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1) Choose ONE option

2) Read and research about the Myth related to the Moon you have chosen.

3) Determine what is FACT and what is FOLKLORE in this Myth.

4) Present the most important characteristics of this Myth in a Mood Board.

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Chang'e ( Chinese: ; pinyin: , unofficially rendered as Chang-Er or Chang-o for simpler pronunciation), originally known as Heng'e, is the Chinese goddess of the Moon. She is the subject of several legends in Chinese mythology, most of which incorporate several of the following elements: Houyi the archer, a benevolent or malevolent emperor, an elixir of life, and the Moon.

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OVER THE MOON | Official Trailer #2 | Netflix

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For centuries, a "total eclipse of the Moon" has inspired mythology, folklore, songs, and even movies. (Watch out for the werewolves!) Let's revisit the ancient stories and superstitions about the "Blood Moon."

Here at The Old Farmer's Almanac, we have been recording celestial events and eclipse dates since 1792-but the mythology goes back centuries. It's fun to separate the facts from folklore ...

Why Does the Moon "Disappear" During an Eclipse?

Folklore: For centuries, people around the world struggled to explain the momentary disappearance of the Moon that resulted from a total lunar eclipse. This astronomical phenomenon was often faced with fear, although occasionally with wonder. Here are two (of many) ancient stories from around the world:
The Moon Goddess
The Incan Empire was a vast empire in South America that flourished from the early 15th century A.D. up until its conquest by the Spanish in the 1530s.

They called their Moon goddess Mama Quilla and thought that she cried silver tears. They believed that lunar eclipses were caused by an animal or serpent attacking Mama Quilla. Their custom was to try to scare away eclipses by making as much noise as possible.

In mythology, this animal is often a big cat (a jaguar) that attacks the Moon; the blood-red color is the result of the cat's attack. However, the Incan warriors ultimately prevail in scaring away the predator by making noise-plus exciting their dogs so that they howl and bark.

The world's earliest civilization developed in Mesopotamia in southwest Asia; this culture's influence extended throughout Egypt, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East from the prehistoric period to the Arab conquest in the 7th century A.D.

Mesopotamians believed the Moon was being attacked during a total lunar eclipse. By association, they saw that their king might be assaulted as well.

These ancient peoples were able to predict the Moon's phases and the natural pattern of when a total lunar eclipse might occur. During a total lunar eclipse, they would protect their king by hiding him and installing a substitute ruler. When the total eclipse had passed, their king came out of protection and resumed his position as ruler.

Fact: We now know that a total lunar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Earth, and Moon line up so that Earth's shadow covers the entire Moon. Consequently, the normally bright full Moon is shielded from the Sun's direct rays and seemingly "disappears" (although not as much as a new Moon does).

Read more about the mythology and superstitions regarding solar eclipses.

What Exactly is a "Blood Moon"?

The name "Blood Moon" gathered a lot of attention back in 2014-2015, when there was a " lunar tetrad "-a rare occurrence of four consecutive total lunar eclipses at approximately 6-month intervals. Some organizations attached religious significance to this astronomical event-suggesting that it was a sign of the end times. The term "Blood Moon" was attributed to statements in the Bible.

For example, statements in the Acts of the Apostles 2:20 read, "The sun will be turned into darkness and the moon into blood before the day of the Lord comes, that great and terrible Day." The Blood Moon is also featured in Revelation to John in passage 6:12, which states: "When he had opened the sixth seal, there was a violent earthquake, and the sun went as black as sackcloth; the moon turned red as blood all over."

Fact: During a total lunar eclipse, thanks to the partial blocking-out of the Sun's light by Earth's shadow, the Moon turns an orange-red color, which results in a reddish glow throughout Earth's atmosphere. This has been called a "Blood Moon," although it appears to be more of a coppery color to many of us.

Do Supermoons Cause Higher Tides and Tsunamis?

Folklore: Tsunamis and higher tides can be caused by the increased gravitational pull of a Supermoon.

Fact: The 2019 total lunar eclipse will occur during a Supermoon-when the Moon is closest to Earth in its orbit. The Moon's orbit is elliptical, so it's not unusual for the Moon to periodically come closer or go farther from the Earth. The tides, of course, do rise and fall because of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun and the rotation of Earth. And the Supermoon will exert 42 percent more force at its closest point to Earth than at its farthest. So, yes, a Supermoon will cause higher tides.

Tsunamis, however, are caused by geological events here on Earth, such as shifting tectonic plates or landslides falling into the ocean. The tidal effect from the Moon won't induce a tsunami.

Do Full Moons and Lunar Eclipses Cause Earthquakes?

Folklore: There is a higher chance of an earthquake occurring during a full Moon and a lunar eclipse.

Fact: In a recent study based on data from over 200 earthquakes, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) concluded that there's no apparent correlation between the full Moon and the occurrence of earthquakes. However, a separate study from Japan found that when earthquakes did coincide with the full Moon, the earthquakes tended to be stronger.

This being said, the gravitational effects of the Moon are just so minute compared to the energy needed to move Earth that the probability of a high-magnitude earthquake being caused by any particular phase of the Moon seems very, very small.

Do Lunar Eclipses Affect Human Behavior?

Folklore: Here at The Old Farmer's Almanac, we have collected and written much about Moon folklore-including the Moon and childbirth, marriage, good luck, and planting crops.

Many people believe that the full Moon affects human behavior and psychology. The Latin name for the Moon- Luna -is the root of modern words like "lunacy," "lunatic," and even "loon," as in "crazy as a loon."

Some police forces suggest that there is a correlation between violent incidents and full Moons. See our article " Does the Full Moon Make People Crazy? "

Fact: Science says that there is no clear statistical evidence of a full Moon affecting human behavior. Yet this belief about the Moon persists. Nurses and hospital staff often claim they also see more visits during a full Moon. Sometimes, there is no explanation.

My conclusion? Look out for werewolves!

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Myths and Superstitions about the Blood Moon

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For centuries, a "total eclipse of the Moon" has inspired mythology, folklore, songs, and even movies. (Watch out for the werewolves!) Let's revisit the ancient stories and superstitions about the "Blood Moon."

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Farmers' Almanac - Plan Your Day. Grow Your Life.

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The full Moon has long been tied to one of our favorite monsters, the werewolf. Learn about the legend behind this creature.

One of the most enduring beliefs is that the full Moon can cause some people to act strangely, thus the common refrain of "must be a full Moon" when things start to go haywire. This idea even made its way into our language, with words like "lunacy" and "lunatic" born from the Latin word "luna" for "Moon."

Werewolves

Popularized on screen by everyone from Lon Chaney Jr. to Michael J. Fox, Jack Nicholson, and Taylor Lautner, the idea of werewolves-men who shapeshift into wolves, often during a full Moon-goes back at least to the ancient Greeks.

Men who turned into wolves appears in battle accounts written by Greek historian Heroditus, as well in works by Roman writers such as Ovid, Virgil, and Pliny the Elder.

The Greek Myth of the Werewolf

In fact, one popular term for werewolves, lycanthrope, comes from Greek word lykos, meaning "wolf." One Greek myth concerns a man named Lycaon who was turned into a wolf by the gods as a punishment for trying to trick the god Zeus into eating human flesh.

Turning Into A Werewolf -A Gift or a Curse?

Depending on the culture and the time, lycanthropy is seen variously as a gift or an affliction. Among the Norse people, who coined the term werewolf, or "man wolf," it was once believed that a warrior could improve his ferocity by donning a wolfskin belt and taking on the spirit of the wolf, while people in parts of western Europe said that anyone could transform into a wolf by sleeping out under the full Moon on certain days of the year.

Elsewhere, being a werewolf was seen as an affliction, brought on by a pact with the devil, divine punishment, or just having the misfortune to be born that way. The idea of werewolves creating other werewolves by biting ordinary people isn't actually part of the old lore, but was a later addition by Hollywood, probably inspired by a similar belief surrounding vampires.

Among those who saw lycanthropy as a negative thing, cures were varied, including exorcism, potions (usually including the plant wolfsbane), having a witch doctor chant over the victim, surgery, piercing the suspected werewolf's hands with nails, or simply saying the person's name three times.

Though folklore includes some disturbing tales, werewolves, vampires, ghosts, and ghouls have been fascinating us for generations.

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The full Moon has long been tied to one of our favorite monsters, the werewolf. Learn about the legend behind this creature.

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July's total lunar eclipse, also referred to as the Blood Moon, was the longest lunar eclipse of the 21st century. In light of this spectacular and rare phenomenon that we were lucky enough to bear witness to, we contemplate the prowess of this celestial satellite that has been orbiting our Earth, guiding mankind each and every night throughout the entire existence of our solar system. A fascinating entity, the moon, it belongs to the things that transgress the boundaries of astronomy, astrology and religion.

The moon in Greek mythology

The Moon, known as Selene in Greek mythology, is our anti sun, shining bright through the darkness when the sun has retreated, giving our planet and all who inhabit it new possibilities and potential. The lunar cycle allows Selene to visit the earth during 8 phases every month. A natural deity, a credible, almost tactile goddess, Selene was revered by our ancestors in a similar way as the Sun was worshiped and respected. Greek mythology places her as the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, being the sister of the Sun God, Helios, and Eos, the Goddess of Dawn.

Although the Sun is responsible for the flourishing biodiversity of our world, there are many lifeforms that thrive in the moonlight. Nocturnal plants and animals are the living example that when nightfall comes, the world is far from asleep.

Mythological depiction of Selene

The origin of the name Selene is derived from the Greek word 'Selas' meaning light. She has been perennially present and affects the sea as she commands the tide with her magnetic pull. In Greek Mythology, Selene is said to have shone her magnificent silver light down from her ethereal chariot that was carried by two snow white horses, as she transverses the heavens at night.

Usually depicted with a crescent moon headdress that often resembled horns, Selene, together with Artemis (the Olympian Goddess of the Hunt) and Hecate (Goddess of Witchcraft) were all considered to be divinities associated with the moon. However, Selene was the sole, absolute moon incarnate, the ultimate embodiment and total personification of the moon as we know it today. Unlike other Greek Gods and Goddesses, Selene did not have dedicated temple sites, due to the fact that she could be seen and worshiped from almost everywhere. Writings suggest that she was mostly called upon for her guidance during two of her phases, that is, at the new and full moons during the Noumenia (new moon) and Dikhomenia (full moon) festivals. Ways of honouring Selene were gazing upon her grandness, offering libations and reciting odes and hymns.

Fable and legend of Selene

Her unmistakable, enchanting nature has made Selene a popular topic of countless poets throughout the ages. A long time favourite amongst love poets too, she has been the inspiration behind a proliferous literary heritage that spans centuries, civilisations and religious sects. After all, there is no denying that an immaculate moonlit night brings about the feeling of romance, and enamoured couples crave to share the sight of the astonishing moon with their loved one. Linked to this sentiment of romance that her presence exudes, myth has it that Selene had taken several lovers, including the mighty Zeus, Pan and the mortal Endymion.

Most interesting is the latter love affair. Fable has it that Selene became besotted with the handsome and charming youth, Endymion, with whom she bore 50 daughters. According to the legend, their love affair condemned Endymion to an eternal sleep, and Selene visited him every night to dote upon him. There are three theories as to why Endymion fell under the spell of eternal slumber. Whether he was cursed by a jealous Zeus, whether he choose it in order to remain youthful and ultimately become immortal, or whether Selene orchestrated this in order to admire him undisturbed for all eternity is not clear. The outcome of the legend finds Selene paying her beloved Endymion frequent visits in a cave on Mount Latmus.

Selene immortalised by Art and History

Selene has been celebrated widely in art and literature. She and her snow white chariot stallions appear on various marble effigies, sarcophagus detailing, pottery and paintings from Ancient Greece through to the Roman era and beyond. Famous hymns include Homer's who describes her as astonishingly beautiful, bright with lustrous hair, expansive wings and a golden diadem, referring to her as "white-armed" and "benevolent". Selene has been called "the eye of the night" by Aeschylus while the Orphic Hymns have attributed her horns and a flaming torch, dubbing her as "all-seeing" and "all-wise". She is known as an admirer of horses and represents vigilance, a consummate "foe of strife" who "giv'st to Nature's works their destin'd end", reinforcing her role as the ruler of the night.

In later times, Selene appears in Roman poetry and art, often together with the other lunar deities of Artemis and Hecate. History records that the daughter of Queen Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, and Roman General Mark Antony was named Cleopatra Selene. She was one of two surviving children, together with her twin brother Alexander Helios. Brother and sister managed to escape Octavius' wrath following his rise to power after the death of Julius Caesar while Cleopatra Selene later become the ruler of Mauretania.

Experiencing the full moon is absolutely magical, and people throughout the ages have been beguiled by its enchantment. Have you ever experienced the magic that the full moon exudes while on holiday in Greece?

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July's total lunar eclipse, also referred to as the Blood Moon, was the longest lunar eclipse of the 21st century. In light of this spectacular and rare phenomenon that we were lucky enough to bear witness to, we contemplate the prowess of this celestial satellite that has been orbiting our Earth, guiding mankind each and every night throughout the entire existence of our solar system.

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Myths and legends surrounding lunar eclipse from across the world - HT School

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Your Gateway To Fun Learning, Championing the cause of education through national-level initiatives.

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The myth of the moon goddess - Cynthia Fay Davis

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One of the most popular anime ever released, is a legend in anime culture around the world. Enticing both children and young adults, has been around in manga form since 1991, being adapted into its first anime by Toei Animation in 1992. Sailor Moon and her fellow Sailor Guardians are iconic pieces of childhood television programming, even for kids in North America and other countries outside of Japan.

It became a worldwide phenomenon, even releasing a brand new film -- Sailor Moon Eternal: The Movie -- over 20 years after its initial conception. However, one aspect of Sailor Moon that's never really talked about is the inspiration behind the main character and her counterpart, Tuxedo Mask. Here are the deep historical roots that helped inspire one of the most popular anime of a generation.

RELATED: The True Meaning of Sailor Moon Eternal: The Movie

Sailor Moon draws its origins from two main sources: Greek mythology and a traditional Japanese folk tale. While the content of the manga/anime lends itself more to the mythological story between Selene and Endymion, the folk tale The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter plays into it as well. The combination of these two sources created a ripe world of storytelling that Sailor Moon creator Naoko Takeuchi took full advantage of.

In Greek mythology, Selene is known as the goddess of the Moon. While there are other goddesses closely associated with the moon -- like Hecate and Artemis -- only Selene is known to truly personify it. Like any good Greek god or goddess, Selene took a number of lovers, but her most famous story is with Endymion, a mortal from Earth. She saw him in a cave and immediately fell in love as his beauty was unparalleled, even among the gods. Unfortunately, Endymion was caught in an eternal slumber, with unclear origins as to how that came to be. Whether Selene had a part in this remains up for debate.

Selene is always featured with a crescent moon upon her forehead as a symbol of her association with the moon. Sailor Moon, when in her sailor form, has the exact same symbol. In addition, the anime names Sailor Moon Serenity in her previous form as the moon princess. Serenity and Selene are eerily similar names, so it seems clear that her character was directly inspired by the Greek goddess. Tuxedo Mask's original name in the anime, Endymion, straight up takes the same one from Greek mythology. It's a direct adaptation of the moon goddess and her mortal lover.

RELATED: Sailor Moon Eternal: The Dark Moon Circus Hides a Tragic Origin

The other well of inspiration for Sailor Moon is the classic Japanese folk tale entitled The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter. The story was adapted by Studio Ghibli in 2013 for their film The Tale of the Princess Kaguya, directed by Isao Takahata. It tells of a rural bamboo cutter who stumbles upon an infant the size of a thumb in a stalk of bamboo. Having no children of their own, the bamboo cutter and his wife decide to raise the mysterious infant as their own. As she grows, she attains incredible beauty and becomes known throughout the land for it, despite the bamboo cutter's insistence on keeping her hidden.

Over time, the girl is approached by many suitors who will do anything for her hand in marriage, but she is unwilling. Eventually she reveals her true identity to her parents -- she's not from Earth at all, but rather the Moon. There are different versions of why she was sent to Earth. Some say it was a punishment of some kind, so she was sent to Earth to form material attachments only to have them stripped away from her. Other versions say she was sent there for protection during a celestial war. In either case, she eventually returns to the Moon, much to the sadness of the human parents who raised her.

RELATED: Sailor Moon Eternal Gives Uranus & Neptune Fans a Dose of Shipping Joy

Both of these stories play a major role in the origin of Sailor Moon. While Greek mythology is more obviously intertwined in the plot and theme of the manga/anime, The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter plays a role as well, featuring a character who does not want to return to the Moon because of her attachments on Earth.

Sailor Moon is a highly creative and expansive universe that features other wells of inspiration for stories and thematic elements, but these two resources are the main facets. The stories passed down from generation to generation throughout history still inspire current pop culture material in the best way possible.

KEEP READING: Sailor Moon Eternal: The Movie's Archvillain Is the Anime Maleficent

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How Greek Mythology and a Japanese Folk Tale Inspired Sailor Moon

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Sailor Moon is one of the most iconic anime of all-time. Here's the lesser-known story of its origins in Greek Mythology and a Japanese folk tale.

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Tsukuyomi - The Japanese God of the Moon

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The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009) - Jacob's Transformation Scene | Movieclips