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Tropic Climate:

Hottest month: May(28.9°C)

Coldest month: January(27.3°C)

Highest precipitation: December(310.5mm)

Lowest precipitation: February(107.2mm)

General feature: Humid with average similar temperatures all year long as well as dry and wet seasons.

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Sunda Clouded leopard from Singapore, Singapore

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Sunda Clouded leopard from Singapore, Singapore

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Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi), are well-adapted to its tropical climate due to their nocturnal behavior, excellent climbing skills, and heat tolerance. Their spotted coat provides camouflage in dense forests, while their strong limbs and flexible ankles allow them to navigate trees with ease. They regulate body temperature by resting in shaded or elevated areas and hunt a variety of prey, making them adaptable predators. However, habitat loss and urbanization in Singapore would make it difficult for them to re-establish a population.

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Mediterranean Climate:

Hottest month: August(25.6°C)

Coldest month: January(10.0°C)

Highest precipitation: September(85.5mm)

Lowest precipitation: June (22.2mm)

General feature: Hot summers and mild winters. Dry in summer and wet in winter.

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Iberian wall lizard from Barcelona, Spain

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Iberian wall lizard from Barcelona, Spain

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The Iberian wall lizard (Podarcis hispanicus), is well-adapted to its Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild winters. Its scaly skin helps retain moisture, while its ability to bask in the sun allows for efficient thermoregulation. The lizard’s agility and small size help it escape predators by hiding in crevices or darting through vegetation. As an opportunistic feeder, it thrives on insects, spiders, and small invertebrates, making it highly adaptable to urban and natural environments.

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Climate Chart, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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Climate Chart, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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Arid Climate:

Hottest month: July(36.2°C)

Coldest month: January(19.4°C)

Highest precipitation: February(23.8mm)

Lowest precipitation: June-September (0mm)

General feature: Hot and dry all year long, slightly hotter and drier during summer.

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Arabian Oryx from Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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Arabian Oryx from Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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The Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx), native to the Arabic arid climate, is well-adapted to extreme heat and scarce water. Its white coat reflects sunlight, reducing heat absorption, while specialized kidneys minimize water loss. It can survive for long periods without drinking by obtaining moisture from plants and conserving energy by being most active during cooler hours. Its wide, splayed hooves allow for easy movement across sandy terrain, and its keen sense of smell helps locate vegetation over long distances, making it highly suited to desert life.

Insight:

In desert (arid) climates, like in Dubai, some animals have developed the ability to survive without drinking water at all! The Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella marica) can go its entire life without directly drinking water, getting all its moisture from plants. To conserve water, it can shrink its liver and heart during droughts to lower its metabolism, reducing the amount of moisture lost through breathing. This extreme adaptation allows it to thrive in one of the driest environments on Earth!

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Tundra Climate:

Hottest month: July(7.6°C)

Coldest month: February(-8.6°C)

Highest precipitation: September(151.4mm)

Lowest precipitation: January (61.8mm)

General feature: Very cold temperatures, high precipitation.

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The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), native to the tundra, is highly adapted to Greenland’s freezing climate. Its thick fur provides insulation, and it changes color seasonally--white in winter for camouflage in snow and brown in summer to blend with the tundra. Small, rounded ears and a compact body minimize heat loss, while its bushy tail helps with warmth when curled up. It has a keen sense of smell to locate prey beneath the snow and an opportunistic diet, feeding on lemmings, seabirds, carrion, and even scavenging from polar bear kills, ensuring survival in harsh conditions.

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Continental Climate:

Hottest month: August(26.2°C)

Coldest month: January(-2.0°C)

Highest precipitation: July(403.2mm)

Lowest precipitation: January (16.8mm)

General feature: Four very distinct seasons, drier winters and wet summers.

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The Racoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), native to Seol, is well-adapted to seasonal changes. It has a thick, dense coat that provides insulation in winter and is shed in warmer months to prevent overheating. Being an omnivore, it can survive on a varied diet, including small animals, fruits, and scavenged food, making it highly adaptable to urban and natural environments. Its nocturnal and secretive nature also helps it avoid predators and human disturbances in the bustling city.

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Temperate Climate:

Hottest month: July(17.8°C)

Coldest month: January(4.9°C)

Highest precipitation: October(74.6mm)

Lowest precipitation: March (43.2mm)

General feature: 4 milder seasons than continental, with more consistent precipitation.

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The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is well-adapted to the temperate climate. Its spiky coat provides protection from predators, while its ability to hibernate helps it survive cold winters when food is scarce. As a nocturnal omnivore, it feeds on insects, worms, and small invertebrates, thriving in gardens, parks, and wooded areas. Its adaptability to both rural and urban environments make it a common sight in London’s green spaces.