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The United Nations Emblem, a map of the world and olive branches, has an important meaning. Olive branches often symbolize peace. Together with the map of the world, it is meant to show the organization's mission and hope for world peace and security. The emblem was discussed by the General Assembly from October 1946 - December 1946. It was designed by a team led by Oliver Lincoln Lundquist. The current emblem was chosen and accepted on December 7th, 1946. The flag with the emblem was approved on October 27th, 1947

For more information: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-emblem-and-flag

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The purpose of the United Nations is to make sure there is world peace and security. This means that the UN focuses on avoiding war through international cooperation. Through this effort, the UN also purses human rights for all.

Visit the site linked above for more information.

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What is the purpose or role of the United Nations? - Ask DAG!

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Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the United Nations

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The UN was involved in a peacekeeping mission in Namibia from April 1989-March 1990. There was a threat of a military conflict between South African, which had been controlling the country, and a miliary force. The UN was able stop the conflict from getting worse, and ensured a fair election.

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In 2006, after the resignation of the Liberian President and the end of the second Liberian civil war, the UN started a peacekeeping mission in Liberia. The mission was successful in disarming combatants and improving everyday life for civilians. Many Liberians say that they felt safer afterwards.

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Towards the end of the Salvadoran Civil War in 1989, the UN was asked to assist in finalizing agreements to officially end the war. The UN's main role was helping with negotiations. After the war officially ended, they also helped with reforms. The UN's mission ended in 1995.

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The League of Nations was an organization that focused on ending global conflict in order to prevent war. It was started in 1919 at the end of WWI. It was not successful because major powers, like the United States, were not involved. Additionally, it was hard for the countries that were involved to reach agreements. However, even if it failed, it showed the need for an organization like the UN.

For more information:
https://time.com/5507628/league-of-nations-history-legacy/

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This was a statement issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. It shared their goals for the end of WWII. It also shared Roosevelt's vision for life after the war. This included a vision of international cooperation and organization.

For more information:
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/atlantic-conf

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The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration released by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on August 14, 1941 following a meeting of the two heads of government in Newfoundland. The Atlantic Charter provided a broad statement of U.S. and British war aims.

The meeting had been called in response to the geopolitical situation in Europe by mid-1941. Although Great Britain had been spared from a German invasion in the fall of 1940 and, with the passage of the U.S. Lend Lease Act in March 1941, was assured U.S. material support, by the end of May, German forces had inflicted humiliating defeats upon British, Greek, and, Yugoslav forces in the Balkans and were threatening to overrun Egypt and close off the Suez Canal, thereby restricting British access to its possessions in India. When the Germans invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, few policymakers in Washington or London believed that the Soviets would be able to resist the Nazi onslaught for more than six weeks. While the British Government focused its efforts on dealing with the Germans in Europe, they were also concerned that Japan might take advantage of the situation to seize British, French, and Dutch territories in Southeast Asia.

Churchill and Roosevelt met on August 9 and 10, 1941 aboard the U.S.S. Augusta in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, to discuss their respective war aims for the Second World War and to outline a postwar international system. The Charter they drafted included eight "common principles" that the United States and Great Britain would be committed to supporting in the postwar world. Both countries agreed not to seek territorial expansion; to seek the liberalization of international trade; to establish freedom of the seas, and international labor, economic, and welfare standards. Most importantly, both the United States and Great Britain were committed to supporting the restoration of self-governments for all countries that had been occupied during the war and allowing all peoples to choose their own form of government

While the meeting was successful in drafting these aims, it failed to produce the desired results for either leader. President Roosevelt had hoped that the Charter might encourage the American people to back U.S. intervention in World War II on behalf of the Allies; however, public opinion remained adamantly opposed to such a policy until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Churchill's primary goal in attending the Atlantic Conference was "to get the Americans into the war." Barring that, he hoped that the United States would increase its amount of military aid to Great Britain and warn Japan against taking any aggressive actions in the Pacific.

Roosevelt, on the other hand, wanted the British Government to affirm publicly that it was not involved in any secret treaties, particularly ones concerning territorial questions, such as those concluded by the Allies during the First World War concerning the division of enemy territory at war's end. Roosevelt also wished to arrange the terms by which Great Britain would repay the United States for its Lend Lease assistance. Roosevelt wanted the British to pay compensation by dismantling their system of Imperial Preference, which had been established by the British Government during the Great Depression and was designed to encourage trade within the British Empire by lowering tariff rates between members, while maintaining discriminatory tariff rates against outsiders.

Churchill was extremely disappointed by Roosevelt's refusal to discuss American entry into the war. Furthermore, Churchill understood that several aspects of the proposed joint declaration might be politically damaging for the Prime Minister. Churchill worried that the abandonment of Imperial Preference would anger the protectionist wing of his Conservative Party. The Americans also proved unwilling to warn Japan too strongly against any future military action against British possessions in Southeast Asia. Finally, both Churchill and many members of his Cabinet were alarmed by the third point of the Charter, which mentions the rights of all peoples to choose their own government. Churchill was concerned that this clause acknowledged the right of colonial subjects to agitate for decolonization, including those in Great Britain's empire.

Nevertheless, Churchill realized that the joint declaration was the most he could accomplish during the conference. While the United States would remain neutral, the declaration would raise the morale of the British public and, most importantly, bind the United States closer to Great Britain. Therefore, when Churchill forwarded the text of the declaration to his Cabinet on August 11, he warned them that would it be "imprudent" to raise unnecessary difficulties. The Cabinet followed Churchill's recommendation and approved the Charter.

While the Atlantic Charter of August 1941 was not a binding treaty, it was, nonetheless, significant for several reasons. First, it publicly affirmed the sense of solidarity between the U.S. and Great Britain against Axis aggression. Second, it laid out President Roosevelt's Wilsonian-vision for the postwar world; one that would be characterized by freer exchanges of trade, self-determination, disarmament, and collective security. Finally, the Charter ultimately did serve as an inspiration for colonial subjects throughout the Third World, from Algeria to Vietnam, as they fought for independence.

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Milestones: 1937-1945 - Office of the Historian

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Declaration by the United Nations (1942)

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Declaration by the United Nations (1942)

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In January of 1942, 26 nations that were fighting against the Axis powers met in Washington, D.C. to officially support the Atlantic Charter. They all signed the document called the "Declaration of the United Nations."  This document pledge support for the allies and had to first mention of "United Nations." It was a name suggested by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

For more information:
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/decade03.asp

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Representative from China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom met in Washington, D.C. They discussed a future organization like the United Nations. From August - October of 1944, they proposed different ideas for the United Nations.

For more information:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Dumbarton-Oaks-Conference

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President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Premier Joseph Stalin met to discuss what would happen after the war in February 1945. This included international cooperation. Additionally, they also talked about the organization of Europe after the war.

For more information:
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-yalta-conference-at-seventy-five-lessons-from-history/

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Representatives from 50 different countries met in San Francisco in April 1945 to officially establish the United Nations. During this conference, they wrote and agreed on the UN Charter. The UN Charter was signed on June 26th, 1945. However, the UN did not officially begin until October of that year.

For more information:
https://www.un.org/en/about-us/history-of-the-un/san-francisco-conference

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Shot list:
Part I:
1. cu. Titles and credits. 49 49;
2. mls. U.S.A.F. transport aircraft approaching San Francisco. 62 13;
3. ls, mls. Various shots of Golden Gate Bridge. 93 31;
4. mls, ms. San Francisco street scenes; traffic, pedestrians. 134 41;
5. mls. Airplane lands. Preparations for arrival of delegates. 159 25;
6. mls, ms. Delegates arrive. Among them: Gen. Jan Christian Smuts (S.A.), Averell Harriman (USA), V. M. Molotov (USSR), Edward Stettinius (USA), Mdm. Chiang Kai-shek (China). 216 57;
7. mls. Aircraft arrives with wounded men. Ambulances stand by. 247 31;
8. ms. Wounded men carried from aircraft to ambulances. 286 39;
9. mls. U.S. flag flying over San Francisco Opera House. 291 5;
10. ls. Crossfade to interior Opera House. Delegates standing. 329 38;
11. ls. U.S. flag flying at half-mast over Opera House. 337 8;
12. cu, mls; Various shots of people staring up at U.S. flag; 362 25;
13. ls. Interior Opera House. Delegates take seats. 377 15;
14. ms. Pan from engineer at amplifier to Public address speaker. 392 15;
15. ms, mls. President Harry S. Truman (US) addressing UN Assembly. Pan to delegates who applaud, rise and chat informally. 468 76;
16. mls, ms. Delegates register at registration desk. 478 10;
17. mhs, ms. Various representatives sign register as UN delegates. 502 24;
18. ms, mcu. Delegates chatting informally. 530 28;
19. mls, ms. Various shots of committee meetings and speakers addressing assembly during the drafting of the UN Charter. 629 99;
20. cu. Animated diagram showing make-up of UN Organization. 739 109;
21. mls, ms. Ditto #18. 811 73;
22. mls, ms. Delegates tour various sites; shipyard, housing development etc. 889 78;
23. ms, cu. Delegates visit art exhibit. Cu’s of paintings. 994 55.
Part II:
Shot list: 1. ms. Exterior: Mosque of United Nations Theatre in San Francisco. 7 7; 2. ls. Interior: Delegates and audience seated in UN Theatre. 11 4;
3. ms. Delegates watch as picture screen in background flashes picture title, “Unconditional Surrender”. 16 5;
4. ls. Same as shot #2. 19 3;
5. ms. Shot of screen showing surrender of Third Reich. 41 22;
6. ms. Cut to projectionist in UN Theatre projection booth. 46 5;
7. lhs. Shot of screen; exterior – men walk through desolate area. 52 6;
8. ms, mcu. Shot of screen showing dead and dying in concentration camp. German civilian and American GI’s view scene of atrocities. 80 28;
9. ms. Delegates on foreground watch as screen in background shows ragged children in concentration camp. 94 14;
10. mls, ms. Various shots of debris in bombed-out German city. 105 11;
11. mls, ms, mcu. Interior: Delegates debate on make-up of UN Charter. Reaction shots of audience and delegates. Delegates and audience applaud adoption of vote. 315 210;
12. mls, ms. Exterior: People on street waiting for decision on UN Charter. 332 17;
13. mls, ms. Interior: UN Charter being signed by Wellington Koo (China), Paul Bouceout (France), Andrei Gromyko (USSR) and Lord Halifax (UK). 373 41;
14. mls. Edward Stettinius (US) signs charter and shakes hands with President Harry Truman (US). 403 30.
15. mls, ms. Exterior: Ambulances arrive with wounded veterans. Excellent crowd reaction shots. 451 48;
16. mls, ms. Interior: President Truman addressing UN delegates. 495 44;
17. ms, mcu. Exterior: Flags of represented nations flying in front of San Francisco Opera House. 526 31.