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Impacted Areas: The Neolithic Revolution Impacted Southwestern Asia, China, Mexico, New Guinea, South Asia, Africa, Eastern North America, and three locations in South America.

Importance/impact When it Happened: The Neolithic Revolution was the start of new Agriculture, it was a change from hunting to planting, and owning domestic animals for resources.

Sites: https://crowcanyon.org/the-neolithic-transition/, https://www2.nau.edu/~gaud/bio301/content/neolth.htm#:~:text=The%20Neolithic%20Revolution%20was%20the,directed%20the%20labor%20of%20their

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Impacted Areas: The Invention of the First Wheel impacted the entire world.

Importance/impact When it Happened: The wheel is a circular object that rotates on an Axle. This invention led to easier ways to transport things, and people, some examples are cars, and pulleys.

Sources: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia

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The wheel and axle is a type of simple machine used to make tasks easier in terms of manipulating force by applying the concept of mechanical advantage. The wheel and axle consists of a round disk, known as a wheel, with a rod through the centre of it, known as the axle. This system uses angular momentum and torque to do work on objects, typically against the force of gravity. The wheel and axle simple machine is closely related to gears.

Like all other simple machines the wheel and axle system changes the force by changing the distance over which the force must be applied; if the input force is reduced to the output force, then the force must be applied over five times the distance. The work done is always force times distance, and this must always be the same because of the conservation of energy.

The wheel and axle both rotate at the same rate. What this means is that both the axle and the wheel will complete one full rotation in the same amount of time (as opposed to how gears work). Due to the size difference in the radius of the wheel and axle, this means that the distance the two parts rotate through in the same amount of time is different. This is due to the difference in the circumferences of the wheel itself and the axle that supports it. This supplies the conditions for mechanical advantage.

Mechanical advantage

The mechanical advantage for this system is ideally:

where is the radius of the wheel, and is the radius of the axle, shown in Figure 2.

A wheel and axle system need a force in order to lift the load, but that force can be less than the weight of the object. Although the force a person needs to apply may not be very large compared to the force it does on the object, the distance they need to rotate the wheel is much larger than the distance the axle rotates through.

Ideally there are no losses during the energy transfer, but in reality there is no such thing as a system with 100% efficiency. Energy will be lost due to non-conservative forces such as friction, but wheel and axle systems often have very high efficiencies.

For Further Reading

For further information please see the related pages below:

References

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The wheel and axle is a type of simple machine used to make tasks easier in terms of manipulating force by applying the concept of mechanical advantage. The wheel and axle consists of a round disk, known as a wheel, with a rod through the centre of it, known as the axle.

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Impacted Areas: The invention of Gunpowder drastically impacted militaries and warfare, but to this day it has impacted areas all over the world.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: Gunpowder was the first discovered chemical explosive, and it changed how wars were fought and opened up the idea for many new weapons (such as firearms).

Sites: https://www.livescience.com, https://www.britannica.com, https://www.highburygrove.cola.org.uk

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The quest for immortality ironically led to gunpowder’s invention.

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Impacted Areas: The Invention of the Printing Press impacted the entire world.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Invention of the Printing Press was " a device that allows for the mass production of uniform printed matter". This Invention created a greater mass of book production and other forms of texts. This invention also allowed for higher education and a better understanding of language throughout the world.

Sources: https://www.history.com

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Impacted Areas: Although the Protestant Reformation led to reformation throughout the entire world, it first impacted Germany, Switzerland, and England.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Protestant Reformation was a movement to move away from the Catholic Church. This movement changed the way people go to church, and still does to this day.

Sources: https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/reformation, https://www.logos.com/grow/protestant-reformation/#:~:text=Steven

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Impacted Areas: The Invention of the Steam Engine had impacted the entire world.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: "A steam engine is a machine that uses heat and steam pressure to create mechanical motion". The Steam Engine made it easier for transportation, and made working much easier with machines that used a Steam Engine.

Sources: https://study.com, https://www.environmentandsociety.org

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Impacted Areas: The Industrial Revolution impacted Europe, North America, Japan, China, and India.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Industrial Revolution was ¨A period of scientific and technological development that transformed largely rural societies into urban ones.¨ The Industrial Revolution switched from manual and ¨agricultural¨ work to more of a machine led and factory workforce.

Sources: https://www.history.com, https://www.britannica.com

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Impacted Areas: The French Revolution impacted Europe,Austria, Prussia, and Spain, the Revolution also gave countries like Haiti, and The United States some inspirations for the idea of a revolution.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The French Revolution was ¨A people’s revolt against the inequalities of French society, the corruption of royal officials, and despair owing to widespread economic hardship¨. The French Revolution led to ¨the fall of Monarchy, rise of the middle class, and the growth of nationalism¨.

Sources: https://www.britannica.com, https://www.rmg.co.uk

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Impacted Areas: The Haitian Revolution impacted France, The United States, Cuba, and Santo Domingo.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Haitian Revolution was ¨the overthrow of the French regime in Haiti by the Africans and their descendants who had been enslaved by the French¨. The Haitian Revolution resulted in an abolishment of slavery in Haiti and the beginning of being a Independent country.

Sources: https://study.com, https://www.britannica.com

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Impacted Areas: The telegraph impacted the entire country but mostly countries involved in global trade including The U.S, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Telegraph is a system to exchange messages sent through wires. This allowed for easier communication between long distances. This led to the idea of new communication systems such as the phone today.

Sources: https://www.elon.edu, https://www.britannica.com/technology, https://www.diplomacy.edu

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Impacted Areas: The invention of the Cotton Gin impacted the U.S, primarily the southern region.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Cotton Gin is a device that separates cotton fibers from their seeds. The Cotton Gin made the production of Cotton faster and easier. The Cotton Gin had impacted the U.S economy, and also was the starting point for many different cotton inventions that were made later on.

Source: https://www.archives.gov, https://constitutioncenter.org, https://www.history.com, https://study.com

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Invention of the Internal Combustion Engine (1876)

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Invention of the Internal Combustion Engine (1876)

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Impacted Areas: The Invention of the Internal Combustion Engine impacted Europe, Norway, Israel, and Singapore.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Internal Combustion Engine is "an internal combustion engine is a type of engine in which fuel and air are burned in a confined space to create a high-pressure gas mixture". The Internal Combustion Engine increased transportation due to the rise in automobiles such as "cars, and planes, this also led to economic growth."

Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com, https://www.environmentandsociety.org

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) (1884)

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) (1884)

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Impacted Areas: The Invention of the Machine Gun impacted the whole world but specially countries like Germany, Britain, France, Russia, and the United States.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Machine Gun is an "automatic weapon of small calibre that is capable of sustained rapid fire". The Machine Gun "increased firepower in warfare and led to war in the trenches in World War l".

Sources: https://www.britannica.com, https://online.norwich.edu, https://www.loc.gov

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The First Airplane was Invented (Wright Brothers) (1903)

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The First Airplane was Invented (Wright Brothers) (1903)

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Impacted Areas: Although the invention of the first airplane now impacts the entire world, it first impacted the U.S, France, and Germany.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The First Airplane was the first "heavier than air" aircraft to be flown in the air. The First Airplane was just the start to what has now come with aircraft, which is mostly used for traveling. Now there are many different types of planes, and all of these planes help humans see the world, and move items from one place to another faster.

Sources: https://www.smithsonianmag.com

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Impacted Areas: The Invention of Plastic impacted the entire world, starting with The United States.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: Plastic is a synthetic material made from polymers. Plastic is the key to many pieces of technology such as cell phones, and it is also used in ways such as organizers. Plastic has made certain countries economies grow, and has been a convenience in people's everyday lives.

Sources: https://plasticsbusinessmag.com, https://www.sciencehistory.org, https://www.ecoenclose.com

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Impacted Areas: The Creation of the Model T impacted countries like The U.S, Canda, England, and Germany, but changed how the world creates cars now.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Model T was an automobile released by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 to 1927. The Model T had changed the affordability in vehicles. The Model T was the inspiration for many cars that have been created to this day.

Sources: https://www.heritagesociety.org, https://corporate.ford.com, https://www.thehenryford.org

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Impacted Areas: The Chinese Revolution impacted China, The United States, and The Soviet Union.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Chinese Revolution was a¨group of revolutionaries in southern China that led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty¨. The Chinese Revolution ended the ¨Qing Dynasty¨ and formed the ¨Republic of China¨.

Sources: https://history.state.gov

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Impacted Areas: The battle of Somme had impacted countries like Germany, France, and the British Empire.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Battle of Somme was an atelier battle between Germany and Britain, and began with hopes from Britain to weaken Germany's defence. This battle created a new way to battle. The Battle of Somme continues to impact military strategy.

Sources: https://www.nam.ac.uk, https://www.history.com

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Impacted Areas: The Russian Revolution impacted Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Poland.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Russian Revolution was when ¨the peasants and working class people of Russia revolted against the government of Tsar Nicholas II¨. The Russian Revolution led to ¨the abolishment of monarchy, and the adoption of a socialist form of Government¨.

Sources: https://byjus.com, https://www.history.com

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Impacted Areas: The invention of the Radar impacted many countries especially during WWII including, The U.S, Britain, Germany, and Japan.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The radar is a device that can detect far away objects using electromagnetic waves. The Radar changes military strategies and changes how we find news about weather, navigation, and helps with research.

Sources: https://www.cbsnews.com, https://www.noaa.gov, https://www.britannica.com

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An Atomic Bomb is Dropped on Nagasaki (1945)

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An Atomic Bomb is Dropped on Nagasaki (1945)

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Impacted Areas: The Atomic Bomb dropped on Nagasaki mostly only impacted Japan, but also impacted the other countries in WWII by the surrender of Japan.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Atomic Bomb dropped on Nagasaki was the 2nd bomb U.S dropped on Japan during WWII. This changed how people attack during wars from then on, even though no nuclear weapons have been used since this attack. Now there are more military strategies that include bombs, and lead to less casualties by the offensive side.

Sources: https://www.history.com

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Impacted Areas: The Green Revolution impacted Asia, India, Pakistan, Mexico, and the Philippines.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Green Revolution was ¨the increase in agricultural production that has been made possible by the use of new types of crops and new farming methods¨. The Green Revolution had increased crop production and food percentages drastically in the impacted areas.

Sources: https://www.collinsdictionary.com

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Impacted Areas: The Cuban Revolution impacted all of Latin America by inspiration.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Cuban Revolution was an ¨armed uprising in Cuba that overthrew the government of Fulgencio Batista¨. The Cuban Revolution had changed their whole constitution, and increased their economy.

Sources: https://www.britannica.com, https://study.com

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Impacted Areas: The Digital Revolution impacted the entire world with specific countries like Singapore, South Korea, and the United States.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Digital Revolution was ¨the advancement of technology from analog electronic and mechanical devices to the digital technology available today¨. The Digital Revolution created all the technology that was ever made, and has ¨helped with communication, entertainment, and education etc,¨.

Sources: https://kipm.edu.in, https://dapth.com

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon (1969)

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon (1969)

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Impacted Areas: Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon directly impacted the United States, but indirectly impacted the entire world.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon made him the first human to ever step onto the moon. After seeing that this was possible it led to an "acceleration of technological advancements in space exploration".

Sources: https://airandspace.si.edu, https://features.miami.edu

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Impacted Areas: The creation of Atari Pong impacted the entire world, staring with The United States.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: Atari Pong is an electronic game, known for becoming one of the first successful video games. Atari Pong has changed how all video games were looked at, and how inspiration grew for more video games to be created.

Sources: https://www.britannica.com, https://www.history.com

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Impacted Areas: The creation of the World Wide Web has impacted the entire world, although some countries have more restrictions such as China, Vietnam, and Cuba.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The World Wide Web is the access to different web pages across the Internet. The World Wide Web changed how people get information, and how people communicate with one another. To this day the World Wide Web still helps people communicate no matter where they are in the world, and helps with researching.

Sources: https://artsandculture.google.com, https://www.techtarget.com, https://home.cern

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Impacted Areas: The launch of Facebook is global, and impacts the entire world.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: Facebook is a social media app used to connect people around the world. Facebook changed how people connect with each other using videos, photos, and comments to chat. This continues to impact the world by the amount of people that have this app downloaded and use it on a daily to stay updated on what's going on in the world.

Source: https://www.bbc.com

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Impacted Areas: Almost every country in the world is impacted by the creation of the Iphone, except for countries such as Syria, North Korea, Cuba, and Sudan that do not have iphones.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: The Iphone is a smartphone created by the brand Apple. The Iphone has created a new idea of telephones. Iphones are still being produced today, and impact the world economically, and socially allowing for income, and interactions between people over the phone.

Sources: https://web.colby.edu, https://www.techtarget.com, https://time.com

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Impacted Areas: The creation if ChatGPT has impacted most of the world with some exceptions such as China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea which have bans against the product, and some other countries have restrictions.

Importance/Impact When it Happened: Chat GPT is an AI system that can answer questions, and chat with you. Chat GPT is the start of a stronger use of AI, and has changed how some people do their research. This continues to impact the world by being able to provide for people in any area they need.

Source: https://www.tdk.com, https://www.coursera.org, https://www.click4assistance.co.uk, https://www.click4assistance.co.uk