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🟩🟩🟩 notes for BAC

🟦🟦🟦 notes for ORAL

🟥🟥🟥 notes for General Revsion

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The Renaissance was a period of cultural and intellectual revival, marked by renewed interest in classical knowledge and artistic innovation. Hallmarks of this era include:

A strong focus on humanism and the limitless potential of individuals.

Rediscovery and adaptation of ancient texts and literary forms.

The widespread popularity of sonnets.

Prominent literary figures such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.

Recurring themes of love, beauty, and human nature in literature.

The advancement of blank verse in dramatic works.

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link to model response⬆️

Structure:

first poem

- the overview

- 2 quotations

- in depth analysis

second poem

- the overview

- 2 quotations

- in depth analysis

contrast the two with each other conclusion

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This period emphasized rational thought, discipline, and pragmatic reasoning in literature. Key characteristics include:

Strict adherence to classical structures and literary conventions.

The use of satire and wit to critique society.

A strong emphasis on logic, order, and reason.

The novel gained prominence as a literary form.

Notable authors include Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift.

A focus on social issues and intellectual discourse.

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link to model response⬆️

Structure:

intro

- explain message/goal of text (what it is trying to persuade)

overview

- how the text is built up (sections)

- what tone is used + example

- list of features used + effect it has ( ethos etc )

Analyse 2 persuasive features per section

around 3 paragraphs

conculsion

- bring everthing back to what the author is trying to persuade us of

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Romanticism arose as a response to the rational ideals of the Enlightenment, celebrating emotion, nature, and imagination. Defining features of this movement include:

Prioritization of emotion and creativity over reason.

Nature as a profound and central theme.

An emphasis on individualism and personal expression.

Gothic elements infused within literary works.

Key poets such as William Wordsworth and Lord Byron.

The emergence of the lyrical ballad as a poetic form.

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Victorian literature mirrored the social, economic, and technological transformations of the time. Characteristics of this era include:

A focus on morality and contemporary societal issues.

The rise of realism in storytelling.

Serialization of novels, making literature more accessible.

Intricate and layered narrative structures.

Notable authors include Charles Dickens and George Eliot.

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Modernism represented a break from traditional literary forms, embracing experimentation and psychological depth. Its defining features include:

The development of the stream-of-consciousness technique.

Fragmentation in narrative structure.

A deep crisis of faith and authority reflected in literature.

Exploration of psychological complexities.

Influential writers such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.

The profound impact of the World Wars on literary themes.

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Postmodern literature deconstructs conventional storytelling and embraces uncertainty. Key characteristics include:

Meta-fiction and self-referential writing techniques.

Blending of diverse literary styles and genres.

Questioning of overarching cultural narratives.

Playful use of irony and absurdity.

Prominent authors include Jorge Luis Borges and Kurt Vonnegut.

Integration of digital and multimedia elements into storytelling.

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Furthermore

Moreover

In addition

Also

Not only that

Similarly

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For example

For instance

Such as

To illustrate

Namely

In particular

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However

On the other hand

Although

Even though

Whereas

Nevertheless

Despite this

In contrast

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Indeed

In fact

Above all

Most importantly

It is worth noting that

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In conclusion

To sum up

Overall

In summary

All things considered

On the whole

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Definition: When a sentence or phrase runs over from one line of poetry into the next, without a pause. Effect: Creates flow and momentum; can reflect movement, urgency, or uncontrolled emotion.

Example:
“I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I
Did, till we loved?”

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Definition: A deliberate pause or break in the middle of a line of poetry, often marked by punctuation (e.g. comma, dash). Effect: Creates tension, emphasizes the words before/after the break, or mirrors a character’s hesitation or emotional state.

Example:
“To be, or not to be — that is the question.”

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Definition: Repetition of 's', 'sh', or 'z' sounds. Effect: Can create a soft, soothing tone or a sinister, hissing effect—depends on context.

Example:
“Silent, the slippery snake slid slowly…”

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Definition: Repetition of vowel sounds within words. Effect: Enhances rhythm, creates mood, or draws attention to particular phrases.

Example:
“Poetry is old, ancient, goes back far.”

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Chat GPT model above ⬆️

Structure

Intro

connected my thesis to change question

first Paragraph on - Tess

quotation:

"But the essence of it is that I am not a proper woman, Angel; I am not worthy of you—no, I am not."

second Paragraph on - Tempest

quotation:

"Freedom, high-day! High-day, freedom! Freedom, high-day, freedom!"

Third Paragraph on - In those years

quotation:

"The great dark birds of history screamed and plunged into our personal weather."

"We were trying to live a personal life, and yes, that was the only life we could bear to live."

Conculsion

connected to thesis with summary of points

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Spellings

portray, respectful, regretful, beauty, lose, nevertheless

persuasive, referred, interrupt

lose, struggle, repetition, rhyme, rhythm

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Focus: Class struggle, ideology, economic power structures in texts.

Goal: Reveal how literature reflects or challenges capitalist ideologies.

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Focus: Gender roles, patriarchy, representation of women.

Goal: Highlight female voices and challenge gender bias in literature.

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Focus: Unconscious desires, fears, repression in characters/authors.

Goal: Analyze literature through Freudian or Lacanian psychological frameworks.

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Focus: Language instability, contradictions, shifting meanings.

Goal: Deconstruct fixed interpretations and binary oppositions.

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Focus: Power, identity, representation in the context of colonialism.

Goal: Expose Eurocentrism and recover suppressed voices.

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Focus: Gender fluidity, heteronormativity, sexual identity.

Goal: Challenge traditional representations of gender and sexuality.

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Focus: Story structure, narration, temporality.

Goal: Analyze how narratives are constructed and their effects.

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Types of Borders:

Not just physical—also cultural, emotional, linguistic.

Migration:

Internal migration causes identity shifts and cultural dislocation.

Language:

Language barriers reflect exclusion and adaptation struggles.

Generational Divide:

Older vs. younger generations experience borders differently.

Memory & Identity:

Personal reflection reveals how boundaries shape who we are.

Literary Tools:

Metaphor and internal thoughts show emotional depth of crossing boundaries.

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Personal Growth:

Characters may change in beliefs, identity, or behavior due to experiences.

Cultural/Societal Change:

Reflects shifts in traditions, norms, or values across time or generations.

Conflict and Struggle:

Change often causes internal or external conflict before resolution.

Adaptation:

Characters must adjust to survive or thrive in new situations.

Symbolism:

Change is often shown through setting, seasons, or recurring images.

Reflection and Realization:

Change prompts characters to reflect on who they were and who they are becoming.

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Hierarchy and Control:

Examines who holds power and how they use or abuse it.

Oppression and Resistance:

Focuses on marginalized individuals or groups pushing back against authority.

Shifts in Power:

Power can change hands, revealing instability or transformation in relationships.

Influence of Language:

Words, tone, or silence can assert dominance or submission.

Social and Political Structures:

Power dynamics often reflect class, gender, race, or institutional roles.

Psychological Impact:

Shows how power affects self-worth, identity, and behavior.

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Poetry that breaks free from traditional structure, no consistent rhyme scheme or meter. It flows like natural speech and gives poets full creative freedom.

Example:

The wind does not ask permission,

it moves through alleys and across oceans,

shifting leaves and cities alike.

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Poetry written with a regular meter—most often iambic pentameter—but without a rhyme scheme. This form has been widely used in English literature, especially from the Renaissance onward. It features prominently in the works of authors like John Milton and William Wordsworth.

Example:

The morning sun ascends behind the hills,

and light spills slowly through the silent trees.

A breath of earth, still wet with evening's chill,

now stirs the fox from sleep beneath the pine.

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Poetry with both a structured rhythm and a clear rhyme scheme. This is what many people associate with “traditional” poetry.

Example (AABB rhyme scheme):

The sky grew dark as thunder shook the land,

the sea rose high and swallowed up the sand.

The lighthouse stood, defiant in the rain,

its beam a pulse against the storm's refrain.

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A line of verse made up of ten syllables in five pairs, where each pair (or "foot") follows an unstressed-stressed pattern. It's the heartbeat rhythm of English poetry, especially in drama and epic verse.

Example:

I walked along the shore at break of day.

(da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM)

This meter gives a steady, formal rhythm and is famously used by Shakespeare, as well as poets like Alexander Pope.