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Definition: An abrasion is a superficial rub or wearing off of the skin, usually caused by a scrape or a brush burn.

Initial Care: Apply an antiseptic lotion, cream, or petroleum jelly. Cover the area with an adhesive bandage or gauze pad if it is on the hands or feet, or if it is likely to drain onto clothing. Change the dressing often. Check the area each day and keep it clean and dry.

Follow-up Care: Apply a topical antibiotic ointment to the abrasion to prevent infection and cover your wound with a bandage or wound dressing. Small abrasions, like a linear abrasion less than 2 inches, may not need a bandage due to the size. Cleaning and covering the wound daily until it heals.

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here are some symptoms to help recognize an infection

feeling generally unwell – not able to get out of bed

a change in your temperature – 37.5°C or higher or below 36°C

flu-like symptoms – feeling cold and shivery, headaches, and aching muscles

coughing up green phlegm

a sore throat or sore mouth

a throbbing, painful tooth

pain the restroom, going more often or cloudy or foul-smelling urine

diarrhoea – 4 or more loose, watery bowel movements in 24 hours

skin changes – redness, feeling hot, swelling or pain

a fast heartbeat

feeling dizzy or faint

being sick (vomiting)

a headache

pain, redness, discharge, swelling or heat at the site of a wound or intravenous line such as a central line or PICC line

pain anywhere in your body that was not there before your treatment

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Definition: Lacerations are a pattern of injury in which skin and underlying tissues are cut or torn

Initial Care: They should be washed thoroughly with soap and water and covered with antibiotic ointment.

Follow-up Care: Care for your stitches and wound as follows: Keep the area clean and dry for the first 24 to 48 hours after stitches have been placed. Then, you can start to gently wash around the site 1 to 2 times daily. Wash with cool water and soap.

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Defenition: a surgical cut made in skin or flesh.

Initial Care: You need to clean and rinse your incision site with a gentle (unscented) soap and water.

Follow-up Care: Always wash your hands before and after touching your incisions. Inspect your incisions and wounds every day for signs of infection like swelling, pus, or color changes. Looking for bleeding. If your incisions start to bleed, apply direct and constant pressure to the incisions.

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Definition: a wound made by a pointed object such as a nail, knife, or sharp tooth

Initial Care: Apply pressure with a clean cloth or bandage for several minutes to stop bleeding

Follow-up Care: Apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment (Neosporin, Polysporin). For the first two days, rewash the area and reapply the antibiotic when you change the dressing

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Definition: a forcible tearing off of skin or another part of the body, such as an ear or a finger

Initial Care: For initial care, gently clean the area with soap and water and cover it with a sterile bandage.

Follow-up Care: After the first 24 to 48 hours, you can remove the bandage and gently wash around the wound with clean water 2 times a day.

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Use barrier protection at all times.

Use gloves for protection when working with or around blood and body fluids.

Change glove between patients.

Use glasses, goggles, masks, shields, and waterproof gowns/aprons to protect face from splashes.

Wash hands if contaminated and after removing gloves.

Use puncture-resistant sharps disposal containers (at point of use).

Do not recap, bend or break needles and handle all sharps carefully.

Use resuscitation equipment and devices for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Minimize spills and spatters; use leak-proof containers; appropriate biological safety cabinet.

Decontaminate all surfaces and devices after use.

Observe prudent laboratory practices.

Use proper waste management/housekeeping.