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In 1947, President Harry Truman introduced the Truman Doctrine, declaring that the United States would support countries resisting communism, helping countries like Greece and Turkey. With this, The United States become a leader in the fight against Communisim. It also helped in the United States involvement in joining NATO and future conflicts with Korea and Vietnam.

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The Marshall Plan, implemented from 1948 to 1952, provided over $13 billion to rebuild Europe after it was torn by war, aiming to prevent the spread of communism. This helped the U.S. economy by creating demand for American goods, presenting the country as an economic powerhouse, and helping establish strong U.S.-European relationships that still exist today, such as NATO.

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Between 1948 and 1949, the Soviet Union blocked access to West Berlin, and the U.S. and its allies organized a massive airlift to deliver food and supplies for nearly a year. This event showed America's compassion and leadership, and raised more tension between the communists and democratics, leading to the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.

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The Korean War, fought from 1950 to 1953, directly resulted from the Cold War. The U.S. got involved on behalf of South Korea against the communist forces of North Korea and China.This war shaped future U.S. military actions, grew the defense industry, and increased fear of communism, leading to McCarthyism and worries about Soviet spies.

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In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first satellite, starting the Space Race. This pushed the U.S. to invest in space, create NASA, and focus on science and math education. The race led to the 1969 moon landing, and many inventions from that time, like GPS and satellite communication, still impact life today.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 nearly led to nuclear war. The Soviet Union put nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S., causing a 13-day standoff. It ended when the USSR removed its missiles from Cuba, and the U.S. took its missiles out of Turkey. This crisis made people more aware of nuclear dangers, led to arms control agreements, and increased Cold War fears in America.

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From 1955 to 1975, the Vietnam War was one of the most controversial wars in U.S. history. The U.S. joined the war to stop communism in Southeast Asia, but heavy losses and long battles led to protests and distrust in the government, especially after the Pentagon Papers were released. The war changed military policy, leading to the War Powers Act in 1973, which limited the president’s power to send troops without Congress’s approval. The war also left lasting effects, such as PTSD in veterans and debates over the military draft.

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The Civil Rights Movement & Cold War Politics (1950s-1960s)

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The Civil Rights Movement & Cold War Politics (1950s-1960s)

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During the 1950s and 1960s, the Cold War affected the Civil Rights Movement. The U.S. wanted to look strong against the Soviet Union, but racial segregation made the country look bad to the world. This pressure pushed leaders to act, leading to important laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The fight for racial equality during this time helped inspire future social justice movements.

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The Arms Race & Military-Industrial Complex (1949-1980s)

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The Arms Race & Military-Industrial Complex (1949-1980s)

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During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear weapons stockpiles. This led to big government spending on defense and new technology like the internet. Fear of war influenced American culture, shaping spy movies and school air raid drills.

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The Fall of the Berlin Wall & End of the Cold War (1989-1991)

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The Fall of the Berlin Wall & End of the Cold War (1989-1991)

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The Cold War ended when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and the Soviet Union broke apart in 1991. This caused communist governments in Eastern Europe to collapse and made the U.S. the world’s strongest country. While tensions decreased, new problems like terrorism and global trade appeared. It also improved U.S. relations with former communist countries, shaping today’s economy.