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The rock cycle is a fundamental concept in geology that describes the transitions among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. It outlines how rocks are formed, broken down, and transformed into different types over time through processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation, melting, crystallization, and uplift.

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Erosion moves this material more substantially, often across long distances, via agents such as running water, glaciers and wind. Deposition Deposition is the “yin” to erosion’s “yang.” At some point, an agent of erosion drops part or all of its load of rocks and sediments.

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Compaction and cementation are processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks:

Compaction: Mechanical squeezing of sediment grains due to the weight of overlying sediment layers.

Cementation: Chemical precipitation of minerals (such as clay, silica, or calcite) that act as natural glue, binding sediment grains together

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Melting, is a physical process that results in the substance turns from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure.

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Crystallisation is the process of formation of solid crystals from solution, melt or by deposition directly from a gas phase.

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Uplift refers to the rising of portions of the Earth's surface while sinking of land refers to the downward shift of portions of Earth's surface