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Lecturer: an example of gender norms are behaviours expected of men and women in your society. For instance women are normally homemakers while men are considered the breadwinners

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Lecturer: an example of gender norms are behaviours expected of men and women in your society. For instance women are normally homemakers while men are considered the breadwinners

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Lecturer: disparities are inequalities that exist between boys and girls in a society. For instance literacy rate is higher in boys than girls

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Lecturer: disparities are inequalities that exist between boys and girls in a society. For instance literacy rate is higher in boys than girls

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In Cameroon, women are expected to be not to focus on their career, they should instead be more family focused, for example, a woman who leaves her family to study abroad is sometimes misregarded whereas a man can go abroad and even spend 10 years and nobody will see it as a problem

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boys are automatically thoughts to be intelligent while girls have to prove themselves
Girls are incriminated for being impregnated early while boys are being celebrated to impregnate a girl
Boys are easily recruited in jobs especially in the private/religious sector
Sometimes women are asked to pause their career to raise children while men are always being pushed forward to continue their career.

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In Kenya, Politics is for Men not women, Women should cook, bear children and take care of them, whereas men should not be held accountable. Men are polygamous in nature while women are monogamous by norms.

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Men occupy leadership positions, whereas women are subordinates
Men are disciplinarians in the family whereas women are the comforters.
Men are the providers whereas women are homemakers

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In the provincial areas all males in the hospital are regarded as doctors whereas all the female are seen as nurses.
Boys are seen as more academically astute whereas girls are seen through the eye of marriage.

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Males

·       Head of the house and protector of his family

·       Financial provider of the household

·       Take managerial roles in most institutions

Females

·       Raising children and taking care of them

·       Cook, clean and do most of the housework

·       Take a subordinate role in most institutions, despite her level of education and experience

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In Ethiopia boys are more active in outdoor sports activities and are encouraged to pursue a career as an athlete, football player etc..          Girls on the other hand are shamed for participating in sports and such type of career is assumed to interfere with the fertility potential of the woman

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·         Plowing is thought to be a man's job only.

·         Many cultures adopt a hierarchy of food consumption among households with limited food resources, which prevents women at the bottom of the hierarchy from eating a balanced diet.

·         In many rural places, women's freedom to roam about in safety and security is constrained.

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Lillian; Among many Kenyan communities, girls' virginity is highly valued to preserve honor to the family. As a result, unmarried pregnant/parenting girls are stigmatized and discriminated.

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Lillian; Among many Kenyan communities, girls' virginity is highly valued to preserve honor to the family. As a result, unmarried pregnant/parenting girls are stigmatized and discriminated.

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Lillian: Education retention rate in class 8 is higher for boys (78.9%) compared to girls (77.0%) Kenya Economic Survey,2017.

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Lillian: Education retention rate in class 8 is higher for boys (78.9%) compared to girls (77.0%) Kenya Economic Survey,2017.

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Boy should marry later to manage the home; girl should marry sooner to have a husband.
Women couldn't travel very far on their own, but men can.

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gender norms, values, and practices expected of males.
- Heads of households
- Must ensure the safety and protection of the family
- Cattle keeping
- construction

gender norms, values, and practices expected of females.

- Taking care of the family members by preparing food/cooking
- housekeeping
- Raising and taking of children

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HIV

HIV prevalence is 2.2% among men while it was 3.7% among women aged 15-64 years. This prevalence differs by wealth quartile and is predominantly high among women; lowest (2.2% among men compared to 3.1 in women) , Second quartile (1.6% in men compared to 2.8% in women), Middle quartile (2.3% in male compared to 3.2% in female), forth quartile (2.4% in men compared to 4.7% in female), and Highest quartile (2.5% in men compared to 4.7% in female.

Furthermore HIV prevalence was approximately two or more times greater in older adolescent girls and young women (ages 15-24 years) compared to older adolescent boys and young men.

○      10-14 years: 0.3% in males; 0.5% in females

○      15-19 years: 0.4% in males; 0.8% in females

○      20-24 years: 0.6% in males; 1.8% in females

Sexual violence

According to the 2019, the 23% of women and 6% of men age 15-49 have ever experienced sexual violence. 8% of women and 1% of men have experienced sexual violence in the past 12 months.

Spousal violence

47% of ever-married women age 15-49 have ever experienced spousal violence, whether physical or sexual or emotional, committed by their current or most recent husband/partner, and 30% have experienced spousal violence in the past 12 months.

21% of ever-married men age 15-49 have ever experienced spousal violence, whether physical or sexual or emotional, committed by their current or most recent wife/partner, and 13% have experienced spousal violence in the past 12 months.

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Men can determine the number of babies/family size but women can not, women can not allowed to move alone but men/boys can, only girls/women are expected to go for shopping, women/girls can not participate as negotiator for peace talking between two individual/parties conflict etc

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1. Women are not expected to express their feeling but men do
2. Girls can not choose their future husbands but boys can choose their wives
3. Women are expected to do both outdoor and indoor (inside home) tasks but men only do outdoor. Eg If both of them are working as primary school teachers, a woman will do as teacher, taking care of children at home, cooking, etc but a man does only teaching activity.