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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6olszO62Pg&t=7s

TITLE: Ah'ah Laot: People of the Sea - Climate Change Impacts to the People of Tigtabon Island (2019)

AUTHOR: Kathleen Lei Limayo

DATE PUBLISHED: April 16, 2019

KEY INFO: The 2019 documentary Ah'ah Laot: People of the Sea reveals the effects of climate change on the Sama Badjao of Tigtabon Island. Some issues include encroaching homes with rising sea levels, depleting fish stocks, damaging seaweed farms, and health issues threatening the community's traditional way of life and survival.

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgyO_bzJyJI

TITLE: Webinar #113 | "CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH: Bakit natin kailangan alamin?"

HOSTED BY: University of the Philippines

DATE PUBLISHED: August 19, 2022

KEY INFO: This webinar, hosted by the University of the Philippines, covers the health consequences in the Philippines resulting from climate change in the form of heat stress and air pollution, among others. Though it has no specific focus on Mindanao, it is still applicable because it focuses on the whole country, the Philippines.

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Webinar #113 | "CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH: Bakit natin kailangan alamin?"

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URL: https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/view/3976

TITLE: Correlation of Climate Change Indicators with Health and Environmental Data in the Philippines

AUTHOR: Jinky Leilanie Lu, MOH, PhD

DATE PUBLISHED: January 31, 2022

KEY INFO: In her research paper, Jinky Leilanie Lu points out strong correlations between climate change indicators such as increasing temperatures, sea levels, air pollution, and health problems in the Philippines. Some of these issues are increased mortality due to air pollution, growing non-communicable diseases, and rising malaria cases due to deteriorating environmental conditions due to climate change.

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URL: https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/heatwaves-pose-health-risks-disrupt-students-learning-says-save-children-philippines

TITLE: Heatwaves pose health risks, disrupt students’ learning says Save the Children Philippines

AUTHOR: Save the Children

DATE PUBLISHED: April 5, 2024

KEY INFO: It reports that recent heatwaves in the Philippines, with temperatures over 42ºC, have led to the suspension of classes nationwide. Save the Children Philippines emphasizes that children are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses due to their developing bodies. It calls for urgent action to address climate change to protect children's health and education.

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Heatwaves pose health risks, disrupt students’ learning says save the children Philippines - Philippines

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News and Press Release in English on Philippines about Climate Change and Environment, Education, Heat Wave and more; published on 5 Apr 2024 by Save the Children

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URL:https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/greenhouse-gasses-climate-change

TITLE: Greenhouse gasses, climate change

AUTHOR: Ralph Lawrence G. Llemit, sunstar

DATE PUBLISHED: July 15, 2024

KEY CONTENT: The article highlights the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change, that human activities, burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased the levels of these gases in the atmosphere. The rise leads to a larger greenhouse effect, which traps heat and causes global temperature to rise, which results to extreme weather events and shifts in climate. This calls for urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate these effects and protect our ecosystem and human health.

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CLIMATE change, a defining challenge of our era, is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. This phenomenon, primarily driven by human activities, has far-reaching consequences for the environment and society.

The pursuit of convenience and modern lifestyles has significantly contributed to the acceleration of climate change. From the industrial revolution to the digital age, human ingenuity has led to remarkable advancements, but these achievements often come with hidden environmental costs.

Fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, industrial emissions, and excessive waste are byproducts of our quest for convenience, and they have collectively intensified the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming.

Understanding the intricate relationship between human convenience and climate change is crucial for developing sustainable solutions and mitigating the adverse effects on our planet.
Climate change a hoax?
Lourdes Tibig, Climate Science Advisor of the Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities, said that climate change is a natural process within the climate system, such as changes in the ocean's circulation.

However, despite experiencing its impact, Tibig said that it is quite alarming that some still don't believe in it.

"I don't know na marami 'yun ang hindi naniniwala sa climate change. They say that this climate change that we're talking about is a hoax," she said.

"Because they say climate has been changing through the years. It's true," she said, adding the sun's intensity and the slow changes in the earth's orbit around the sun have been natural factors for climate change.

However, the earth is already millions of years older and has been experiencing a huge change in its climate due to human interference, the expert added.
Greenhouse gasses
Greenhouse gasses (GHGs) are atmospheric gasses that trap heat within the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. This effect is crucial for maintaining the planet's temperature and supporting life, but an excess of these gasses can lead to global warming and climate change.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere. It is composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. While CO₂ is a vital part of the planet's carbon cycle and essential for processes such as photosynthesis in plants, its concentration in the atmosphere has significantly increased due to human activities.

"If you run your car, you use gasoline. The moment you switch on your car engine, carbon dioxide is emitted. They are not visible to the naked eye, but [it] is just there," Tibig said.

The average lifetime of carbon dioxide is hundreds to thousands of years with about 25 percent lasting forever.

Human activities are being cited as the cause of the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gasses.

Human-induced activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, transport, and industries are one of them.

Human activities that change land surface such as deforestation, reforestation, and urbanization, are also to blame.

Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas with significant implications for climate change. Though it is present in smaller quantities than carbon dioxide (CO₂), it has a much higher capacity to trap heat in the atmosphere, making it a critical focus in efforts to mitigate global warming.

Tibig said that over a 20-year period, 1 metric ton of CH₄ can trap about 80 times that of 1 metric ton of CO₂.

"It means that methane can contribute to global warming 80 times compared to carbon dioxide," she said.

Other man-made sources of greenhouse gasses are nitrous oxide (N₂O), and natural sources including bacterial breakdown of nitrogen in soils and ocean, while man-made sources include the use of chemical-based fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, biomass burning, combustion process in vehicles, and acid production.

In terms of average lifetime for about 110 years, over a 20-year period, one metric ton of N₂O can trap as much as about 273 times that of one metric ton of CO₂.

Other man-made sources of greenhouse gasses, which also contribute to climate change, are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which are present in refrigerators.

"(The) Worst part of it is the average lifetime is from 52 to 93 years. Over a 20-year period, one metric ton of CFCs can trap as much as thousands to tens of thousand times that of one metric ton of CO₂," she said.

Tibig added that CO₂ can cause warming as it absorbs some of the heat radiation coming off Earth's sunbaked surface and reradiates it downward.

Four-fifths of CO₂ emissions come from burning fossil fuels. Nearly all the rest come from deforestation and other changes in land use.

Even at the current emissions rate, CO₂ is released into the atmosphere nearly twice as fast as it is removed.

But where do CO₂ go? The expert said that plants and soil absorb about a third each year, and ocean surface waters about a quarter. The rest of the 45 percent stays airborne for a long time.

When asked if CO₂ has been this high before, she said it is not for at least 800,000 years, say the oldest air bubbles found in Antarctic ice cores - and probably not for millions of years.
But how much is too much?
"No one is sure. Some scientists think we need to reduce the CO₂ level back down to 350 parts per million (ppm) - equivalent to 745 billion metric tons of carbon - to avoid serious climate impacts," she said.

"But if current emissions trends continue, 450 ppm will be passed well before the mid-century," she added.

Therefore, human activities are making the "blanket", which traps the heat and causes the enhanced greenhouse effect, thicker.

As compared to the natural greenhouse effect, the earth is covered by a blanket of gasses which allows energy from the sun to reach the Earth's surface, where some of it is converted into heat energy. Most of the heat is re-radiated towards the ground by greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. This is a natural effect that keeps the Earth's temperature at a level necessary to support life.

But because of human activities, greater concentrations of greenhouse gasses will trap more heat and raise the Earth's surface temperature.
Humans warmed the planet
Tibig said that global temperatures have been getting warmer for the last 65 million years, and would possibly get warmer depending on the amount of greenhouse gasses being emitted.

Citing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by the United Nations, human influence has warmed the climate at a rate that is unprecedented in at least the last 2,000 years.

She said that there has been a change in global surface temperature as observed and simulated using human and natural, and only natural factors between the years 1850 and 2020.

"The analysis of our climate scientist shows that in 1950, there has been a slight increase in temperatures becoming faster as we approach the year 2000," Tibig said.

IPCC reported that human activities affect all the major climate system components, with some responding over decades and others over centuries.

At the most recent assessment, it was in 2016 that the temperature increased worldwide by about 1.1 degrees Celsius.

Meanwhile, the global surface temperature change was measured through Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). It is a socioeconomic-based scenario that specifies pathways to qualify and quantify factors of future population, economic growth, education, urbanization, and the rate of technological development and combines the mitigation targets of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

Unless actions are made, anthropogenic climate change will further cause impact.

She said these extreme weather events include tropical cyclones and river floods, which can reduce the economic growth of affected countries for more than a decade.

"For instance, during the period 1971-2014 and across all affected countries, growth losses from severe tropical cyclones and river floods may have accumulated to 6.5 percent and five percent, respectively, over 15 years," Tibig said.

The ongoing intensification of extreme weather in frequency and intensity due to climate change may therefore substantially reduce the development prospects of disaster-prone developing countries.

For the Philippines, tropical cyclones affect poorer populations disproportionately. Food-poor households in the country are significantly affected by the negative impacts on wage earnings, particularly from agricultural salaries as well as reduction in total food and non-food expenditures, suggesting limited resources to cope with income losses.
On PH's sea level rise
Tibig said that sea level rise results from the melting of sea ice covers, including ice sheets and glaciers in the polar regions, and thermal expansion of the seas and oceans as these warm.

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa) has observed that the sea level rise in the Philippines is higher than the global rate.

In a 2018 report, Pagasa said that over certain parts of the country, sea level rise had been more than double the global rate during the period of 1993 to 2015.

More recent projections (in particular, that by Climate Central) showed estimates of flood water depths in areas near the coasts at global warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) are higher than the projections indicated.
What can we do?
Tibig said that while the impact has been alarming throughout the year, she is firm in saying that there is more that needs to be done to prevent the Earth from getting warmer.

She said the ultimate goal of limiting temperature increase is by only 1.5°C within the 21st century. It can be done, however the window of opportunity is narrowing.

"It is not too late yet; we must act now and do deeper cuts in greenhouse gasses emissions," she said. RGL

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CLIMATE change, a defining challenge of our era, is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. This phenomenon, primarily driven by human activities, has far-reaching consequences for the environment and society. The pursuit of convenience and modern lifestyles has significantly contributed to the acceleration of climate change.

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URL: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1668495/doh-stresses-fossil-fuel-impact-on-public-health

TITLE: DOH stresses fossil fuel impact on public health

AUTHOR: Inquirer.Net

DATE PUBLISHED: September 22, 2022

KEY CONTENT: The article highlights the action plan to reduce reliance on fossil fuels due to their effects on respiratory health. Burning fossil fuels, particularly coal, contributes significantly to air pollution which has cause the rising cases of respiratory illnesses such as asthma and chronic pulmonary disease among Filipino. DOH supports the World Health Organization's idea to phase out fossil fuels to mitigate health risks associated with green gas emissions.

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DOH stresses fossil fuel impact on public health

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MANILA, Philippines — The Department of Health (DOH) has called for the creation of a national action plan against the use of fossil fuel, which the country relies on for power generation, due

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URL:https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/greenhouse-gas-concentrations-hit-record-high-again

TITLE: Greenhouse Gas concentrations hit record high. Again.

AUTHOR: World Meteorological Organization

DATE PUBLISHED: November 16, 2023

KEY CONTENT: The article highlights that greenhouse gas emissions concentrations have reached high records, indicating a further increase in global temperatures. Carbon budget is rapidly diminishing leading to more severe climate change impacts such as extreme weather events and rising sea levels. It also call the urgent need to address these issues and support global efforts through initiatives like the Global Greenhouse Gas Watch.

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Greenhouse Gas concentrations hit record high. Again.

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URL:https://youtu.be/7sYZDDsiIM8?si=wnAmmjPRk566iihz

TITLE: Unti-unting paglubog ng isang barangay sa Bulacan, posibleng epekto ng climate change

AUTHOR: GMA Integrated News

DATE PUBLISHED: December 08, 2024

KEY CONTENT:

Barangay Taliptip is located in Bulacan, with many residents living there, facing a problem that is potentially linked to climate change, as their land is gradually sinking due to the sea level rising, causing some roads to be covered by flood, especially during high-tide or typhoon season. Many are alarmed by the other possibilities that may happen to Barangay Taliptip, and other places in Metro Manila that are prone to gradual sinking caused by climate change. The negative impacts of climate change such as this example diminishes the quality of life, infrastructure, the residents, and may also slow down the land development.

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Unti-unting paglubog ng isang barangay sa Bulacan, posibleng epekto ng climate change | 24 Oras

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URL:https://www.parabukas.com/journal/2023-internship/a-need-for-climate-change-education-for-filipinos-by-filipinos

TITLE: A Need for Climate Change Education for Filipinos, by Filipinos

AUTHOR: Ella Abad

DATE PUBLISHED: August 7, 2023

KEY INFO: The article highlights the importance of climate change education in the Philippines, with a focus on Mindanao, where many communities are unaware of the consequences of climate change, although the region is particularly susceptible to the impacts of rising temperatures and extreme weather. It advocates for place-based climate education that reflects Mindanao’s needs, providing the youth the means and the drive to lead climate action and sustain resilience in the long run. Encouraging the shift to renewable energy and eco-friendly agriculture are vital for decreasing Mindanao's carbon footprint and addressing the threats posed by mounting climate issues.

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Time and time again, the pursuit of education has been emphasized by individuals older, and perhaps wiser, than us. This is because education aims to not only study problems but also provide solutions that can lead to better economic, social, and political conditions. A strongly shared belief among Filipinos is that education is the key to being uplifted from poverty. Perhaps it is time to integrate the same belief into the very thing that sustains our ambitions, and survival - our natural environment.

While the Philippines can proudly claim that it is among the most biodiverse countries in the world, it is also one of the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. However, it was only after having established the urgency of the state of the Philippine environment, that the Environmental Awareness Education Act of 2008 or the Republic Act No. 9615 was enacted to provide directives to educational institutions to integrate Environmental Education (EE) in certain curricula. In the following year, the Climate Change Act of 2009 or Republic Act No. 9729 was enacted to further mainstream climate change in national plans and strategies. Similar to the need for EE, it was evident that there was also a clear demand for in-depth and comprehensive climate change education (CCE), particularly throughout early and secondary education curricula.

Filipino Perception of Climate Change

Filipinos are well aware of climate change. According to the 2022 Southeast Asia Climate Outlook Survey , a total of 97.6% of Filipinos claim that climate change is a serious and immediate threat and that it should be considered a major issue in the country. The results of the study shows that while the general public are aware of climate change due to the occurrence of super typhoons and other loss and damage, they are not particularly well-informed about the steps being taken to address the issue (e.g. policies). For the youth, in particular, it is critical that they are involved and provided with opportunities to contribute to addressing the climate crisis.

In identifying ways to better inform and educate people about climate change, it is important to acknowledge that people perceive climate change differently depending on how it manifests in their local context and how it is experienced . According to by Bollettino et al. (2020), many Filpinos associate climate change with natural disasters such as typhoons and droughts and its impacts on communities like loss of property, livelihoods, and even lives. This perspective on climate change is likely the reason why the common response of Filipinos to climate change include disaster response and ensuring necessary steps and protocols are put in place during disaster scenarios. Climate impacts, however, may manifest differently in other contexts. Nevertheless, at the end of the day, the reality of climate are clear. It is projected to have detrimental effects to our seas, agricultural and fishing economy, water and energy supplies, among others, all brought about by extreme rainfall and increasing temperatures. From this it can be assumed that context-based or localized CCE is vital in educating the youth about the impacts and solutions for climate change relevant to their local realities. This is further supported by a recent by Karel Nepraš et al. (2022), which found that younger audiences are responsive to place-based learning methods, meaning they are more receptive to education models that are contextualized to their local communities, cultures, and experiences.

Inclusion of Filipino Values

Over the last few years, there has also been an emphasis on values-based education for EE and CCE. In 2017, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) published the National Environmental Education Action Plan 2018-2040 (NEEAP), an action plan that emphasizes a holistic view of EE with a strong focus on a socio-cultural approach to sustainable development through fostering what is referred to as the Spirit of Luntiang Puso or 'Green Heart'.

The Filipino values associated with this are bayanihan (cooperation), referring to our increased efforts to help fellow citizens; pagtitipid (prudence), which is related to the culture of frugality among Filipinos that which also should be applied to our consumption of natural resources and lessening our spending habits; and malasakit (empathy), which talks about sensitivity towards others. These are believed to serve as drivers of change and development for the good of communities, the nation, and the environment as a whole. Thus, EE strategies should try to instill such values among the Filipino youth. It was further noted in the NEEAP that these values should be integrated at different levels of education (e.g. kindergarten, primary education, etc.), depending on the appropriate level of familiarity and contextualization that the values and knowledge would entail.

One such initiative that is said to be "pioneering" values-based CCE is the Youth Formation Division (YFD) , which is led and implemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) by virtue of DepEd Order No. 52, s. 2015. The YFD is a co-curricular student organization that aims to develop Filipino youth for societal growth. Their goal is to "empower students to strive for excellence in academics, leadership, and social responsibility, and develop a love of country, values, and competencies for them to reach their full potential and contribute to the nation". They also assert that children and the youth are entitled to participate in decision-making processes about the future of their education as demonstrated in their youth-led programs . YFD emphasizes the empowerment of Filipino children and youth with values that are maka-Diyos (for God), maka-tao (for people), maka-kalikasan (for nature), and maka-bansa (for country). In 2021, the Bureau of Learner Support Services-YFD (BLSS-YFD) and Save the Children launched a youth webinar on CCE and its effects on children's welfare. This was in response to the call for global climate justice, and the need for youth to play a more active role in identifying solutions as young leaders. Chief Adolf Aguilar of BLSS-YFD shared that only through unified action can one slowly start to mitigate the effects that climate change brings.

CONCLUSION

Both the NEEAP and efforts by BLSS-YFD call for context-specific and values-based education for the youth. The YFD encourages that this can lead to greater unification and collaboration across the country, while NEEAP, through the Spirit of Luntiang Puso, aims to inspire the youth to be guided by the aforementioned values that are relevant to Filipino culture and encourage greater participation in addressing the problem at hand. Both of which are ingredients for stronger youth leadership for climate change.

Despite the call for stronger integration, research shows there are still not enough programs that are able to provide adequate CCE . This may be because CCE has been spread out and integrated into different subjects and reduced to certain topics in specific modules. The advocacy put forth by the NEEAP and the example of YFD present opportunities to create or continue improving EE and CCE strategies to achieve the goal of encouraging greater participation of the youth by instilling genuine Filipino values. It is worth considering that the future of CCE may require a values-based approach in the hopes of reaching more of our kapwa (fellow countrymen). The integration of such values must serve as the foundation of such programs. Further studies on the matter would help build on this discussion more, and create more opportunities for the active participation of youth in their local communities.
Note: Ella Abad was an undergraduate intern from the 2023 Summer Internship Program of Parabukas. This article is her individual contribution to on-going discourse on her chosen environmental issue.

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A Need for Climate Change Education for Filipinos, by Filipinos - Parabukas

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This blog was written by Ella Abad, an undergraduate intern from the 2023 Summer Internship Program of Parabukas.

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8.) Public Service Message or Promotional Video

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8.) Public Service Message or Promotional Video

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URL: https://asia.noharm.org/news/news-health-experts-philippines-lead-fight-against-dirty-air

TITLE: Health experts in the Philippines lead the fight against dirty air

AUTHOR: Imelda V. Abano

DATE PUBLISHED: June 4, 2019

KEY INFO: Health experts here are calling for stronger action towards the rapid growing of air pollution in the Philippines that significantly harms public health. “Poor air quality leads to diseases of the lungs, cardiovascular conditions, and death,” they warn. Experts urged stricter reinforcement of environmental laws and policies to further reduce emissions from vehicles, factories, and other sources of pollution. In addition, they push for adaptation of cleaner technologies and better air quality monitoring to rpotrect the citizens’ health and well-being all while protecting the environment.

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URL:https://www.facebook.com/unep/posts/as-greenhouse-gas-emissions-reach-new-highs-and-climate-impacts-intensify-nation/977259251100820/

TITLE: No more hot air…please!

AUTHOR: UNEP

DATE PUBLISHED: October 24, 2024

KEY CONTENT: It highlights the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change impacts. The report also stated that rising gas emissions contribute to increased air pollution and many health risks. It also calls for action through enhanced climate policies, a transition to renewable energy, and increased global cooperation to effectively close this emissions gap.

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As greenhouse gas emissions reach new highs and climate impacts intensify, nations are preparing updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to #ClimateAction for submission in early 2025....

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Researched by: Allen Magno & Hana Salihuddin

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URL: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1749716/extreme-heat-in-ph-health-risks-economic-impact?

TITLE: Extreme heat in PH: Health risks, economic impact
AUTHOR: Cristina Eloisa Baclig

DATE PUBLISHED: March 29, 2023

KEY CONTENT: Although it does not focus on Mindanao, it highlights how greenhouse gas overproduction drives air pollution and rising temperatures in the Philippines, causing heatstroke and heat exhaustion. Furthermore, it points out the economic slowdown linked to extreme heat and further emphasizes the interlinked impacts of climate change on public health and the nation's economy.

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URL: https://youtu.be/oZUcTMelQhA

TITLE: Fighting Air Pollution in One of the World's Most Populated Cities

AUTHOR: Lewis Hamilton

DATE PUBLISHED: August 2, 2023

KEY CONTENT: Manila, the most densely populated city in the world with around 42,000 people per square kilometer—nearly 10 times the population density of London—faces significant challenges with poor air quality, particularly due to issues in public transportation. This impacts the quality of life for residents. The film highlights the work of Mitzi Jonelle Tan and her organization, Youth Activists for Climate Action Philippines, as they campaign to raise awareness about climate justice in the country.

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Fighting Air Pollution in One of the World's Most Populated Cities

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URL:https://amia.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Philippines_Mindanao_ClimateRiskProfiles.pdf

TITLE: Climate Risk Profiles Mindanao

AUTHOR: Department of Agriculture

DATE PUBLISHED: March 2024

KEY INFO: The document provides statistical data about Mindanao’s agricultural sector, identifying the issues that are led by the risk of climate change regarding the development of Agriculture. The text also mentions strategies to address problems with climate risk change. According to the document’s historical and future trends, the farmers and the people living in rural areas are mostly affected by the impacts because of typhoons, floods, and droughts, destroying the crops. There have also been reported economic damages. Apart from that, Bukidnon is likely to experience more hot days, according to the forecast. The rainfall events that keep on increasing may lead to more impacts on agriculture, affecting the livelihoods of many.

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URL: https://denr.gov.ph/news-events/denr-holds-multistakeholder-forum-in-mindanao-commits-to-inclusive-resiliency-plans/

TITLE: DENR HOLDS MULTISTAKEHOLDER FORUM IN MINDANAO COMMITS TO INCLUSIVE RESILIENCY PLANS

AUTHOR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

DATE PUBLISHED: February 2, 2023

KEY INFO: “The preservation of the environment is the preservation of life. If we cannot mitigate climate change, all our plans for the economy, all our plans for the future will be for naught.”- President Ferdinand Marcos, 2022 Mindanao is expecting to experience more drier seasons, along with flooding, which can be a cause for concern for Mindanao, as it also poses a threat to the natural resources and community livelihood. Many experts gather to share their expertise in climate change through an open forum, engaging in new ideas to combat the continuing effects of the climate crisis. The government also launched Project TRANSFORM (Transdisciplinary Approach for Resilient and Sustainable Communities) on February 3, 2023 for Siargao Island, and Surigao Del Norte, with a plan to preserve its natural resources and sustain economic growth while also promoting tourism.

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DENR holds multistakeholder forum in Mindanao, commits to inclusive resiliency plans | DENR

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The Cagayan de Oro leg completes the agency’s nationwide consultations for a whole-of-society approach to environmental resilience

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13.) NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OR ACADEMIC INSTITUTION ARTICLE

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13.) NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OR ACADEMIC INSTITUTION ARTICLE

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URL: https://energyandcleanair.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Philippines-Health-Economic-Cost-Report_v2023.pdf?

Title: Estimating the Health & Economic Cost of Air Pollution

in the Philippines

Author: Energy and Clean Air Institute(2023)

DATE PUBLISHED: February 2023

Key info: Air pollution in the Philippines, mainly from fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), is a leading cause of death and disease, contributing to cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. In 2019, it caused 66,230 deaths and cost the economy PHP 2.32 trillion (US$ 44.8 billion), or 11.9% of the GDP. The report stresses the need for policymakers to address these health and economic impacts as pollution from fossil fuel sources continues to rise.