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Encephalopathy is a medical word that means a problem with the brain. It happens when the brain is damaged or does not work accurately. This can be caused by infections, loss of oxygen, liver or kidney diseases, or even some poisons.

People with encephalopathy may feel confused, have trouble thinking clearly, or even become unconscious. Some may also have problems with movement or speaking.

Doctors treat encephalopathy by finding and fixing the cause. For example, if a person has it because of an infection, they may get medicine to fight the infection.

By: The Teacher

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Depression is a mental disorder characterized primarily by sadness and discouragement. It happens when the person has gone through traumatic or stressful situations such as the loss of a loved one.

People with depression may often feel sad or anxious and they also experience feelings of guilt.They also don´t want to do activities they once found enjoyable and are constantly reminded of past failures.

Doctors treat milder depression with psychological counseling by having the patient talk about their problems,although more severe depression is treated with medication and psychological help.

By: Laura Ruiz Martín.

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DID is a word that is associated with personality changes. I t often develops as a defense mechanism against severe trauma experienced in childhood. The person´s mind splits to cope with extreme pain.

Main symptoms:

Presence of multiple identities, each one may have its own unique story, voice, and way of behaving.

Memory loss, the person forgets important events in their life, as if they have``blackouts´´

Disconnection from reality, they may feel as if they are daydreaming.

Difficulty recalling important information, they have to make an huge effort.

Change in speech or behaviour depending on the active iddentity.By, Pablo

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Epilepsy, ia a brain disaster, whose a person has convulsions during a time. It´s caused by a brain and electrical activity chaos.

During that convulsions, you must put a spoon in the person tongue. And after that episodes, the person loss the memory , and you have to recall every think before of the episode.

This episodes, happen because the brain tissue was burned and the brain cellules sent electrical and unsual sings, this normally, this reasons are unknow; But the epylepsy, isn't only convulsions, the lack is a type of epilepsy yet. If you has only a convulsion, haven't to a epilepsy. When you have a epilepsy, you mustn't drink, alcohol, cafeine, and after of crisis, you mustn't drive and your licence will retirement. You can't travel by plane

When a person going to has a crisis, not is notable by that but is notable by another people of your family, like your wife, husban, mother or father.

Thank to the medicine improve, we have a pills for this

By: Alexandra Martín Zayas

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OCD is an anxiety disorder where the person has repetitive thoughts and performs behaviors or rituals to relieve anxiety.

It is caused by a combination of genetic, biological (such as imbalances in neurotransmitters), and environmental factors (such as stress or trauma).

People with OCD feel anxiety, frustration, and shame from intrusive thoughts and sudden, repetitive rituals. They often feel trapped and may become isolated due to difficulty controlling their compulsions.

OCD is mainly treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), especially with the exposure and response prevention technique, and medication (SSRI antidepressants) to reduce symptoms. It is important to receive professional help for proper treatment.

By: Celia

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Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that can cause intense mood swings: You may sometimes feel extremely "excited," euphoric, irritable, or energetic. This is known as manic episode

Other times you may feel depressed, sad, indifferent or hopeless. This is called a depressive episode

You may have manic and depressive symptoms at the same time, also known as a mixed episode.

Along with mood changes, bipolar disorder causes changes in behavior, energy levels, and activity levels.

Bipolar disorder used to have other names, such as manic depression and maniacodepressive disorder.

There are 3 types of bipolar disorder, from the least intense to the most powerful and lasting.

Doctors treat bipolar disorder with medication, psychotherapy and various treatment options.

By: Mariana

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that some people can develop after experiencing or a traumatic event.

It is likely that this episode is life-threatening, such as war, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault.

However, sometimes the event isn't necessarily life-threatening, such us, the sudden loss of a loved person one might also cause PTSD.

It's normal to feel fear during and after a traumatic event, this is the body's way of protecting itself from potential danger. Over time, this feeling goes away, as people are concious of the disappearance of the threat, but people with PTSD don't feel better. They feel stressed and scared long after the trauma is over, a fealing that boost. In some cases, PTSD symptoms may begin later. They may also come and go over time.

By Carmen

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Here are some tips you can follow to help you memorize quickly.

1. When, for example, you're reading a definition and it's in a box, you should read the box several times and then say it aloud without reading it. If you haven't learned it yet, you must read it again until you memorize it. Keep in mind that you can't read it alone; you must understand what you're reading. This will boost your ability to recall information accurately.

2. Another way is to copy it. If, for example, you have to study vocabulary, you could copy the word and its meaning several times. Writing things down by hand might make it easier for you to learn them by heart.

3. Another way is to make summaries and outlines that will help you understand and learn them. This is a good method, as it can make studying more efficient. If you organize your notes well, you will be more likely to recognize key concepts and recall them later.

4. Another method: you shouldn't memorize everything at once. You must rest, because otherwise, it will be much more difficult. You need to take breaks and continue. This will help prevent mental fatigue and could improve your ability to focus.

5. Last but not least, you mustn't leave everything until the last day. You ought to start studying early. Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today. Making an effort in advance will lead to a more powerful understanding of the material.

By: Fernando

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Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly causes (in each case time varies) the loss of memory and ability to think and, over time, the ability to perform even the simplest tasks such as remembering your family members. People with Alzheimer’s also experience changes in behavior and personality.

The symptoms of Alzheimer’s changes in thinking,

remembering, reasoning and behaving are known as dementia. For this reason, Alzheimer’s is often confused with dementia, but you have to know that Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia. Other diseases a can also cause dementia, but Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause in older people.

What causes the disease?

-Changes in the brain related to

age as shrinkage.

-It could be hereditary

- Health or lifestyle factors

Program to boost the brain and slow down this NueronUP disorder:

José Antonio Silva a specialist in neurology made a program that should make all people with this disease or another type of dementia since it has a high scientific effectiveness, this consists of

-Sequence of daily tasks

-Identify the letter

-Relate characteristics

-Accurate payments

And more neurologically stimulating exercises

And now something more subjective is that it is may one of the diseases that most affects the family of the victim since you think that one day you will see your grandfather or grandmother and is unable to recall your name. But thinking about that the victim almost do not know what has or does not see their own changes because it is one of the few diseases that affects your environment more than yourself

By:Manuel C

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally inappropriate.

Some symptoms can be:

Inattention,hyperactivity,disinhibition,executive dysfunction,emotional dysregulation,impulsivity and impaired working memory, also academic dificulties are frequent as problems with relationships.

It normally begins before the age of 12.

People with ADHD need to do a incredible effort to concentrate in one thing so they normally are as day dreaming during all the day and normally they lose thing they need to do homeworks, also they usually don´t remember the activities they have to do.

They also often have troubles sitting during class or meetings...

And they usually answer questions before it is finished or they finish people´s sentences or they talk to much.

And ADHD arises from maldevelopment in brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex, which regulate the executive functions necessary for human self-regulation.

By Jorge

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Eating disorders can be serious illnesses that affects mental health and phisical health. Obviously, this mustn´t be seen as something positive.

These conditions may involve distorted thoughts about food, eating habits, weight, and body image, as well as unhealthy eating behaviors.

If these disorders are not treated well, they could turn into chronic problems and, in some cases, they may lead to death.

People with these disorders should make an effort to overcome them.

This can led to dangerous eating behaviors.

Those behaviors may also affect seriously the body´s ability to get the nutrition that it need.

With the appropriate treatment, you can recover healthier habits and learn better ways to think about food and your body.

By: Manuel Álvarez

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The Cotard syndrome, also known as nihilistic delusion, is a rare mental disorder where the affected individual firmly believes that they are dead, do not exist, or that their internal organs are decaying. This disorder may be associated primarily with severe depression and other psychiatric or neurological conditions. Symptoms could include this fixed delusional belief along with depression, social isolation, and a possible loss of interest in self-care. Diagnosis would be clinical, and treatment typically involves a combination of medication (antidepressants and antipsychotics) and, in some severe cases, electroconvulsive therapy.

By: Ivan

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Neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), is a rare and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative condition caused by prions—misfolded proteins that trigger abnormal folding in other proteins within the brain. This leads to severe brain damage, resulting in rapid cognitive decline and neurological dysfunction. There are several forms of CJD, including sporadic, familiar, iatrogenic, and variant CJD. The symptoms generally involve rapid memory loss, motor difficulties, visual disturbances, and behavioral changes, progressing quickly over a period of weeks to months. As the disease advances, patients may experience seizures and myoclonus (involuntary muscle jerks), and ultimately, the disease leads to death, usually within a year of symptom onset.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the rapid onset of cognitive and neurological symptoms, supported by MRI imaging, cerebrospinal fluid tests (such as elevated 14-3-3 protein), and EEG patterns. Although there is no cure for CJD, treatment focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms, such as pain management, anti-seizure medications, and physical therapy to maintain mobility. The prognosis for prion diseases is poor, with a fatal outcome typically within a year of the onset of symptoms. Prevention of iatrogenic CJD involves strict medical protocols for sterilizing surgical instruments, while avoiding consumption of BSE-contaminated beef products can help prevent variant CJD.

By: Ayza