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Transformation of building by BETA and Elisabeth Boersma

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Transformation of building by BETA and Elisabeth Boersma

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Formerly the Ru Paré Primary School, the Ru Paré Community Center has become the hope for the neighborhood of Slotervaart which was once plagued with many social problems. BETA, which is an Amsterdam-based office for architecture, urban-design, and research, partnered with Elisabeth Boersma to transform the building to house everything the community needs while also feeling like one's living room. The community center and former schools' namesake, Ru Paré, was an "iconic resistance hero," a painter, and a fighter. She saved the lives of 52 Jewish children during World War II. The Community Center website states, "For us, she is a living example of self-evident commitment and active citizenship. A source of inspiration not to give up when it comes to solidarity and to continue to look out for the most vulnerable in society."

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"SUCH AN ENDLESS DESIRE FOR FRIENDSHIP" is inscribed on one of the three pink triangles that forms the larger triangle of this monument commemorating all LGBTQIA+ who were murdered and persecuted during World War II in the Netherlands and those around the world today who are still being persecuted for their identities. The artist chose three triangles specifically to represent the past, present and the future while the pink triangle itself is significant because homosexuals were required to wear a pink triangle badge just as Jews were required to wear the Star of David badge during the Holocaust.

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By partially following the outline of the former Jewish boys' orphanage, artist Otto Treumann writes: "THESE WORDS DEFINE THE PLACE WHERE IN 1738 THE JEWISH BOY ORPHANAGE MEFADLE JETHOMIEM WAS BUILT AND SINCE 1965 HIS BLESSING WORK DID, UNTIL MARCH 1943 WHEN THE GERMAN OCCUPIERS DEPORTED THE BOYS. THREE VOLUNTEERS AND ALMOST ONE HUNDRED CHILDREN WERE DEPORTED TOWARDS SOBIBOR EXTERMINATION CAMP. NO ONE RETURNED. THEIR MEMORY FOR BLESSING."

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This monument was erected to commemorate the memory of Anne Frank, a 15 year old young girl who was murdered in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during the Holocaust and who is famous for the diary she kept about her experiences in hiding in the annex located around the corner from this monument. There is a quote written on the marker in front of the monument that reads: "I know what I want, I have a goal, an opinion, I have a religion and love. Let me be myself and then I am satisfied." - Anne Frank.
The artist, Mari Andriessen, was chosen for this project because of his ties to aiding Jewish people in hiding during the Second World War and for using his studio as a weapons depot for the Dutch resistance.

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"A person is only forgotten when his or her name is forgotten"

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"A person is only forgotten when his or her name is forgotten"

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- Artist: Gunter Denmig

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According to Wolkers, ever since Auschwitz the sky has been broken. This is why he chose broken mirrors on the ground for this monument, so that they would reflect a broken sky. There are 6 different panes of broken mirrors, each to represent 1 million Jews, for a total of 6 million Jews who were murdered during the Holocaust. Part of the text next to the monument reads, "this is a place of remembrance and grief, of guilt and repentance, a warning for all generations throughout the world."

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This monument can be found in the former Jewish Quarter of Amsterdam. The odd shape of this monument is to represent the Hebrew script that reads "in memory of" from a bird's-eye view. The 6-foot tall brick walls feature more than 102,000 names of victims who were killed during the Holocaust. Each named brick also includes the date of birth and age at death of every victim, ranging from an infant to an elderly individual. The use of bricks was chosen to represent Amsterdam and Dutch culture's past while the use of reflective mirrors was chosen to represent the present by literally using reflections.

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Het ontwerp voor het Holocaust Namenmonument Nederland

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This German artist created "Stolpersteine," which translates to "Stumbling Stones," based on Jewish mourning traditions with the hopes of connecting both the past and present through this global art project. The point of these 3.9 in. diameter copper-colored stones is to make the public literally 'stumble' upon a Jewish individual or family who gravely suffered the Nazi party's persecution and extermination. These stones are placed in pavement directly outside of the last known place of residence of the victims. The hope of these small monuments is to never forget the individual lives of the thousands of Jews who resided in Amsterdam and in 23 other countries worldwide.

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English Translation:
(top left)
"HERE LIVED
OTTO FRANK
DOB (born), 1889
HIDDEN July 6, 1942
ARRESTED August 4, 1944
DEPORTED FROM WESTERBORK
AUSCHWITZ
SURVIVED"

(top right)
"HERE LIVED
EDITH FRANK-HOLLANDER
DOB (born), 1900
HIDDEN July 6, 1942
ARRESTED August 4, 1944
DEPORTED FROM WESTERBORK
MURDERED January 6, 1945
AUSCHWITZ"

(bottom left)
"HERE LIVED
MARGOT FRANK
DOB (born), 1926
HIDDEN July 6, 1942
ARRESTED August 4, 1944
DEPORTED FROM WESTERBORK
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED MARCH 1945

BERGEN - BELSEN"

(bottom right)
"HERE LIVED
ANNE FRANK
DOB (born), 1929
HIDDEN July 6, 1942
ARRESTED August 4, 1944
DEPORTED FROM WESTERBORK
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED MARCH 1945

BERGEN - BELSEN"

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Part of Jewish mourning tradition is to place a stone, rock, or pebble at gravesites. Every corridor of this whole monument is lined with stones to represent keeping a loved one's memory alive.

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Discussion Questions about Former Dutch-Israeli Orphanage for Boys Monument

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Discussion Questions about Former Dutch-Israeli Orphanage for Boys Monument

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1. Is this type of monument design and it's size significant enough for the commemoration of what happened here? Is it representative of the importance of remembering the victims and the 3 caregiver heroes?
2. If it is known that 3 caregivers volunteered to go with the boys to the concentration camp, why is there not more information given at the monument? Are their names known? Were they Jewish as well?
3. The lack of color and height with the design of this monument can cause it to easily be missed by the public. Why wouldn't the artist choose to create a monument that is more easily seen?

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Discussion Questions about Auschwitz Monument

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Discussion Questions about Auschwitz Monument

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1. What is the significance (or insignificance) of the placement of this monument, on a large scale of being in Amsterdam and on a smaller scale specifically in relation to the amount of tree coverage above it?
2. Does the size and scale of this monument - including 6 panes for mirrors - aid in the importance of the commemoration of the monument?
3. For the design of this monument, regular upkeep and maintenance are needed for the full effect. What are ways to improve upon the design to naturally allow for cleanliness that would not involve human interference?

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1. What might the artist have been trying to convey in using a pink triangle - a symbol of standing out during the war - in the creation of the monument's design?
2. How does the size, scale, and color of this monument affect it's significance and importance of the commemoration?
3. Because of the relative size of this monument, parts of the whole might be missed by the public. Would this affect the significance and meaning behind the monument at all?

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Discussion Questions about Stumbling Stones Monuments

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Discussion Questions about Stumbling Stones Monuments

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1. Is this type of monument and it's small size representative of the significance and importance of remembering victims of the Holocaust in the city of Amsterdam?
2. When translated, the Stumbling Stones either say the word "survived" or "murdered." What is the impact of using this type of language?
3. What do you think about the concept of 'stumbling' upon a monument?

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Discussion Questions about Ru Paré Community Center

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Discussion Questions about Ru Paré Community Center

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1. Why and how is the Ru Paré Community Center considered a monument?
2. Why did the architects choose to keep the building as a commemoration of Ru Paré specifically?
3. Ru Paré was not well-known for being outspoken during the war. A lot of her fighting was hidden and done in secret. Does the design of the building reflect, honor, and bring attention to her personality and sacrifice?

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Local Authority Amsterdam. (2018). Memorial former Dutch-Israelite boys orphanage. Outdoor Art Amsterdam. https://amsterdam.kunstwacht.nl/kunstwerken/bekijk/1487-gedenkteken-voormalig-nederlands-israelitisch-jongensweeshuis

Van Eig, E. (n.d.). Memorial Megadlé Jethomien. Memorial Megadl Jethomien - Amsterdam - TracesOfWar.com. https://www.tracesofwar.com/sights/7606/Memorial-Megadl%C3%A9-Jethomien.htm

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Local Authority Amsterdam. (2018). Auschwitz Monument. Outdoor Art Amsterdam. https://amsterdam.kunstwacht.nl/kunstwerken/bekijk/1522-auschwitz-monument

Terhorst, T. (n.d.). Mirror Memorial for Auschwitz. Mirror Memorial for Auschwitz - Amsterdam - TracesOfWar.com. https://www.tracesofwar.com/sights/217/Mirror-Memorial-for-Auschwitz.htm

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Homomonument Foundation. (n.d.). Homomonument. https://www.homomonument.nl/

Local Authority Amsterdam. (2018). Homomonument. Outdoor Art Amsterdam. https://amsterdam.kunstwacht.nl/kunstwerken/bekijk/1576-homomonument

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BETA Office for Architecture and the City. (2022, October 5). Ru Paré Community. BETA. https://beta-office.com/project/ru-pare-community-center/

Willems, W. (n.d.). Who was Ru Paré. Ru Paré Community Center. https://rupare.nl/wie-was-ru-pare/

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Discussion Questions about Anne Frank Monument

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Discussion Questions about Anne Frank Monument

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1. In what ways does the relative size of this monument create emotional connections to whom it commemorates?
2. It is said that Anne Frank is depicted to be around 10 years old in this statue. What does her youth, her stance, her head position and her facial expression specifically chosen by the artist convey?
3. Why isn't this monument directly in front of the Anne Frank House Museum? Is there any significance in having it around the corner from where she was hidden?

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Jewish Cultural Quarter. (2019). Stumbling stones: Remembrance and Social Sculpture. STUMBLING STONES: REMEMBRANCE AND SOCIAL SCULPTURE - Jewish Cultural Quarter. https://jck.nl/en/exhibition/stumbling-stones-remembrance-and-social-sculpture

Weiler, L. (2023, April 4). Bits of the Benelux: Stumbling upon Holocaust history. www.army.mil. https://www.army.mil/article/265464/bits_of_the_benelux_stumbling_upon_holocaust_history

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Local Authority Amsterdam. (2018). Anne Frank. Outdoor Art Amsterdam. https://amsterdam.kunstwacht.nl/kunstwerken/bekijk/1565-anne-frank

Ruppenstein, A. (2023, February 3). Anne Frank Memorial. The Historical Marker Database. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=134951

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Discussion Questions about Holocaust Name Monument

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Discussion Questions about Holocaust Name Monument

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1. What impact does the interesting design and use of various materials have on the significance and importance of this monument? How many different ways can this monument be viewed by the public?
2. Both the Stumbling Stones and Name Monuments allow viewers to physically touch the names of victims of the Holocaust. Does this add an additional element to the monuments? Is it necessary for an emotional connection to the monuments?
3. Artist Daniel Libeskind is the son of Holocaust survivors. Is his personal connection to the event seen in the design of this monument? Without the personal connection, do you think he would have curated the same design?

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Local Authority Amsterdam. (2021). Holocaust Names Memorial. Outdoor Art Amsterdam. https://amsterdam.kunstwacht.nl/kunstwerken/bekijk/24569-holocaust-namenmonument

Netherlands Auschwitz Committee. (n.d.). Dutch Holocaust Memorial of Names. Holocaust Namenmonument Nederland. https://www.holocaustnamenmonument.nl/en/holocaust-memorial-of-names/dutch-holocaust-memorial-of-names/