# data[].attributes.headline
Anonymous, Plus bele que flor/Quant revient/L’aurier jouer/FLOS FILIUS”

# data[].attributes.subject
Anonymous, Plus bele que flor/Quant revient/L’aurier jouer/FLOS FILIUS”

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Medieval era (600-1400)

No specific published date

Culture/genre of time

Early on White Western religious christian music

TAGS

Symbolizes of love, #Courtly love]

Classic story of prince and princess

Draws on #Religious] chants and styles

Specifically the Latin plainchant

#Polyphonic texture]

Allowed for multiple perspectives, all centred around the same idea, in this case courtly love,

perspectives included the latin plainchant section, Pastourelle/"motetus", Mays voice/"Triplum", Personal devotion/"quadruplum"

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Romantic era (1800-1900)

Published roughly in 1804-1808

Culture/genre of time

Western classical music

TAGS

#Famous Rhythm

Short-Short-Long, one of the most famous motifs in all of classical history

#Hearing loss

Beethoven is well known for his hearing loss during which he still conducted and composed

Musical #influence

Influenced Brahms, Wagner, and many more, known as one of the best

#The romantic composer/ #romantic style

Known as the father of the romantic era, with his expressive forms of music, and the symbolism behind his struggle through hearing loss

Presentational

Made for concerts to be live preformed in front of audience

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Published with Album "Lemonade" in 2016

Culture/genre of time

Western pop-music

TAGS

Social justice: #African American women rights]

Emphasized in the title hold up, and talk about through lyrics about a relationship with a man, alluding to also overall women's rights (Theme of empowerment, resilience and women power)

#Not for live performance]

A non presentation form/no live audience

#Syncopation] used

Reggae inspired, with its free flowing form it makes for a interesting rhythm one that's off beat

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Romantic era (1800-1900)

Published through 1855-1876

Culture/genre of time

Western classical music

TAGS

#Rhythmic borrowing]

Borrowing of the Ode to Joy them and rhythm from Beethovens 9th symphony

#Alphorn theme]

Specific timbre of the alphorn horn

#Presentational

Made for concerts to be live preformed in front of audience

#Hanslick on Brahms]

A critique of Brahms, spoke very high of him, thought he was Beethovens heir, with his art form of music (Contrapuntal art, Beautiful breath of melodies, noble seriousness etc)

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Also fits a contemporary era, the Hip-hop era (1973-now)

Published in 2016

Culture/genre of time

Western hip-hop alternative music

TAGS

Drawing on #Religious] themes and sounds

Inspired by the church/god (Referenced god in lyrics), specifically the gospel (Emphasized in the up beat rhythms)

#Intertwining genres]

drawing on church/gospel, pop, and hip-hop style and genre

more specifically having a gospel swing with a modern hip-hop rhythm (Fast Ruth, with slow-syncopated)

#Pauses] in song

These passes are to lead into when the instrumentals stop and its just vocal, indicating a single voice/story to be heard

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Modern era (1900-1960)

Published in 1924

Culture/genre of time

Western idea of jazz

TAGS

#Rhythmic and genre borrowing/copying]

George Gershwin thought that the music genre Jazz, native to the African American peoples of New Orleans, was not there's to have, so he claimed it as his, thinking that it would be better with a western classical twist

#Popular beginning]

A very popular glissando at the beginning, and the specific timbre of the clarinet

#Free form]

Lacks clear form, specifically referring to the traditional sonata classical form

#Presentational, in both music and movie theatre]

Although most recognized for being premiered to a live audience, this piece was also used in a films such as the Disney film Anastasia

# data[].attributes.headline
Franz Joseph Haydn, String Quartet Op. 33 No. 2, iv

# data[].attributes.subject
Franz Joseph Haydn, String Quartet Op. 33 No. 2, iv

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Classical Era (1730-1800)

Published in 1781

Culture of music

Western Classical music

TAGS

#"The Joke"]

Also known as, "The Joke", based on the surprising end of the piece

#Presentational

Made for concerts to be live preformed in front of audience, if it wasn't a presentational form, the whole alluring idea of the joke wouldn't be the same, and the performers and especially Hayden wouldn't get the reaction he wanted from the audience.

#Rondo Form]

The specific rondo form/ABACA form, which is very traditional to the classical genre, leads the audience on, as people expect it to have a big finish as commonly heard, but ends surprisingly.

The specific texture of the focus on the main melody/ violin 1 also leads audience on

# data[].attributes.headline
K'naan ft. Residente, Riz MC & Snow Tha Product, "Immmigrants," The Hamilton Mixtape

# data[].attributes.subject
K'naan ft. Residente, Riz MC & Snow Tha Product, "Immmigrants," The Hamilton Mixtape

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Published in 2016

Culture/genre of time

Based on the musical Hamilton, adds a level of African American culture and hip-hop

TAGS

#Rhythmic borrowing] and harmonic borrowing

Rhythmic copying from Latin musics: Clave rhythms

#Inclusive/diverse artists incorporated]

Brings in a more diverse and larger audience from all the other composer individual following, specifically Guest artists RizMC, Resendente, Snow tha Product,
K’Naan who are Hip-hop artists who are also immigrants or children of immigrants

#Immigrant rights]

This song acts as mouthpieces for the dis-enfranchised and marginalized groups, more specifically, Immigrants of all cultures, and there voices are heard through the Mixtape which represents the underground resistance culture these Immigrants use to share their stories

#Non-British]

Fights the style originating in the US, the British style, rebelling against it, which is key to diversifying and changing what it means to be "American"

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the PostModern era (1960-now)

Published in 1974

Culture/genre of time

Experiment, social experiment for music

TAGS

#Participatory

No specific musical roles, anyone can join

#Lacking clear form]

No melody, harmony, and form- all needed for a structured piece

#Polyphonic

Multiple different sounds going on

#Validating social institutions/norms]

Idea of listening and tuning to your neighbour to create one sound

# data[].attributes.headline
Lin-Manuel Miranda, "Battle of Yorktown," Hamilton: An American Musical

# data[].attributes.subject
Lin-Manuel Miranda, "Battle of Yorktown," Hamilton: An American Musical

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Published in 2015

Culture/genre of time

Western Theatre culture, with a cultured twist

TAGS

#Musical theatre style]

Speech like song, free flowing, sung or rapped through, reflecting in its musical theatre like form (Verse, chorus, ensemble section)

#Inclusive representation]

Non-white actors play roles of historical figures in American founding history

#Religious]

Draws on gospel and show tunes, specifically for ensemble numbers

#African American rights]

Uses hip hop and rap style, casting Hamilton as a modern African American activist

Intertextual references and sampling reinforce the idea of immigrants as the "True Americans"

Performers represent underrepresented groups

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Romantic era (1800-1900)

Published in 1888

Culture/genre of time

Western Classical music

TAGS

#Transcending era]

Thought to have transcended current era, and gone to future music era specifically the Modern era (next era- 1900-1960)

#Solo performance]

A solo piano piece, one which by itself transcends time, adding to its prestige, based on time, solo romantic pieces weren't that common, very expressive mass symphony's were common, not common to have solo piano pieces during time

Also a performance piece, meant to played in front of an audience

#Jean Cocteau critiques]

Deep admiration for Satie and his style of work, recognizing his role in influencing modern music and his contribution to breaking away from the traditional structures of his time

“Clear in their form and melancholy feeling” Cocteau on Satie

#Minimalistic] approach

Was admired most for his very minimalistic style, which was represented in this piece, as the melody and chords are very repetitive yet enticing.

#Rubato]

Rubato is long and stretched melodies, very common to the romantic era which was known for expressive melodies

# data[].attributes.headline
John Williams “Force Theme” from Star Wars and “Main Theme” from Star Wars

# data[].attributes.subject
John Williams “Force Theme” from Star Wars and “Main Theme” from Star Wars

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Published in 1977 with film

Culture/genre of time

Western Sci-fi film music

TAGS

#Storytelling]

Leaps in rhythm illustrate a certain story

ex. Leaps in brass= main theme, leaps in horn= Skywalker theme

#Background music]

Although without this music, the film itself wouldn't have the same effect, the music was made for the film and is played as background behind the film, therefor its background for the movie series

#Composer makes music after film]

Responsible for fixing editing problems with pacing, or communication, making it non-specific, "neutral" material for easy expansion/editing

#Pressure to perform]

Performers are contracted to maximize time efficiency, brings in a level of perfection for filing and maximizing it for the film in stead of a audience (More things to consider, like playing lower or softer and other things like that)

# data[].attributes.body
Time

genre, therefore no specific time release

Culture/genre of time

A Balinese war dance, Balinese Gamelan played in the back with all levels of Balinese culture displayed, dance rituals/dance only preformed by men

TAGS

#Warrior dance]

Specific dance that the dancer performs while the Gamelan plays, the dancing itself is mostly improvised and is meant to represent the warriors protecting their king in battle

#Ritual Baris]

This specific type of Paris is one which is only preformed by a select few villages, and is only to be preformed during temple ceremonies, cremations and full moon rituals

#History]

This dance incorporates strong heritage and history, culture (With their rational warrior dress and representation with weapons, and finally with their deep rooted traditions and rituals which this is played for

#Presentational]

This piece had a purpose of performance, and was also played for an audience, but traditionally was made for specific purposes

Validating social institutions + #religious rituals]

Strong routed religious ties for the purpose of rituals

contribute to the continuity + #Stability of culture]

This is a very traditional dance for the balinese peoples, one which has a very long history, and is important for the stability of their rituals and everyday practices

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Culture/genre of time

This song is played by the Balinese Gamelan ensemble

TAGS

#Enculturation]

Balinese Gamelan is more than just music, it is a way off expression and representation of the culture and lives growing up

#Performance/presentational/rehearsal style ]

This specific style was never just rehearsed just individually, it brings in an idea of a one sound emphasized by this style of music, and was preformed in front of an audience in a presentation form to help these kids get them more comfortable with making mistakes, leading to a more confident playing style, but also shows the idea of a tight culture and community. Also brings in a different performance structure, different from a traditional orchestra per say where everyone is in a cycle sitting down, leading to a more connected front

#Ombak]

The shimmering sound which is identifiable due to the different shimmering sounds from the Lower and higher pitched sounds

#Gong cycle]

Organized sound of all the instruments In the gamelan which come together to form patterns, leading to the gong cycle

#Spiritual/religious ties]

To the Balienese people, their instrument is more than just a musical instrument, its a spiritual connection

# data[].attributes.headline
 Postal Workers at the University of Ghana (Performers), Cancelling Stamps 

# data[].attributes.subject
 Postal Workers at the University of Ghana (Performers), Cancelling Stamps 

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Not a song/piece or genre, therefor no specific release date

Culture/genre of music

Work culture of the African American workers

TAGS

#Non intentional/music]

Lacking permission from postal workers, this so called music is a contract of what we think is music, but is actually just a normal day of work for this Ghana postal workers who also claim that they didn't consent to the recording, and that its not music

Fosters a #physical response]

To these workers, the sounds were hearing are a construct of the physical labour which they do at work

#Entertainment ?]

What's interesting is that this in our minds, this is a entertainment, when really, its just work, showing how our ideals of music differ from theirs

Lots of #unique Instruments]

Brings in several different "work sounds" such as stamping, cutting, alluding to the fact that anything can be used to create music, however some Sounds were not related to the work (done for rhythmic interest)- several slaps, repeated thuds, multiple cancellations

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Culture/genre of time

Traditional Indian singing and music culture, more specifically, a Indian Lullaby

TAGS

Foster a #physical response]

This specific song and or genre is meant to put a baby to sleep

Facilitate/contribute to the #integration of society]

Often songs such as these, incorporate certain culture values

#Bedroom setting]

More specifically, the idea of a lullaby is meant top be from he caregiver to infant, in a more quiet setting, reflected in the fact that lullabies are not loud or complex songs, but are ones which is meant to be in a quiet space for one to one interaction

#Minimalistic] sounds

Because its meant for babies, complexity is not needed, so lullabies are simples in melody, rhythm, and are often sung because their being played for the young, and also are therefor quiet in dynamics

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Culture/genre of time

Traditional Indian sining and music culture, more specifically for the gods, lullaby raga is one type

TAGS

#Religious

This type of music, is meant to worship their 3 gods

#Raga

Collection of pitches or notes, adding contour, mood, ornamentation, phrases etc

#Specific notation]

Sargam notation: Sa ri ga ma pa dha ni sa

Raga Nilambari: Ascending pattern Sa Ri Ga Ma ()dha (pa dha) ni sa, and a descending pattern sa ni ()pa ma ga ri (ga) sa

Similar to do re mi

Tala: Rhythm and time cycle used in south indian music

Adi tala: 8-beat cycle subdivided into 4+2+2

“Melody is mother, rhythm is father”

# data[].attributes.body
Time

genre, therefore no specific time release

Culture/genre of time

Northern Canada and Indigenous music culture, specifically Inuit peoples culture

TAGS

#Katajjaq]

Known as Throat games, is a form of game which includes 2 people, who try and mimic each others pitch until one stops or looses breath

#Non-Presentational]

Specifically this style of music is not supposed to be sung to a live audience, one with an atmosphere of a westernized audience with all that tech and background music and what not

#Throat like singing]

No specific lyrics, sounds heard are that mimicking the surrounding environmental sounds

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Culture/genre of time

Northern Canada and Indigenous music culture, specifically Inuit peoples culture

TAGS

Connection to #environment] (Specific to performance)

Wears a red dress for activism for lost and killed indigenous women, also is barefoot symbolizing a strong connection to the earth while preforming

#Not Conforming to social norms ?]

Specifically Tayna uses a modern twist, and her own art form and story to use her voice as an inspiration for future generations, as seen specifically in the spike in young Inuit girls who look up to her and want to learn the music. seen as rebuttaling the social norms because although this is a traditional style, one which is held strongly by some elders, she ads her own story and leads her own norms for a new future of katajjaq

#Tanya Tagaq]

Very inspirational; gained fame from taking her own twist on this style native to the Inuit where, preforming in front of a live audience by herself without a partner (Angered some elders because its taking the asset of the Throat games away)

# data[].attributes.headline
African American people (Performers), Oh Wallace

# data[].attributes.subject
African American people (Performers), Oh Wallace

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Written during the Civil rights movement

Culture/genre of time

African American culture and music

TAGS

Fosters a #physical response]

Makes you want to match in a unified front

#Entrainment]

Idea of a mass singing, invoking a universal emotion

#Magnetic], #protest song]

These specific protest songs, used during the civil rights movement, were made to make a unified front for everyone who wanted to stand up for African American rights

#Participatory

Anyone could join in, supporting cause of inclusivity

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Written during the Civil rights movement

Culture/genre of time

African American culture and music

TAGS

#Magnetic], #protest song]

These specific protest songs, used during the civil rights movement, were made to make a unified front for everyone who wanted to stand up for African American rights

#Religious]

Use of gospel sounds and hymns

#Appropriated tunes

used to be a rock song

#Participatory

Anyone could join in, supporting cause of inclusivity

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Written during the Civil rights movement

Culture/genre of time

African American culture and music

TAGS

#Magnetic], #protest song]

These specific protest songs, used during the civil rights movement, were made to make a unified front for everyone who wanted to stand up for African American rights

#Black rights]

Emphasizes the mistreatment of African America peoples, especially in Mississippi

#Wanted a performance]

Nina specifically wanted to play this piece in front of a white audience to share her message for Black power and empowerment

#Solo protest song]?

The use of her solo vocal with this protest song added a level of individualism and a level of connection on a personal level when she preformed it by herself. Most protest songs are emphasized with numbers, but her one voice made just as a impact

# data[].attributes.headline
James Brown, Say it Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud

# data[].attributes.subject
James Brown, Say it Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud

# data[].attributes.body
Time

Through the Postmodern era (1960-now)

Written during the Civil rights movement

Culture/genre of time

African American culture and music

TAGS

#Call and response]

Used as a way to engage with more people, more inclusive, also making it more rhetorical

#Participatory

Anyone could join in, supporting cause of inclusivity

#More Diverse]

Call and respond was responded with children, adding a Inspiring message, showing future of cause for a more generational message

More #serious tone]

The solo voice with call and response, puts more emphasis on the one who calls (Makes it more serious and adds to message)

# data[].attributes.headline
Enslaved African Peoples (Creators), Capoeira

# data[].attributes.subject
Enslaved African Peoples (Creators), Capoeira

# data[].attributes.body
Time

No specific time for a genre

Culture/genre of time

African enslaved peoples fostered the Brazilian culture and mixed it with their own

TAGS

#Cross-cultured syle]

Specifically this style comes from the African American peoples, specifically originated among African slaves in Brazil during the 16th century as a means of resistance, self-defense, and cultural expression, this combines with the

#Ginga (Rythm)

Ginga is the foundational movement in capoeira, often referred to as the "sway" or "rhythm." It is the heart of capoeira, providing both a defensive and offensive base while creating a dynamic, flowing connection to the music and energy of the game.

#Native Instruments

Atabaque (Instrument)- The atabaque is a traditional Afro-Brazilian drum

Berimbau (Instrument)- The berimbau is the defining instrument of capoeira, an Afro-Brazilian art form combining martial arts, dance, music, and culture. Known for its unique sound, the berimbau sets the tone and rhythm for the roda (circle)