# data[].attributes.body
A convenient and simple way to represent an element and its valence e-

# data[].attributes.headline
Difference between Ground and Excited State. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Difference between Ground and Excited State. 

# data[].attributes.body
A Ground State refers to the lowest possible energy level of an atom or molecule, where all electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels, while an Excited State is in any higher energy level above the ground state.

# data[].attributes.body
electrons fill the lowest energy orbital

# data[].attributes.body
This is when there are a lot of inner core electrons blocking the attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative valence electrons.

# data[].attributes.body
The charge of an Ion

# data[].attributes.body
There is a limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known.

# data[].attributes.body
A mathematical description of the wave properties of e and other tiny particles

# data[].attributes.body
A theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mathematical relation of wavelength and frequency

# data[].attributes.subject
Mathematical relation of wavelength and frequency

# data[].attributes.body
The speed (speed of light) of electromagnetic waves is the wavelength times the frequency.

# data[].attributes.body
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.

# data[].attributes.body
a convenient and simple way to represent an element and its valence e-

# data[].attributes.body
An abbreviated way to write electrons configurations. You use the symbol of the prior noble gas and followed by the remaining electron configuration

# data[].attributes.body
A convenient and simple way to represent an element and its valence e-

# data[].attributes.body
Specific patterns in the periodic table to make a prediction of an element's properties.

# data[].attributes.body
1st shell - 2 electrons

2nd shell - 8 electrons

3rd shell - 18 electrons

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
No 2 electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers

# data[].attributes.body
When electrons are in their grounds state, they have very low energy. But when electromagnetic radiation is absorbed, it excites the electron and causes it to jump to the next energy level. For electrons in the excited State, when they release energy the electrons drop an energy level.

# data[].attributes.body
To represent the valence electrons of the atom list

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
When electrons in the inner energy levels block the attraction of the nucleus to the valence electrons

# data[].attributes.body
Electrons occupy orbitals from lowest to highest

# data[].attributes.body
Cannot know both the position and speed of the particle with perfect accuracy.

# data[].attributes.body
excited state: releases energy

ground state: absorbs energy

# data[].attributes.body
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. This includes energy, orientation, shape, and spin. Also if electrons are in the same orbital they must be spinning opposite ways.

# data[].attributes.body
e- fill the lowest orbital first

# data[].attributes.headline
periodic trends (non-metallic and metallic character)

# data[].attributes.subject
periodic trends (non-metallic and metallic character)

# data[].attributes.body
It is impossible to determine the position and velocity of an electron or other particle simultaneously.

# data[].attributes.body
Orbitals of equal energy each get 1 electron before any orbital gets a second pair.

# data[].attributes.body
Aufbau principle

Hund's principle

Pauli exclusion principle

# data[].attributes.body
When an electron temporarily occupies an energy state greater than its ground state, it is in an excited state

# data[].attributes.body
over two is ionic

under two is polar

under .5 is covalent

# data[].attributes.body
 no two identical fermions in a system can occupy the same quantum state

# data[].attributes.body
Ground state is absorb energy that they can jump to a higher energy level, When they are in excited state and energy is emitted as light and they drop an energy level to the group

# data[].attributes.body
The size of the force varies inversely as the square of the distance between the two charges.

# data[].attributes.body
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible, infrared, UV, X-ray, gamma

# data[].attributes.body
Orbitals of equal energy each get 1 electron before either get pairs

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
electrons must be going in different directions in an atom

# data[].attributes.body
cations have more protons than elections and anions have more electron than protons

# data[].attributes.body
Cations are positively charged ions while anions are negatively charged ions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
anions are larger than normal atoms. Cations are smaller than normal atoms.

# data[].attributes.body
The higher the energy change of the electron, the higher the frequency of the emitted electromagnetic radiation.

# data[].attributes.body
As the atomic number increases so does the nuclear attraction, which pulls the electrons more tightly into the nucleus.

# data[].attributes.body
we cannot know both the position and speed of a particle, such as a photon or electron, with perfect accuracy

# data[].attributes.body
explains how electrons are arranged using quantum numbers like the aufbau principle and Pauli exclusion principle

# data[].attributes.body
These laws determine the electron configuration.

# data[].attributes.body
An atom is considered stable when the forces within its nucleus are balanced, meaning there is a proper ratio of protons to neutrons, and it does not readily decay or emit radiation

# data[].attributes.body
Ionization energy required to remove one e from a neutral atom of an element. Tends to increase as you move up a group and increase as moving right in a period.

# data[].attributes.body
like charges repel each other while unlike charges attract

# data[].attributes.body
Each shell can hold a max of e. each shell has sub-levels which are lettered S,P,D,F such as 2,6,10,14

# data[].attributes.body
As atomic number increases, nuclear attraction for electrons increases. This pulls the electrons in more tightly towards the nucleus.

# data[].attributes.body
The Bohr model depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed, circular paths with precise energy levels, while the quantum model describes electron positions as probabilities in a 3D orbital.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
quantum model of atom vs bohr model - Google Search

# data[].attributes.body
A cation will look more full and positive while an anion will look less and more negative

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Ground State is the lowest energy level, while the Exited State is an electron that absorbed energy and moved up an energy level 

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Transition elements (also known as transition metals) are elements that have partially filled d orbitals. IUPAC defines transition elements as an element having a d subshell that is partially filled with electrons, or an element that has the ability to form stable cations with an incompletely filled d orbital.

# data[].attributes.headline
3 Laws that determine the electron configuration

# data[].attributes.subject
3 Laws that determine the electron configuration

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
4.03H (& 13.03CP) - Rules for Writing Electron Configurations

# data[].attributes.body
The shielding effect can be defined as a reduction on the effectiveness of the nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due to a difference in the attraction forces on the electrons in the atom

# data[].attributes.body
specific patterns on the periodic table to determine the elements properties

# data[].attributes.body
uncertainty principle states that we cannot know both the position and speed of a particle, such as a photon or electron, with perfect accuracy

# data[].attributes.body
The stability of an atom is determined by its reactivity or non-reactivity. More specifically, the stability of an atom is determined by said atom's electron configuration and resultant placement on the periodic chart.

# data[].attributes.body
Quantum theory is a branch of physics that explains the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
To predict ionic bonds, look for a large electronegativity difference between two elements, typically occurring when a metal (electron donor) bonds with a non-metal (electron acceptor) on the periodic table; a significant difference in electronegativity indicates a strong tendency for one atom to completely transfer electrons to the other, forming ions and resulting in an ionic bond

# data[].attributes.headline
Predicting iconic bonds in electromagnetically

# data[].attributes.subject
Predicting iconic bonds in electromagnetically

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
predicting ionic bonds based on electronegativity

# data[].attributes.body
a chemical property that measures how strongly an atom attracts electrons

# data[].attributes.body
the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom

# data[].attributes.body
An electron configuration is a description of how electrons are arranged around an atom's nucleus. It shows how many electrons are in each subshell and orbital. First write the energy level (the period), then the subshell to be filled and the superscript, which is the number of electrons in that subshell. The total number of electrons is the atomic number,

# data[].attributes.body
colors of wave lengths

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visble spectrum, ultraviolet, x-ray , gamma rays 

# data[].attributes.body
Anions are negative and they lose. While anions are positive and gain.

# data[].attributes.body
The concept of cations and anions are, cations are positively charged that has lost one or more electrons while anions are the opposite charge which makes them have a negative charge and they gain one or more electrons

# data[].attributes.body
a mathematical description for the wave properties of e and other tiny particles

# data[].attributes.body
A Cation is a positively charged ion that loose one or more electrons, while an Anion is a negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons.

# data[].attributes.body
a measure of the ability of an atom in a bond to attract e

# data[].attributes.body
They are bound by forces yet can still move through other objects.

# data[].attributes.body
Bohr Model shows electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed circular paths with energy levels. But the Quantum Model is when electrons are in wave like patterns in regions of space determined by probability.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Finding the electrons that are moving and surrounding the orbits.

# data[].attributes.body
The concept of electron configuration is that an element that describes how electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals

# data[].attributes.body
The Shielding Effect is the reduction of attraction between an atoms nucleus and it's outermost electrons. This happens when the inner shell electrons repel the outer shell electrons.

# data[].attributes.body
Total amount of electrons in the atom that they either gain or lose.

# data[].attributes.body
Anions

(-) ions

gained electrons

usually nonmetals

Cations

(+) ions

lost electrons

usually nonmetals

# data[].attributes.body
Periodic trends are patterns that are present in the periodic tables that shows the different aspects of certain elements when grouped by period and/or group.

# data[].attributes.body
Aufbau Principle : that at a ground state when the lowest ring is fulfilled.

Pauli Exclusion Principle : that identical atoms with a half integer spin can not occupy the same space.

Hund's Rule : electrons are by themselves before filling up pairs.

# data[].attributes.body
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers (energy, shape, orientation, spin)

# data[].attributes.body
As atomic number increases, the nuclear attraction for electrons increase, thus holding the electrons more tightly to the nucleus