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A black hole is a region in space where gravity is so intense that not even light can escape from it. The term "black hole" was made by physicist John Archibald Wheeler in 1967, showing its ability to trap all light and matter within its event horizon.

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Supergiants are enormous, highly luminous stars that are often at the end of their stellar evolution. Their extraordinary size and brightness are much higher compared to other stars.

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Diffuse nebulae are cloud-like regions of gas and dust in space where new stars can form. The word "diffuse" refers to their widespread, hazy appearance because they have no solid structure.

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A supernova is a powerful stellar explosion that occurs when a massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel. The light from a supernova can be seen from billions of light years away

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A white dwarf is the Earth-sized core left behind after a low or medium mass star has exhausted its fuel and lost its outer layers. White dwarfs are one of the densest objects in the universe.

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Supernova remnants are the expanding clouds of gas and dust left behind after a massive star explodes in a supernova. The explosion spreads heavy elements into space.

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A nova is a sudden, dramatic increase in brightness of a star, caused by a thermonuclear explosion on its surface. The word "nova" comes from the Latin for "new," as the stars were thought to be new stars appearing in the sky.

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Main sequence stars are stars that are in the stable phase of their life, fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores. The term "main sequence" comes from their position on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.

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Planetary nebulae are shells of ionized gas sent out by dying stars, glowing brightly as the star's core becomes a white dwarf. The name, "planetary nebula" has nothing to do with planets, it was named by astronomers who thought the nebulae looked like planets through telescopes.

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Giant stars are massive, luminous stars that have exhausted the hydrogen in their cores and expanded in size. The word "giant" comes from the Greek "gigant," meaning a huge or monstrous being.

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The HR Diagram is a graphical tool that plots stars based on their luminosity and temperature. It's named after Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell, the people that developed it.

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Nebulae are vast clouds of gas and dust in space, often serving as the birthplaces of stars. The word "nebula" comes from the Latin word for "cloud."