sharing can be good ways of reducing palm oil importations (and production) and to help stop deforestation.

5 - Lead by Example and Spread Awareness

If you start adopting the behaviors mentioned above to help stop deforestation you can lead by your example. Teach your family, friends or colleagues what deforestation is and why it is happening, the causes and consequences of deforestation, and what solutions individuals, consumers and organizations can adopt.

A Broader Perspective: How Can We Stop Deforestation?

Apart from people's individual contributions to stop deforestation, from a political and systemic perspective, other more direct and hands-on actions approaches can be taken:

2 - Protecting forested areas by creating laws and policies that ensure forests are kept protected and restored and betting on land practices such as wildfire corridors;

3 - Reforming trade agreements, starting to value differently products obtained through deforestation, and creating incentives for the use of sustainable forestry certifications such as FSC;

4 - Educating local communities and tourists about the need to protect forests and develop and enroll in ecotourism activities.

What Are People Doing to Stop Deforestation?

What is being currently done do stop deforestation? Efforts to replant deforested areas are taking place every day. Unfortunately, some replanting is done with the goal of quickly growing trees to be exploited in the short-term by the logging industry. These often consist of monotypic plantations (less resilient, more appealing to harmful environmental management practices) such as eucalyptus or pines. This is no small effort: there are 1.3 million of these plantations on Earth, according to FAO.

At the same time, efforts to stop deforestation using more ecological management practices are also underway thanks to forest protection NGOs, eco-villages, UN initiatives and workgroups, and national governments such as New Zealand's.
Image credits to deforestation on Shutterstock, trees deforestation on Shutterstock and palm oil deforestation on Shutterstock

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What Is Deforestation? Definition, Causes, Effects and Solutions to Stop it

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What is the definition of deforestation? What are its causes and effects? How to stop deforestation? What animals are affected by deforestation?

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https://www.mossy.earth/rewilding-knowledge/deforestation

(Niall O'Reilly n.d.)

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M.K McCoy (Aug 16 2023) What Drives deforestation- and how can we stop it?Conservation.org

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M.K McCoy (Aug 16 2023) What Drives deforestation- and how can we stop it?Conservation.org

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This summer, dangerous heatwaves have shattered records around the world. The extreme temperatures would be " virtually impossible" without human-caused climate change, according to an ever-growing body of research.

As countries struggle to respond to the sweltering weather, a new study provides the largest and most comprehensive review yet of how to stop deforestation - a major cause of climate-warming greenhouse gases, second only to fossil fuel emissions. Led by Conservation International climate economics expert Jonah Busch, the research distills findings from 320 peer-reviewed studies that focus on what's accelerating deforestation and how to prevent it.

With international efforts to conserve nature and fight climate change gaining ground, Busch said he hopes the study's findings serve as a roadmap for protecting forests, "one of our best allies in reducing emissions and cooling a rapidly warming planet."

"World leaders have committed to fight climate change by halting and reversing deforestation by 2030," he added. "This new study can help guide policies and investment toward actions that support those goals - and away from those that don't."

What slows deforestation

Of all the methods proven to prevent deforestation, protected areas - such as national parks, wilderness preserves and other places set aside to conserve nature - are most effective at reducing deforestation, the study found.

"Protected areas are a tried-and-true way of conserving nature and curbing the climate crisis," Busch said. "However, not all protected areas are created equal - their location is key. To really help mitigate climate change, protected areas must be in the right places."

Currently, about 17 percent of the planet's lands are conserved, but many of those protected areas are in remote locations, where the threat of deforestation is relatively low. As countries ramp up efforts to protect 30 percent of lands - something scientists and conservationists say is needed to stem biodiversity loss and climate change - new protected areas should be created in places where deforestation is more likely to occur in the first place.

That means areas with higher populations and greater proximity to cities and roads, according to the study. Understanding these drivers of deforestation can help guide where new protected areas are established - and ensure they have a greater impact on protecting nature and the climate, Busch said.

Further reading: Protected forests are a climate powerhouse

Additionally, the study found that deforestation rates in Indigenous territories or lands managed by Indigenous peoples are consistently low, either due to traditional land-management practices that favor forests, or because Indigenous lands tend to be in remote areas and less likely to be converted to agriculture, Busch said.

In 2017, Busch and his colleagues published an analysis of deforestation using studies available at the time. In the six years since, the amount of research demonstrating that Indigenous managed lands prevent deforestation has more than doubled - providing the strongest evidence yet that upholding Indigenous land rights and officially recognizing Indigenous territories is key to reducing deforestation.

"The trickle of evidence has become a flood," he said. "Indigenous management undoubtedly slows deforestation."

Protecting land rights enables Indigenous communities to practice their own systems of resource management, which in turn helps to protect lands and water - and support global conservation goals. Notably, late last year the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, an agreement signed by nearly 200 countries to protect nature, formally recognized the rights and contributions of Indigenous peoples.

Further reading: To achieve global conservation goals, secure Indigenous rights

Other successful approaches to preventing deforestation are based on creating financial incentives for communities to keep forests intact - for example, by valuing the carbon that trees remove from the atmosphere and store in their trunks and soils. The study found that providing benefits to communities that keep their trees standing lowers deforestation rates.

For example, revenues from the sale of carbon credits can generate much-needed investments in local communities - such as improving health services, funding scholarships or supporting new job opportunities. In Kenya's Chyulu Hills region - where forests have been decimated by slash-and-burn agriculture and charcoal burning for fuelwood - Conservation International and partners launched a carbon project that is helping to conserve and restore 404,000 hectares (1 million acres) of land, secure new livelihoods for the local community and prevent the release of around 30 million metric tons of carbon emissions.

Additionally, the study found that commodity certification programs, which allow farmers to sell coffee, palm oil or other products at a higher price in return for protecting trees, are also connected to lower rates of deforestation - as are companies' commitments to ending deforestation in their supply chains.

What accelerates deforestation

What's the main driver of deforestation in the tropics? In a word: Agriculture. It's responsible for 90 percent of all tropical deforestation, which roughly amounts to 9 million hectares (22 million acres) of forest destroyed annually - the equivalent of more than 8 million soccer fields.

Why is agriculture so damaging to forests? It comes down to economic incentives, Busch said.

"Land is valuable and scarce," he said. "The economic value of cutting down forests for growing crops is consistently well-reflected in global markets - in short, it's a moneymaker. But despite the huge benefits trees provide in terms of clean water, the ability to store climate-warming carbon and so much more, global markets don't value standing forests in the same way."

Finally, there were other drivers of deforestation that surprised Busch, either because they'd never before been identified in a peer-reviewed paper, or because they went against conventional wisdom.

For example, Busch pointed to a persistent myth that poverty drives people to deforest their lands to grow crops and meet basic needs. However, again and again evidence shows that poverty doesn't cause deforestation - wealth does, he said.

"The more resources people or companies have, the more access they have to the equipment and labor needed to clear forests - and the easier they can secure credit to clear large tracts of land," Busch said.

The study is also the first to identify a connection between higher temperatures and more deforestation. That's perhaps because warmer and drier conditions make forests more susceptible to fire, which is responsible for most deforestation in many parts of the world, Busch said. This finding suggests that increased deforestation may be yet another unwelcome consequence of global warming.

Ultimately, climate change is making forests both more vital and more vulnerable. It's a vicious circle: deforestation is driving climate change - and it's also fueled by it.

"This summer's record-breaking heat is a stark reminder that climate change is happening now," Busch said. "Forests are one of our best defenses against climate change - but only if they're left standing."

Further reading:
Mary Kate McCoy is a staff writer at Conservation International. Want to read more stories like this? Sign up for email updates. Also, please consider supporting our critical work.

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What drives deforestation - and how can we stop it?

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As dangerous heatwaves shatter records around the world this summer, a new study provides the most comprehensive review yet of how to stop deforestation - a major cause of climate-warming greenhouse gases, second only to fossil fuel emissions.

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Deforestation probably means to cut too many trees, and because of that there's not enough oxygen, and too much Co2

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The water is going to waste because the trees are gone so the water turns into mud and the water dose not go to the water facilities and make it clean water

Erik

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I think deforestation is cutting the tree too much

We need tree to make paper, some table , tree or many more

So people’s cut many tree

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I anticipate that deforestation is the tree will fall down

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(Why do the humans deforestation) or (what are some example humans deforest)

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No, keep it simple

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We need to make sure that everyone understands what issue we're talking about. If we just skip on to a question that talks like it already knows what deforestation is, it is confusing to the reader, and they can't understand what topic we're talking about. It's very confusing for the reader in terms of structure, and communication. If we talk about the meaning of deforestation, the reader can easily understand our topic, and also understand the meaning of deforestation.

This topic is probably well-known, but I think that most of them only heard of it a couple of times, but aren't understanding the real meaning, like me and my classmates: some people thought it was about cutting down trees, some about burning, etc. Therefore, I think it's better to explain what the topic means, to communicate our understand of what deforestation is, to the reader.

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people such as farmers, companies, and residents purposefully destroy trees and make an open clearing to do agriculture, make buildings, etc. This connects to too many trees destroyed, creating a loss of forests, and too much open land. Therefore, deforestation means to destory trees purposefully to create more houses or farms. "Throughout history and into modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction."

(Stanley M, 2024, Feburary 22)

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E.O Wilson is an entomologist. He studies the actions and body structure of insects

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SDGs UNICEF

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Ece- People who discover that ant ants can communicate
Haruka- A scientist that researches the influence of climate change
Runa- I think E.O Wilson is a physical scientist

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Who are the people who cause deforestation?

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Who are the people who cause deforestation?

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Farmers and ranchers are the people who cause deforestation

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No because the question I thought of was not very different.

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What companies are trying to fix deforestation

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What companies are trying to fix deforestation

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Some company names are Hershey, L’Oreal, Disney, Consumer Goods Forum.

Kate,G

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I think societis try to help more increace tree and make more good earth then animal will incrase and good think will happen so societis are try to save

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To help I think we can open any site like Unisef and there are information so you can read and give seed then we can help like donation.

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How are farmers and ranchers causing deforestation

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The companies use deforestation as publicity.I think that because many customers don’t like products that had to be made by deforestation, Because of that some companies get rid of deforestation in the process of making their products to get more customers.

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We find his name and a quote he said in cg.

Quotes
Destroying rainforests for economic gain is like burning renaissance painting to cook a meal

Why did we thought putting a quote is good
Quotes help us support the definition and effect deforestation. It also helps entertain readers by giving more varieties of information. -Haruka

Why did we research
Chat GPT sometimes uses information that might not be true or can not be trusted. Because of this, we chose to research his name to make sure he was a real person, or if that his quote was actually said by him.

It is important to mention who E,O Wilson is in the poster, to explain who made the quote, and hoe he’s related to the quote. Therefore, the reader would be less confused, than if we didn’t mention who made the quote.

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I think it is a good question is because it explains what kind of people are causing deforestation

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Companies can stop or limit deforestation by respecting indigenous people’s land.Some ways to do that would be, not invading their land for their trees Some other ways are using less paper, using eco bags or tote bags instead of single use bags.

(McCoy)(2023)

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Ece
Industrial agriculture for products like palm oil, soy, and meat causes 80% of global deforestation and 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. Despite efforts to stop deforestation, it has continued since 2010
(Behring, n.d.)

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The Anticipated answer is that the weather will change

Runa

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I thought it is a good question because we can understand why and how farmers ranchers cause deforestation

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How did farmer causing it and what is solution?

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How did farmer causing it and what is solution?

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80percent of themes are coming by habitat destruction.

But, when some farmers feed some plants, It makes problem in nature. Overall, most problems are ‘palm oil’. because sometimes oil could make fire. But, if it is in the forest or somewhere that has a bunch of trees, It can burn all trees at once. Even it is not only oil. There are more way to make deforestation. There are soybeans, cocoa, and Livestock.

When they grow, farmer need to make deforestation.

Solution is probably they need make balance about how much exists in the farm. Or, they need try to find better ways to make tree or nature to be safe.(harry)(N.D, Behing)

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I think it is a good question is because it explains about how the water is getting wasted on dirt instead of drinking water

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We will not change the question

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What are people trying to do to stop deforestation

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What are people trying to do to stop deforestation

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I think we can plant the tree, do not use many plastics to eat or anything ,Use the subway or bicycle more often than driving a car (because a lot of smoke is produced).,Recycle trash that can be recycled,Use a lot of recycled products

How can we stop deforestation n.d.

https://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/how-can-we-stop-deforestation

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Is all of them farmers and ranchers fault?

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Is all of them farmers and ranchers fault?

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Farmers and ranchers are part of cause of deforestation.
Industrial Agriculture Is also related.

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We choose this question because, we know that water will effect will cause a lot with water, like sometime the water does not go inside the dirt. If the dirt doesn’t go inside, it is not useful. The drinking water is come from deep in the earth. The fishing system and drinking system.

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Deforestation is when, either by force of nature or by force of man (god damn force of man) forests are burned, flattened, clear felled, torn down, in what is a controlled, yet often reckless dismantling of native trees and the world of nature that exists within them. It is the unsustainable practice of removing forests and is carried out in different ways for a variety of reasons, many of which are harmful.

(Niall O'Reilly n.d.)

https://www.mossy.earth/rewilding-knowledge/deforestation

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What Is Deforestation? Definition, Causes, Consequences, Solutions

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What Is Deforestation? Definition, Causes, Consequences, Solutions

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N.D.

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What is deforestation? What is the definition of deforestation and why is deforestation happening? Let's figure out what are the causes and effects of deforestation, as well as what solutions can be adopted to stop it.

What Is Deforestation?

Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization estimates the annual rate of deforestation to be around 1.3 million per decade.

The Causes of Deforestation: Why Is Deforestation Happening?

Multiple factors, either of human or natural origin, cause deforestation. Natural factors include natural forest fires or parasite-caused diseases which can result in deforestation. Nevertheless, human activities are among the main causes of global deforestation. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the expansion of agriculture caused nearly 80% of global deforestation, with the construction of infrastructures such as roads or dams, together with mining activities and urbanization, making up the remaining causes of deforestation.

1. Agriculture is the Number 1 Cause of Deforestation (~80%)

Why is deforestation happening? According to the FAO, agriculture causes around 80% of deforestation. And how does agriculture cause so much deforestation? According to the same report, 33% of agriculture-caused deforestation is a consequence of subsistence agriculture - such as local peasant agriculture in developing countries.

Commercial or industrial agriculture (field crops and livestock) cause around 40% of forest loss - in the search for space to grow food, fibers or biofuel (such as soybeans, palm oil, beef, rice, maize, cotton and sugar cane). It is also particularly interesting to note livestock is believed to be responsible for about 14% of global deforestation. The main reasons why have to do with the large areas require both to raise livestock but also to grow its (soy-based) food.

2. Deforestation Caused By New Constructions (~15%)

The construction of human infrastructures has also been driving deforestation. More specifically, 10% of deforestation can be attributed to new infrastructures that serve the current human lifestyle in four main ways: transportation, transformation and energy generation.

On one hand, roads, rails, ports or airports have been built to move all sorts of goods - from cereals and fruits to spices, minerals or fossil fuels - either directly to trade centers or to transformation sites. So while at first there were only fruit trees, roads soon arrived to allow transporting fruit to other regions. And while some goods were and are collected manually, others such as coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, but also meat, dairy or spirits, required the construction of large extraction, transportation and/or transformation infrastructures.

3. How Urbanization Is Causing Deforestation (~5%)

The populational shift that is leading people to move from rural areas to urban areas is also contributing to deforestation (5%, according to FAO). This urban growth - in which 68% of the world's population is expected to live in cities by 2050 - is leading to an exponential growth of housing and consumption sites. And as cities become larger so they can host more people, they challenge the natural boundaries surrounding them, often leading to deforestation. This is one of the reasons why deforestation is happening.

Deforestation Effects - How Does Deforestation Affect The Environment?

Deforestation has many consequences for natural ecosystems and it poses serious problems to the resilience of the planet. Let's take a look at the main effects of deforestation to better understand why it is bad for the planet.

1 - The Effects of Deforestation on Biodiversity

The most known consequence of deforestation is its threat to biodiversity. In fact, forests represent some of the most veritable hubs of biodiversity. From mammals to birds, insects, amphibians or plants, the forest is home to many rare and fragile species.
80% of the Earth's land animals and plants live in forests.

By destroying the forests, human activities are putting entire ecosystems in danger, creating natural imbalances, and putting Life at threat. The natural world is complex, interconnected, and made of thousands of inter-dependencies and among other functions, trees provide shade and colder temperatures for animals and smaller trees or vegetation which may not survive with the heat of direct sunlight. Besides, trees also feeding animals with their fruits while providing them with food and shelter they need to survive.
Aren't you yet sure about the importance of biodiversity for the planet's balance and for human life? Then you should find out some examples of how Life is interconnected:
2 - The Effects of Deforestation on Local People and Their Livelihoods

Healthy forests support the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people globally, one billion of whom are among the world's poorest. This means there are many people depending on forests for survival and using them to hunt and gather raw products for their small-scale agriculture processes. But in developing countries such as Borneo, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, or Mexico, land tenure systems are weak. This allows big businesses to get these lands and use them for other ends, disrupting local people's lives.

Locals then have to make one of two choices. They can decide to abandon "their" land and migrate somewhere else, avoiding conflict and embracing the challenge of a new different life. Or they can stay and work for the companies exploring it in remote plantations - often getting unfair wages and working under inhumane conditions. In some countries like Mexico, plantations' owners are often forced to share their profits with local cartels to keep their families alive and to avoid having their crops burned

Related: Is Avocado Production Sustainable? The Social Impact Of Cartels In Avocado Production

3 - Deforestation for Food May Lead to Food Insecurity in the Future

Today, 52% of all the land used for food production is moderately or severely impacted by soil erosion. In the long term, the lack of healthy, nutritious soil can lead to low yields and food insecurity.

4 - Soil Erosion is One of the Consequences of Deforestation

Deforestation weakens and degrades the soi l. Forested soils are usually not only richer on organic matter, but also more resistant to erosion, bad weather, and extreme weather events. This happens mainly because roots help fix trees in the ground and the sun-blocking tree cover helps the soil to slowly dry out. As a result, deforestation will probably mean the soil will become increasingly fragile, leaving the area more vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides and floods.

5 - Deforestation Affects and Contributes to Climate Change

Deforestation also has a very strong contribution to climate change. Why? Let's remember trees absorb and store CO2 throughout their lives. If we speak about tropical forests, they hold more than 210 gigatons of carbon, according to WWF. And what's worrying is that the destruction of these trees has two big negative side-effects.

Firstly, taking down trees means they'll release back into the atmosphere the CO2 they were keeping. Secondly, fewer trees available means reducing the planet's overall ability to capture and store CO2. Both these effects negatively contribute to the greenhouse effect and to climate change. As a matter of fact, while food and agriculture account for 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for 10-15% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

Understanding Deforestation In Video

To understand the challenges of deforestation, check this National Geographic video.

Where Is Deforestation Happening? Countries Most Impacted By Deforestation

Around the world, deforestation occurs mostly in the tropics where there are different types of forests are: from wet and hot rainforests to others that lose their leaves in the dry season and become woodlands. Some parts of the world have managed to protect their forests from deforestation while others have seen their forestal area decline.

According to FAO's report, 6 million hectares of land were lost from forest to agriculture since 1990 in the tropical domain. These changes significantly differ but there are 3 important worldwide examples of deforestation: the Amazon rainforest, Indonesia and Borneo, and Africa.

The Effects Of Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest

Brazil and the Amazon forest are also important (for the wrong reasons) deforestation areas worldwide. The Amazon Rainforest is one of the world's largest forest hotspots, with huge biodiversity reserves. Its ability to store carbon and produce oxygen makes it of the "lungs" of the planet.

Since the 1960s, the Amazon forest has been under threat, and nearly 760 000 (around 20% of its original size) of forest area was lost. Before 1980-1990, large industrial projects such as dams, roads, or mines were the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon region, together with subsistence farming. However, for around thirty years, the causes of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest are changing. Why?

According to various reports on the subject (Greenpeace, FAO), livestock farming, including soya production, is responsible for about 70 to 80% of deforestation in the Amazon region. The development of intensive livestock production, combined with meat consumption increases in developed countries, is thus the main cause of deforestation in the Amazon forest.

The Effects Of Deforestation In Southeast Asia - Indonesia And Borneo

Indonesia and the island of Borneo are emblematic symbols of the global phenomenon of deforestation. This region in Southeast Asia is naturally one of the richest reserves of forest and biodiversity in the world. But at the same time, it is also one of the regions that have been suffering the most deforestation in recent decades. According to FAO, between 1990 and 2012 alone, Indonesia lost about 9 million hectares of its forests, largely due to deforestation caused by palm oil.

One of the most important causes of deforestation in Indonesia and Borneo is unquestionably the production of palm oil. According to FAO, between 1990 and 2000, nearly 6 million hectares of palm oil plantations have gradually replaced Indonesian forests. This makes the palm oil industry one of the biggest contributors to deforestation in Southeast Asia - and it is expected to continue to be so.

Due to pressure from NGOs ( such as Greenpeace's recent report) and new regulations, as well the expectations of consumers, the situation of the palm oil industry is slowly starting to improve. Certifications are starting to appear, including sustainable palm oil labels (that aim to prove it comes from certified forests and workers are fairly paid) like RSPO.

Indonesia now accounts for nearly 35% of the world's sustainable palm oil production, although the sustainable palm oil market is still small ( only 19% is certified). Despite industries still posing serious environmental problems, the media spotlight on this topic is beginning to shift the lines.

Deforestation In Africa

Africa is also a large area suffering from deforestation. In fact, it experiences more deforestation than Asia: about 2 million hectares of forest disappear each year in Africa. In Nigeria, for instance, over 90% of forests were lost because of practices that started in the colonial era. Woodcutting of forest reserves and the development of cocoa and palm oil plantations are among the main causes of deforestation in Africa, together with land cleaning for mining activities.

What Animals Are Affected By Deforestation?

Unconventional production practices that illegally take down trees and use dangerous chemicals threaten forests and wildlife. In this way, exploiting crops such as palm oil, wood, coffee or avocados has side effects that affect the environment and the surrounding ecosystems. It's estimated that the Earth's biodiversity is going extinct 0,1%, or aprox. 200 species per day, every year. Some of the animals under greatest threat are:

How Can We Stop Deforestation? Solutions to Deforestation

How can we stop deforestation? According to OECD, the human population is expected to continue to increase and reach over 9 billion people by 2050. At the current rate of consumption, and with more people inhabiting Earth, the need for more space to grow food and extract natural resources is only likely to increase - depending, of course, on tech development such as artificial foods. As the demand for food or raw materials like cotton or minerals increases, so does the need to turn forests into farmland, pastureland, or mining spots. Under this broader perspective, how can we stop deforestation?

1 - Eating Less Meat Helps Stop Deforestation

How can we stop deforestation? According to the WWF, livestock-caused deforestation is responsible for the discharge of 3.4% of current global emissions of carbon to the atmosphere every year. That's why the late 2018 IPCC report stood out that reducing meat consumption by 90% is the single biggest way to reduce global warming.

Some studies also show that without meat and dairy consumption, global farmland use could be reduced by over 75%. In this way, reducing your meat consumption is also a big step to stop not only deforestation but also global warming on a larger scale. Remember: a lot of space is needed to grow both animals and the food they consume, while other nutritious foods could be grown and result in larger food quantities using the same space. Why not saving meat for important occasions only?

2 - Consuming Less and More Consciously Helps Stop Deforestation

As consumers we can choose to buy less industrial and transformed products such as cookies, crips, noodles or cosmetics that use plenty of palm oil. Instead, we can go for a home-made approach with fewer chemicals and food preservatives which is better for both the planet and our health.

However, if you are not willing to make such changes - because they are time consuming - you can still consume more responsibly while keeping your lifestyle. To this regard, you can buy products from brands adopting eco-friendly business practices. When it comes to food, buying directly to small farmers using agroforestry practices is the best choice for the planet.

3 - To Stop Deforestation, When You Consume: Use, Use, Use

Your smartphone, your laptop or your car, to name a few, are all made of aluminium, plastic and rare Earth minerals, among other materials. To get these, (just like foods like coffee or cacao) land was clear to build mining sites, roads and factories and where built to transport and transform them, powerplants provide them with energy...

The longer we use our products for, the higher the changes that demand doesn't grow (it won't likely decrease either - there are more people in the planet every day). Economically-speaking, if the demand doesn't grow, production won't grow either and it it is not necessary to clear more space to extract natural resources and build human infrastructures might, deforestation (and carbon emissions from the industry) might just not increase.

4 - Leaving Fossil Fuels and Palm Oil Behind

Nearly half of UE's imports of palm oil are used as biofuels - although proposals to ban subsidies are currently under debate. Since diesel and petrol are mixed with biofuels, choosing other transportation methods such as walking, cycling or car-sharing can be good ways of reducing palm oil importations (and production) and to help stop deforestation.

5 - Lead by Example and Spread Awareness

If you start adopting the behaviors mentioned above to help stop deforestation you can lead by your example. Teach your family, friends or colleagues what deforestation is and why it is happening, the causes and consequences of deforestation, and what solutions individuals, consumers and organizations can adopt.

A Broader Perspective: How Can We Stop Deforestation?

Apart from people's individual contributions to stop deforestation, from a political and systemic perspective, other more direct and hands-on actions approaches can be taken:

2 - Protecting forested areas by creating laws and policies that ensure forests are kept protected and restored and betting on land practices such as wildfire corridors;

3 - Reforming trade agreements, starting to value differently products obtained through deforestation, and creating incentives for the use of sustainable forestry certifications such as FSC;

4 - Educating local communities and tourists about the need to protect forests and develop and enroll in ecotourism activities.

What Are People Doing to Stop Deforestation?

What is being currently done do stop deforestation? Efforts to replant deforested areas are taking place every day. Unfortunately, some replanting is done with the goal of quickly growing trees to be exploited in the short-term by the logging industry. These often consist of monotypic plantations (less resilient, more appealing to harmful environmental management practices) such as eucalyptus or pines. This is no small effort: there are 1.3 million of these plantations on Earth, according to FAO.

At the same time, efforts to stop deforestation using more ecological management practices are also underway thanks to forest protection NGOs, eco-villages, UN initiatives and workgroups, and national governments such as New Zealand's.
Image credits to deforestation on Shutterstock, trees deforestation on Shutterstock and palm oil deforestation on Shutterstock

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What Is Deforestation? Definition, Causes, Effects and Solutions to Stop it

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What is the definition of deforestation? What are its causes and effects? How to stop deforestation? What animals are affected by deforestation?

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How Does Deforestation Affect the Water Cycle? (February 22, 2022.) Earth Reminder

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How Does Deforestation Affect the Water Cycle? (February 22, 2022.) Earth Reminder

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https://www.earthreminder.com/how-does-deforestation-affect-the-water-cycle/

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How and why is E.O Wilson related to deforestation?

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Behring Natalie (n.d.) Agribusiness & Deforestation Green peace Agribusiness & Deforestation - Greenpeace USA

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https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Deforestation/deforestation_update3.php

title:Causes of Deforestation: Direct Causes(Mar 30, 2007)publisher:nasa

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Dickinson Nigel (n.d.) Deforestation and Forest Degradation WWF

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Some effects: More Co2, More hazards such as land slides, habitat destruction, desertification, unhealthy dirt

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Each tree act water cycle and it affects water cycle balance.
Trees contribute to the transition of water from earthbound liquid to gas in the atmosphere through the transpiration of their leaves. If deforestation decrease the number of trees, the temperature will increase.
(How Does Deforestation Affect the Water Cycle? February 22, 2022)

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logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, mining, oil extraction and dam-building.Infrastructure. ...

Global Influences

Loss of Habitat

Increased Green House Gases

Water in the Atmosphere

Soil erosion and flooding

(Pachamama Alliance, 2024)

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What is an equitable solution for deforestation?

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What is an equitable solution for deforestation?

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Causes: Agriculture, Buying and selling of furniture, Making paper, Industries, Forest Fires,

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My main ideas are saving up for animals even though we cut down some trees. From now, a lot of people cutting down trees and don’t have responsibilities about animals. Even several of them know, some of them didn’t try to save up them. So from now, we need think about how we can cut trees for resource and save up animals?

We need more animal houses. Because if we make more houses for animals, (zoos are ok) they won’t be a lot of animals in forest. Because deforestation steal a lot of animals’ stuff. If they live in the zoo, people give them foods so they don’t need to worry about dying. And if we move animals we don’t need to worry about deforestation. therefore, this idea might good for humans and animals.

Because deforestation causes habitat loss, which makes animals homeless, we should make home for them.

This would help us because we can cut down trees without any worries and animals can live safely. I think this is Liberation solution.

What would new home look like? it looks like a zoo! but make kind of more confutable and put some trees for oxygen. Reason why I think zoos are good, because people give them food, and they don’t need to worry about get eaten by other animals.

Some problems with this solution could be: They will probably hard to understand at beginning. So I think since we start to make home, we should make home like forest.

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Restricting the number of trees that can be cut down according to the tree's rareness. Ex. Only 5 red wood trees can be cut down, while for the apple trees, 10 of them can be cut down. The trees that are not rare-> more trees would be allowed be cut down compared to trees that are rare.

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Are there places that have a lower number of trees compared to other places?

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Are there places that have a lower number of trees compared to other places?

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Mexico, Africa, Indonesia

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Mexico, Bolivia, Australia, Indonesia

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What kinds of trees should be protected more?

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What kinds of trees should be protected more?

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Red Wood Trees, trees that grow in places that have less trees, trees that take time to grow, trees that are rare

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Evergreen Oak, Planatus Mexicana, (The Arboretum, N,D) , The Sandalwood Tree, Damar, (Indoindians, 2021, Sepember 15)

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Places that have a lower amount of trees than other places (Ranking)

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Places that have a lower amount of trees than other places (Ranking)

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Number 1 Botswana-> 8 billion trees. India-> 35 billion trees. Indonesia-> 80 billion trees (Georgette, Kilgore, 2024, January 8)

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Customers are wasting paper because they throw away in the bin and demanded more paper and because of that they cut down more trees to make more paper and because of that less and less trees grow.

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Because the game that we did was deforestation simulation the reason that lots of trees were bing cut down because of the paper industry.

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How dose wasting paper effect deforestation

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How dose wasting paper effect deforestation

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Might grow too much of the trees -> The trees thatis not rare now-> might not have enough compared to the trees that are rare now.

It might cost money growing these trees-> not enough budget Besides, who will pay for growing the trees?

It takes a lot of time to grow

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Every year, around 405 million tonnes of paper and paperboard are produced, totaling rougly 13-15% of total wood consumption. With demand for paper products increasing, global production could double by 2050. Paper production has a significant footprint on the environment. The sector is the fourth largest industry when it comes to energy consumption, and paper production requires a significant amount of water, depending on the efficiency of the mill, and uses more water than other industries such as steel and petrol.

Unsustainable paper production and consumption contributes to deforestation and natural ecosystem degradation in some of the world's most ecologically important places such as Indonesia and Greater Mekong, and to a lesser extent Latin America. It can also exacerbate social conflicts, as non-responsible practices are still widespread in several countries.
What could happen if the majority of the sector continues "business as usual"?

Increasing demand for pulp, paper, and packaging spurs demand for virgin fibers and will increase the need to harvest trees and to establish new plantations. If forests and plantations are not managed sustainably, this will put higher pressure on natural forests.

Conversion of natural ecosystem and land for tree plantations, with the production of pulp, paper and packaging being a main driver of deforestation in several deforestation fronts.

Unsustainable management of tree plantations coupled with certification fatigue.

Increased social impacts (land tenure rights, land-use conflicts, land claims) due to land use management that does not follow adequate social safeguards.

The production of pulp, paper and packaging has undeniable benefits which should not be ignored, such as economic development, improvement in infrastructure, and jobs generation. But it must be sustainable and shift to a low impact production and consumption model that integrates responsible management of plantations and other natural and semi-natural productive forests, pulp and paper processing, conservation, restoration, and leads to improved livelihoods.

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The pulp paper and the need to harvest more trees and not mange stainable and the demand for villein fibers and because of that it will make corporations cut down more trees and because that they are not going be stainable.

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What is an equal solution for deforestation?

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What is an equal solution for deforestation?

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A global rule that applies to all people, for every tree they cut, they have to plant a new one

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A global rule that applies to all people, for every tree they cut, they have to plant a new one

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By making everyone plant a tree when they cut one, the number of trees will never decrease, and the rule is not a limit, so industries that use trees can still survive. They just have to plant lots of trees. It also helps planting trees, become a habit. This way, the trees might even decrease. We can also check if the industries are not cheating, by fixing a camera, and letting the government able to see how many trees there were before, and how many there are now. This way, the government would be able to know if the industries didn't plant any trees. The industries will probably not say any negative comments do this rule, becuase it also has a positive effect for them, which is that they will be able to cut lots of trees without worrying that there will be a loss of supply.

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We research about deforestation. I researched about ‘what is deforestation?’ And ‘how are farmers and ranchers causing deforestation?’. We look at the video and make a team for do project about why did deforestation happen and what is solution. After that team project, we watched the video about the woman lived in the redwood tree for more than 1 years. After video, we played the game which we brought a bunch of stick and leaves. I play that game with Erik but we lost. If we had one more tree… but it. Supposed to be a normal game but there’s been a problem. There was an ultimate troller in our class. That people’s name was GINJIROU TAKEUCHI. He brought 2 slug. We put it back at nature. And we watched video about one strange parrot. I thought it was mutated animal but it wasn’t. Just forest animal. And we discuss about how can we make liberation about deforestation. My opinion was move animals to zoo and make animals house. Then we can cut trees.

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Researching about farmers and rancher it was the first time i did this and because of that it was hard Because it was the firs time so i had to practice and the sitation was hard to do

And we did lot of question about farmers and ranchers

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The people that wont to make money so they cut down trees for paper and because of that the dirt becomes more harder

So water will have no drinking water for people

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The future is about

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How does DEFORSTATION causes Biodiversity loss

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How does DEFORSTATION causes Biodiversity loss

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A: When species lose their forest homes, they are often unable to survive in the fragments of forested land left behind. They become more accessible to hunters and poachers, their numbers dwindle, and some eventually go extinct. Even localized deforestation can result in extinctions as many unique species exist in small, isolated locations.

Tittle: Deforestation and Forest Degradation, (n.d.) publisher : Deforestation and Forest Degradation | Threats | WWE|

By soyun