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ZPD-Zone of Proximal Development. Two developmental levels must be distinguished: actual and potential levels of development. It is basically what children can do with assistance. It is measured by how someone engages in shared endeavors and how that influences other activities.

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Lev S. Vygotsky identified sociocultural theory and had three major themes: Individual development has origins in social sources, human action is mediated by tools and signs, and that the first two themes are examined by genetic/developmental analysis. Learning awakens developmental processes that operates only when interacting with peers in their environment.

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SCHEMAS

-basic building blocks of cognitive models

-a cohesive, repeatable action sequence with action that are interconnected and ran by a core meaning

-mental process is an increase in the number of complexities

-state of equilibrium is the schemas explaining what it can perceive

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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

*Sensorimotor

*Preoperational

*Concrete Operational

*Formal Operational

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Piaget's theory says cognitive development is due to biological maturation/interaction with your environment. Piaget made stage theory of child cognitive development, studied children and made test to reveal different cognitive abilities. Thought kids were born with a basic mental structure. His theory was based on kids, not everyone and focused on development, not learning and that there are stages of development, not gradual increases.