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1830s-1920s

Movement focuses on:

Property rights​

Political rights (right to vote)

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Seneca Falls Convention in 1848: three hundred people rallied to the cause of equality for women. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (d.1902) drafted the Seneca Falls Declaration outlining the new movement's ideology and political strategies.

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"Ain't I a Woman?" Sojourner Truth in 1851 at the Women's Convention in Akron, Ohio

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Between 1903 and 1914, the Suffragette movement used radical protest tactics and a creative publicity campaign to demand women’s right to vote in the UK. “Deeds not words” was their motto, and over 1,300 women went to prison for the cause.

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Suffragettes vs Suffragists: Did violent protest get women the vote?

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1918, UK: Representation of the People Act gave the vote to women, so long as they were over the age of 30 and were either:

a property owner

a graduate voting in a university constituency

a member or married to a member of the local government register (which lists who can vote in local elections)

Representation of the People 1928 Act: widened suffrage by giving women electoral equality with men.

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Suffragettes, like Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst and Emily Wilding Davison, fought a militant campaign for women’s right to vote in the UK.

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1960s-1980s

Focus on:

Legal, Economic, Social rights​

Sexuality ​

Reproductive rights

Workplace

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1970: Equal Pay Act in the UK

The Equal Pay Act made it illegal to pay women less than men for the same work. This was a significant victory for the feminist movement in Britain, though the fight for true pay equality continues today.

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Unlike the first wave of feminism, which was generally propelled by middle class, Western, cisgender, white women, the second phase drew in women seeking sisterhood and solidarity.

Second wave feminists argued that "Women's struggle is class struggle."

Feminists spoke of women as a social class and coined phrases such as "the personal is political" and "identity politics" in an effort to demonstrate that race, class, and gender oppression are all related.

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The personal is political - explained

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The political is personal, and the personal is political

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1990s-2000s

Focus on:

Pay disparity​

Everyday violence​

Intersectionality

Reproductive rights

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Third-wave feminism began focusing on intersectionality, recognizing that women's experiences vary based on race, class, religion, and other factors. This wave emphasized individual empowerment and challenged gender stereotypes.

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2000s-today

Focus on:

Mobilising the movement online: #metoo and the internet​

Applying intersectionality: trans rights, BLM, ecofeminism, disabilities, reproductive rights...

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The urgency of intersectionality | Kimberlé Crenshaw | TED

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Though originally created by Tarana Burke in 2006, the #MeToo movement gained global momentum in 2017, sparking worldwide conversations about sexual harassment and assault. This movement represents a pivotal moment in fourth-wave feminism.

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Tarana Burke On How The #MeToo Movement Started And Where It’s Headed

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2020: Record Number of Women in Politics

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2020: Record Number of Women in Politics

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A milestone year for women in politics globally, with record numbers of women in national parliaments and Kamala Harris becoming the first woman, first Black person, and first Asian American to serve as U.S. Vice President.