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Cultural humility is an approach that promotes respect and understanding of diverse cultures and backgrounds. It involves acknowledging the limitations of one's own cultural knowledge and embracing a lifelong journey of learning and self-reflection. In healthcare, cultural humility means healthcare providers approach patients with an open mind, recognizing that cultural differences can profoundly affect health outcomes. They seek to understand patients' cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and preferences, adapt their care accordingly, and engage interpreters or cultural liaisons when necessary. In education, cultural humility fosters inclusive classrooms by valuing and integrating diverse perspectives. Teachers actively learn about their students' cultural backgrounds, adjust their teaching methods, and encourage open discussions to create a welcoming learning environment for all. Whether in healthcare, education, or other fields, cultural humility involves humility, continuous learning, and a commitment to dismantling biases and prejudices. It leads to better relationships, improved outcomes, and a more equitable and inclusive society where individuals are valued for their unique backgrounds and experiences.

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Health equity is providing everyone with a fair opportunity to attain optimal health. I chose this picture to describe health equity because it shows the comparison between equity and equality and highlights why we should strive for health equity. On the left you can see that if each individual was given an equal pedestal, they would not be at an equal height. On the right you can see that when given a pedestal specifically tailored to a height best for them, then they are all at an equal height. The pedestals represent things like racism, differences in income and education, and other health disparities. To achieve health equity, these disparities must be addressed in order to provide individuals with just opportunities.

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Health inequity is defined as the unequal distribution of health resources and opportunities that results in disparities in health outcomes. Wealth, income, and power are three factors that contribute to health inequities, as illustrated in the diagram. The comparison between the two groups show a significant difference in health outcomes. The group on the left has limited access to health resources compared to the group on the right. In other words, some communities may have more healthcare services opportunities, while others may have limited access to healthcare services. Health inequity can have a significant impact on people, resulting in poor health outcomes and a lower quality of life for those who are disadvantaged. Recognizing health inequity is critical because early intervention can reduce health outcomes even further. By addressing health inequity, we can create a fair system for everyone and ensure that everyone receives proper treatment.

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Intersectionality is a concept that helps us understand how different parts of a person's identity like gender, race, class, etc. can overlap and interact and create disadvantages or discrimination against people. Intersectionality shows that a person's experiences and discrimination against them isn't simply just one thing or another but an overlap of different aspects that would influence their life. I chose this photo because in the middle it's intersectionality and the overlap could be different categories like gender, race/ethnicity, class, nationality, sexual orientation, abilities/disabilities, etc. There are so many factors that can affect your own life experience with discrimination and inequalities and intersectionality helps to break down different categories visually to help promote understanding and inclusivity with this social issue.

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Health inequity is when people don't have access to the same healthcare opportunities due to various factors. I chose this picture to describe health inequity because it gives a sense of all the obstacles some people have to face in order to get good/reliable health care needs. On the left side of the picture are the main factors that can affect the quality of care a person receives. In the middle, it gives a list of things that can stop someone from getting health care, reasons someone may need health care, and reasons that getting health care is difficult. On the right side, it has a box saying health outcomes to represent how all these factors affect someone's health. Health care is something that should be easily accessible and affordable for everyone who needs it, but unfortunately, that is not the case. All the factors listed above are reasons why health care is not equal. For example, if a family lives in a low-income area, most likely there is not a doctor's office within walking distance, and if they don't have a car, then that becomes an issue because the family doesn't have a way to get to the doctor's office. Health care is centered towards the middle-upper class, who have easy access to medical care and can easily afford it, making it inevitably harder for lower-income families to get the care they need, which is one of many points that my picture is making.

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Intersectionality refers to the different identities a person can identify with. It shows how two people with similar identities can be treated very differently. For example, a Black man and a Black woman will be treated very differently, even though they are the same race, but they are different genders. Or that a Black woman will be treated more differently than a White woman. Intersectionality shows that somebody can be a member of marginalized groups and be treated differently because of this, compared to other people who are not marginalized. People that are not marginalized have the privilege to not be affected by identities they were born with, like gender, sexuality, race, ability, family class and income, etc. The image above shows people of different genders, races, religion, able-bodied and not. Somebody in this picture will face different struggles than another person in this picture. Others in this picture might experience very few, or even none, of the struggles that marginalized people face.

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Health Equity is defined as the state of everyone having a fair opportunity to have a high level of health. This photo shows the difference between equity and equality. Most people always say that we need equality when we really should be striving for equity. On the left everyone has the same stool. While this is equality and everyone has an equal shot at getting to the pharmacy it does not promote equity. On the right side equity is being displayed. The person with the most disadvantage has the biggest stool. While the most advantaged person does not have one. These stools represent so many things that might put people at disadvantages for accessing health care. Equity is something we should be striving for.

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Health equity refers to a condition in which every person has the opportunity to achieve their healthiest state in a fair and just way. This means that everyone, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, gender, income, immigration status, etc., is able to be as healthy as they can. To achieve this is a difficult task as it requires societal efforts aimed at reducing or even completely removing barriers to health. These obstacles to health are closely related to the social determinants of health. Such barriers can include a lack of access to high-paying jobs, high-quality education, safe neighborhoods, quality housing, healthy environments, adequate healthcare, and more. Some groups of people are especially affected by such barriers and are even systematically placed in a position making them more prone to these obstacles. These groups consist of people of color, the poor, the disabled, immigrants, and more.

I chose the above image to represent health equity because it shows two different people reaching for the “best health possible.” These two individuals are different in that the person on the left is able to achieve his “best health possible” without any help, whereas the person on the right is only able to achieve his “best health possible” with the help of programs aimed at reducing health disparities. These programs may include public health promotion programs that are implemented to increase marginalized groups’ access to healthy food, fair healthcare treatment, safe environment, housing, physical activity equipment, public parks, education, jobs, grocery stores, healthcare information, health insurance, and more. For example, suppose someone lives in poverty and is surrounded by liquor stores but very few grocery stores and public parks. It would be more difficult for this person to eat a healthy diet and perform physical activity, which are two very important steps in maintaining optimal health, compared to someone who lives in a wealthy, safe neighborhood with many parks and grocery stores in close distance. Health equity would mean making it possible for the first person to achieve health just as much as the second person. The image displaying both individuals being able to reach the “best health possible” although one needed assistance portrays this concept well. Healthy equity aims to reduce health disparities in communities that need that extra “help” to allow everyone the fair chance to be their healthiest selves.

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Opportunity can be described as resources that allow people to be living as healthy as possible. Opportunities are determined by a population's social determinants of health such as the environment, income, age, education, etc. Although individual behaviors play a part in one's optimal health oftentimes the lack of resources is why people are not as healthy as they should or make poor choices. I chose this image because it has many resources that can allow a population to be as healthy as possible. Fair opportunities such as increasing affordable quality foods, transportation, and education for everyone will allow for everyone especially those who lack these resources or have poor health will acquire health equity.

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Intersectionality is described as characteristics or traits that make up our unique identities. Specifically, the term “intersection” means the place where our multiple different traits come together such as race, gender, nationality, religion, social class,..etc. that create who we are now. The main focus of intersectionality is about the discrimination of other people against someone's identities. The picture above shows a young woman being discriminated against by a group of three people who seem to have the same traits/characteristics. They are doing so well because they have a privilege of not to worry about being judged by their identities while the woman being discriminated against because of her identities are different from them. Is it because of her religious beliefs ? Her ethnicity ? Because she is poor ? Or because she is a woman ? Or maybe the combination of all of them ? An example of intersectionality above tells us about how a person is being treated unfairly not by one but by multiple characteristics at the same time. Intersectionality plays a major role in one’s life because it directly affects their quality of life such as opportunity to work, study, or live equally like anybody else which leads to inequities in the US.

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The American Medical Association described structural racism as the entire concept of discriminating against an individual for the color of their skin. We are able to see it in a variety of systems including in education, housing, criminal justice, employment and even in health care. The primary goal of structural racism is to maintain the ideology of white supremacy even if it entails to be unfair towards people of color and minority groups.

I chose this image because it gives a better visual representation of the many factors in which racism can be present. It also shows that it is an ongoing cycle that in some cases can overlap with each other. The image I chose also described the different types of racism that can be overlooked by many and goes into further detail on what each entails.

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Social Exclusion can be described as this position where an individual cannot fully participate in social, political, economic, or cultural life due to different factors like race, ethnicity, age, gender, disability, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. This exclusion or marginalization may not be necessarily conscious, intentional, or personal. However, it is built upon institutionalized policies and practices from the past that are still present today due to racism or bias. This affects individuals due to a lack of equal access to resources needed to achieve health equity or achieve critical opportunities in life like housing, voting, or marriage. Instead, they are faced with discriminatory practices like a biased justice system or unequal access to housing or financial resources. I chose this image because it illustrates the simple idea of being excluded. Still, it is missing the bigger picture of why individuals are excluded due to past and current implementation of structural and institutional discrimination. To achieve health equity, there needs to be a reduction in social exclusion and marginalization to ensure that everyone is provided with equal opportunities.

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Structural racism is policies of prcatices that result in an unfair advantage for some people and disadvantages for others simply because of their race. These policies can be see throughout our various systems including healthcare, housing, and criminal justice.

I chose this image because it reflects on of the aspects of structural racism that we see today. This photo dipicts the housing inequities that exist. On the left there’s a white guy living in a nice house in a good neighborhood compared to the other side where the man lives in a run down home in a not so good neighborhood. According to the US department of Treasury, minority groups make up a small percentage of homeowners compared to Whites due to being rejected even if their credit and finances check out. Even if they’re approved for homes they’re usually not in the best of neighborhoods or receive higher mortgages. Therefore lowering opportunities for minorities to live in better neighborhoods which can in turn affect their health.

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Structural racism is when systems and institutions unintentionally create disadvantages for certain racial groups due to historical discrimination and unfair practices. This results in unequal access to opportunities, limited representation of black, indigenous, and people of color, individuals in powerful positions, disparities in the justice system, healthcare, housing, and education, as well as economic inequalities.
I chose this photo because as we can see, the white person is looking at a clear sky through the binoculars whereas the person of color is looking at the building of a wall. Structural racism is a complex issue that persists even without overt racism. To address structural racism, society needs to implement fairer policies, promote diversity and inclusion, acknowledge historical injustices, and work to dismantle the barriers that perpetuate racial disparities.

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Many categories, such as race, ethnicity, culture, disability, sexual orientation, and class, that intertwine or overlap can influence one another. Unfortunately, those who have overlapping categories tend to experience discrimination or disadvantages. I wanted to choose a photo regarding the different pay types among women and men. However, male and female are just one category; this is not intersectionality. I chose this photo because it clearly shows the definition of intersectionality regarding different pay types. This picture shows gender, race/ethnicity, and color and how they intertwine. In this case, a woman (gender) who is white (race/ethnicity) has two interlinked identities, determining her pay is less than a white male's pay. The other two women are the same gender as white women, but because they contain more identities, such as race, nationality, and skin color, they receive less than white women and almost less than half of what white males make.

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Health inequity is viewed as the individuals not having the same fair chance to resources and opportunities when it comes to their health. In a brief description it is seen as unequal distribution of resources even when things may appear out of their control. For instance in the image and life itself health and money will always be seen as an inequity. There are individuals who may be fortunate enough to afford health care, health scans, and medicine needed while others may not. For those who may struggle financially, there could be instances where they skip appointments or neglect their medicine only because they know they would need to balance their resources. Another component to health inequity would be the community and lifestyle choices. Living styles in regards to community can be seen to others perspective as low income and middle class. In this there can be issues regarding to food access and even transportation to get to health appointments. Health inequity will affect many individuals life affect their health outcome and well being, but with reducing the disparities, these issues can be slowly fixed. Eliminating the inequities will allow for more individuals to have better health opportunities and outcomes. Promoting and helping one another will lead to a better lifestyle for many.

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Structural racism is a structure in which public policies, cultural representations, and other norms perpetuate racial inequality within a society. It is built into social, economic, and political systems. U.S. history and culture have allowed disadvantages associated with certain racial groups to last and adapt over time. I chose this image because it shows how structural racism leads to disparities in outcomes and opportunities. These disparities can be seen in areas like education, employment, and access to healthcare. Due to this, racial minority groups experience higher levels of chronic stress, limited access to healthcare services, increased exposure to environmental hazards, etc., all of which will lead to poorer health outcomes.

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Health equity is defined as everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain their highest level of health. It shows that people have different social, economic, and environmental situations that can affect their health and access to healthcare. We must address these disparities to ensure everyone has a fair opportunity to live a healthy life regardless of background or circumstances. I chose this picture because it shows the comparison of equality and equity. On the left side (pink), it shows equality everyone gets the same regardless if it's needed or right for them. On the right side (blue), it shows equity of what everyone gets they need, the public understanding the barriers, circumstances, and conditions. They are providing a ramp and signal speakers for those who need it. The sidewalk represents that it is important to reach equity because it stops people from going to their destinations or even puts them in danger.

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Health inequity is the differences in care that exist based on someone’s race, income, gender, or other factors. As one of the articles mentioned, health inequity exist especially within lower income communities. Where someone lives, how someone looks, or speaks have determined the level of care some people receive. If someone does not fit their quota, their level of care decreases tremendously. A lack of health care can affect an individuals personal life in many ways. For example, a lack of health care facilities with interpreters in a town may discourage a person from seeking treatment for their open wound. The wound may become infected ultimately affecting their line of work, effecting their income as well. Health equity affects a person’s entire life in a negative way, making it harder for certain individuals to be able to seek basic care. One can hope to have health equity, where individuals of different background get the appropriate care they need, regardless of what other’s may describe as limitations. I chose this picture because it simply shows the imbalances that can occur within healthcare.

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Social exclusion refers to the process of individuals or groups being treated as insignificant or left out from participating fully in society, economic, or political activities. This happens due to various factors such as discrimination, prejudice, and limited opportunities. Social exclusion plays a significant role in an individual’s mental and physical health. Negative effects such as increased stress, anxiety, loneliness. Minority groups, individuals with disabilities, and lower-income communities are more likely to be affected. The picture above is an example of the concept of social exclusion. It shows a woman being left out of a business conversation because of her gender. It is important to address these issues so that everyone can be treated fairly and included in society.

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Health equity requires that individuals have a fair and just opportunity to access health care and receive the care they need. Limiting disparities that are associated with the barriers that prevent them to seek efficient care. These barriers include not having insurance coverage, distance between clinics, and lack of cultural competency. The effects of receiving inadequate or no care is depleting to individuals who need it. Health equity is strongly important to assess the needs of populations to tailor to the needs of the community. For instance, members in lower economic status communities may need extra resources to sign up with governmental healthcare programs rather than in a higher status community that primarily has private insurance. As public health educators and students, it is important that everyone receives or has access to the proper care they need.

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According to the YouTube video, Intersectionality 101, intersectionality is the reality that we individually have multiple identities that intersect to make us who we are. The picture I chose to represent intersectionality is a crossroads. In the middle, all roads meet at one point, intersecting with one another. The sign has different signs pointing in different directions; they point to race, class, age, ability, and gender. This picture is a great example of how people can have many different characteristics that overlap. Intersectionality helps us look at individuals through different frames. It helps us identify on how greatly or little an individual is impacted based on their identity.

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Intersectionality is a concept that staes all forms of discrimination or oppression are linked in some way. Intersectionality can refer personally to an individual's life, or refer to the grand systemic failures of how we treat and regard each other as individuals. I selected this image to represent how all of these aspects of a person's identity work together sometimes in some way or another. A common example of this would be sexuality and culture. Typically, traditional families who are Black, South-Asian, or Hispanic/Latino find a varrying level of difficulty accepting that one or more of their children turned out to be queer in some way. Another example of this term would be the intersectionality of my ethnicity and perceived language to the public, as I work a movie theater job where I'm a brown-skinned Mexican and guests assume that I speak and understand Spanish when that is far from the case.

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Health equity is providing everyone with the treatment they need. When we think of fair, we think equal but in terms of healthcare equity would be the correct term. The reason being that some people may need more help or care whereas other may not need as much. This can also be true for other things like financially, resources, socially, etc.

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Social exclusion keeps someone from the group from attaining the same rights or opportunities as everyone within. The above image portrays an individual being excluded from the circle of people who have their arms linked like a barrier for that individual to get through. Economic status, gender, age, or ethnicity can exclude an individual from the group. For example, in society, unfortunately, in some communities, immigration status is taken into account to be part of something. Even the color of someone's skin can be looked upon to be included in the group of people. Health equity is a given right to everyone, regardless of their appearance or origin. Therefore, individuals need to understand there is no need for social exclusion within us, for everyone deserves an equal opportunity.

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Cultural humility refers to the personal admission that you are unaware of beliefs and practices of other cultures. An individual who wants to increase their cultural humility would have to make a dedication to life-long learning about other cultures. Cultural competence can often be confused with this and may even be used interchangeably yet both are unique concepts that can be differentiated from one another. Cultural competence refers to an individual who is fully aware of a culture and their norms and beliefs. Those who are culturally competent can be considered "done" learning, while cultural humility consists of a constant need to learn. To be fully competent in a culture that is not your own is extremely difficult. This is why most people choose to strive for increasing a better sense of humility for other cultures as it is more attainable. In a healthcare setting where providers encounter a multitude of different cultures, it is quite impossible to be an expert in every one of them. In order to increase cultural humility, it is extremely important for providers to at least familiarize themselves with the cultures that dominate the area they work and live in. Trying to understand their views and feelings regarding healthcare can offer insight on how to approach them and work through any issues that may be encountered. For example, certain cultures often eat foods that may not align with the healthy diets doctors usually suggest. When approaching those individuals, it is important to consider that they may not be able to completely shift their diets and recipes entirely. Rather, offering substitutes for certain ingredients that could be exacerbating any conditions that may be of concern can be a compromise that works for both parties.

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Health equity refers to making sure that each and every individual has access to the same healthcare as others despite differing factors. Some of these factors include race, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and more. With health equity, everyone is equal and has an opportunity to be able to reach their highest health status that they can attain. The image that I have chosen shows the difference between health equity and health equality. Treating people as equals when it comes to health care is simply not fair as everyone has different factors when it comes such as income or race, so treating them the same exact way as someone with a higher income would not be fair. The image of health equity shows that they are given two ladders of different heights  in order to better fit that individual's needs and to ensure that they are getting fair and the best treatment for them as an individual.

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Cultural Humility is the practice of learning about individuals' different backgrounds and cultural experiences. In the medical field is extremely important to establish Cultural Humility; that way they can understand their patients needs better.

I chose this picture because it shows how the nurse is helping the patient by discussing their beliefs, customs, and values. Also, the nurse is examining their beliefs to be able to assist the patient correctly. By doing this, the nurse will establish trust and improve communication.

In order to help patients, all medical workers need to learn about different cultures and beliefs that their patients may have since this country has a diverse population.

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Cultural humility is a process of lifelong learning and respect. It involves the notion that one cannot simply be able to know everything there is to know about different cultures and different people because it's all multi-dimensional. We also have to be critically aware of how we are thinking and what we are saying to avoid biases and in order to challenge already acquired knowledge. If in a position, such as a physician or other healthcare professional, one has to consider the power imbalances that exist in the physician-patient relationship to ensure that there is a sense of comfortability to provide the patient with great and equitable care.

The chosen image shows a group of people who come from various backgrounds. The flags represent just a small portion of the cultures that are out there in terms of ethnicity and nationality. There are many other cultures to which the people in the photo belong to aside from nationality. For example, some could be parents, first-gen college students, or trauma victims -- all participants of cultures that we may or may not know much about. Even if we know something about one part of someone's history or a culture's history, we should not assume anything about a person or community because that can be harmful. We need to follow the ways of cultural humility to truly understand, build rapport with communities, and assist in creating systems that allow people to be heard.

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Social exclusion is when certain people are treated in a manner that pushes them away from fully participating in society in a social, cultural, or economic manner. This can happen based on a multitude of different factors such as race, age, gender, disabilities, etc. This created negative tolls on an individuals  both physical and mental status. It also influences a persons access to  resources needed in society to have certain opportunities and even health equity. Instead many are faced with discrimination and limited opportunities. The photo i picked shows a homeless person who has been a martyr for social exclusion. They have very limited options for housing and job opportunities, as they are constantly met with bias and discrimination when searching for those opportunities.

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Intersectionality is a word that represents the reality that everyone has multiple identities that play a part in who someone is as a person. Such identities include sex, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, ability, and more. The image that I chose relates to intersectionality because although they all share one identity, which would be being a woman, they also have their own individual characteristics that set them aside from one another. Each woman may have different experiences throughout their life because some identities affect people’s lives more than they would for others. For example, although the women in the image may all face gender discrimination, a Black woman deals with racial discrimination while a white woman does not. This image displays the various identities people can have that shape them into the person they are.

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Health equity is ensuring each individual can attain the same level and quality of health, regardless of characteristics such as their race, financial situation, gender identity, etc. It is important to address everyone equally as well as provide them with the same opportunity to achieve the highest level of health, despite their differences, by accommodating their conditions and circumstances.

For example, in this picture equality means that everyone should be able to have the same thing; in this case, each person received the same identical bike. However, the same bike does not accommodate everyone's circumstances which means it is not the best fit as it might be small for one person but too big for another. However, providing a smaller bike or a tricycle for someone in a wheelchair defines health equity in which everyone is able to achieve the same equal opportunity of riding a bike by having their circumstances addressed.

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I chose this image because it illustrates the concept of intersectionality in a tangible way. Intersectionality recognizes that individuals have multiple identities, and these identities can intersect and overlap, leading to unique experiences and challenges. In this photograph, the diversity within the group of women reflects how individuals can have multiple identities, such as being a woman, a person of color, a member of the LGBTQ+ community, or a person with a disability. Each woman in the image likely faces unique forms of discrimination or bias based on her intersecting identities. By coming together in a demonstration, they highlight the interconnectedness of various social issues and advocate for equality and justice across all these dimensions. This image underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing the complex interplay of identities and experiences when discussing issues like gender equality and social justice.

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I chose this image to represent structural racism because it visually represents one of the most damaging and long-lasting forms of structural racism: Redlining. As this map shows, various parts of a city would be outlined and separated into different zones; each zone would receive a rating based on the financial risk associated with the area. This practice doesn't sound too damaging until you consider that the people making the decisions on ratings and zoning were wealthy white people, and those with the worst ratings were usually poor people of color. Zoning laws were used to isolate and force people of color into specific neighborhoods. If you lived in an area marked as a high level of risk or if you were a POC, you would struggle to get a loan to buy a house or business. While redlining has been eradicated for the most part, the neighborhoods marked in red ink decades ago are often less desirable neighborhoods to this day, and the lack of infrastructure developed in these zones is still felt. Zones marked as red were less likely to receive funding for infrastructure like parks, and businesses like grocery stores were discouraged from building in the areas due to difficulties getting loans in redline districts. Redlining is a form of overt racism inflicted by lawmakers and bank owners.

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Structural racism focuses on factors restricting opportunities, assets, authority, and wellness for persons and populations based on their ethnic origin, racial background, and other social standings. I chose this picture as a representation of what structural racism looks like for a person of color in the world of then and now. Structural racism has made it harder for people of color to obtain equitable access to good healthcare, housing, education, and employment opportunities.
In this scenario, the young man is trapped under this structural ideal. Research has proven that Black Americans are far more disproportionately prone to health conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, mental illness, etc. This comes as a consequence of prolonged exposure to stressful circumstances imposed by structural racism. A few examples of stressful conditions are trauma, economic hardship, racial prejudice, or being subjected to violence. These disparities apply to adolescents and equally affect infants, children, middle-aged adults, and senior citizens.

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Intersectionality describes not only the different ways an individual can face discrimination. Intersectionality represents the idea that an individual can face a specific type of discrimination. The idea that discrimination can stem from race, social class, gender, religion, or sexual orientation shows that discrimination can take place in many different forms. People can often face many types of discrimination all at once because they identify as part of those communities.

The image represents all the pieces that make up an individual. As you can see, in the image, there are multiple puzzle pieces that fit together to create one identity. I thought this image was representative of the idea of intersectionality. It shows that, although we might assume that one person can only experience one type of discrimination, people come from so many different backgrounds and have different experiences, that it is possible to experience more than one type of discrimination. The image further shows the uniqueness of each person, in a way that only fits that person, much like how the puzzle pieces are able to fit together to create one person. Which tells us that we can't speak for someone else to deny their experiences with racism. The only way to combat these thoughts, is to start to understand all types of communities and be more open-minded.

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Health inequity is when there is a difference in the health status or health resources of one population group as compared to another population group. These inequities arise from factors such as where the individuals are born, where they grew up, live, work, and their age. I chose this image because it shows that the environment, we are in cultivates our community and our community cultivates our health. As seen in the left image the tree is “dead,” this represents that when inequities are high, and the community assets are low then our health outcomes are bad. In the right image, we see that when inequities are low, and the community assets are high then the health outcomes are better. This is represented by the “healthy, living” tree. On the trunk of the right tree, we see the different community assets that there are in the community to help with the health inequities. For example, access to healthcare, jobs, and quality housing.

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Structural racism, also known as institutional racism, is best known as policies that place certain groups at a disadvantage over others and thus is quite difficult to change. As a public health major and a political science minor, I've learned voter suppression is a major form of structural racism. For instance, when voting laws were not as strict as they are today, governments attempted to suppress voters from marginalized communities. They would attempt to do this by purposely placing voting centers far away from marginalized communities so that it would be harder for them to commute and vote. This, of course, would inhibit members of these marginalized communities from voting, thus preventing their voices from being heard about issues that most matter to them, such as healthcare. If we were to delve further back into the past, it was well-known that governments would purposely require people of color, such as African Americans, to pass a written or reading exam in order to vote. Knowing that they had a poor education, government officials purposely required such a test so that African Americans could not vote. Although a test is no longer required to vote, there are still policies and laws that attempt to suppress the votes of marginalized communities since they are large in number and can result in major political decisions being made. Overall, the picture I selected is an example of structural racism because governments and politicians (in other words, those who are in power and wealthy as shown by the hand of an individual in a fancy suit) will attempt to design policies that suppress the votes and voices of those who need the most help.

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Cultural humility is the ability to be open to lifelong learning about other cultures, acknowledging your lack of knowledge of cultures, and recognizing and challenging power imbalances. I chose this picture the glasses are demonstrating two different lenses, one that is foggy and another that is clear. I think this demonstrates that you don't see things clearly without cultural humility because of implicit bias, which limits your ability to address cultural barriers. Compared to when you commit to lifelong learning about other cultures and recognizing and challenging power balances among individuals and communities, you are able to address cultural barriers better.

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The process of excluding people or groups from particular social, political, or economic facets of society is known as social exclusion. It often entails preventing individuals from using opportunities, resources, and services that are accessible to other people. Several criteria, such as race, gender, ethnicity, disability, socioeconomic position, or different types of discrimination, may be the basis for this exclusion. I chose this picture because it displays an individual who suffers from social exclusion, which keeps her from having the same chances and full participation in social activities as her classmates. This exclusion impacts her immediate happiness, but it also has long-term effects on her growth and mental health.

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Intersectionality is associated with the understanding that every person has multiple identities that shape who they are and how they overlap with each other. It's the concept of characteristics, like race, gender, sexuality, class, etc., intersecting with each other and impacts how one sees the world and interacts with other individuals. With the overlapping, there is a result of discrimination and oppression that one might face more than another. Having multiple intersections can cause a person to deal with obstacles that some other individuals do not understand and also have a different way of thinking. The image I picked above is a person in the middle and all the things that are associated with it. It show the audience how we are not one or two characteristics but how important each characteristic is viewed and treated.  A person can relate to you by one identity but cannot by another, which can show discrimination and oppression.

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Health equity is the idea that every person, regardless of their social, economic, or demographic background, should have the same chance to achieve their highest degree of health. It contains a goal of eliminating differences in access to healthcare services and health outcomes based on racial, ethnic, gender, socioeconomic, or geographic considerations. The goal of health equality is to guarantee that everyone has an equal opportunity to live a healthy life and obtain the necessary medical care without hindrance or discrimination. This photo showcases a diverse assembly of patients, spanning various races, ages, and socioeconomic backgrounds, all enjoying equitable access to healthcare services and opportunities. This visual representation emphasizes the importance of fairness and equity within healthcare delivery, transcending the boundaries of identity or origin.

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Social Exclusion is the process of blocking specific individuals from obtaining certain rights, opportunities, or resources based on their sex, gender, religion, background, ethnicity, and other attributes. It's the act of excluding someone from obtaining fundamental rights offered to the rest of the population. The picture shows a group of girls excluding a man from their conversation. This Exclusion can be due to many factors. However, one can assume they are limiting him from obtaining the same rights or services they are acquiring.

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Cultural humility is a subject that is simply understanding and respecting another person's culture. Every person on this planet is different in a majority of ways, and the customs each person carries with them have to be understood and seen by not only other humans but healthcare providers as well. It is the process where providers proactively try to understand a patient's culture and dissect why they may be weary of the care being provided to them or open to receiving it. It is important to understand culture because, in different environments, healthcare is perceived in many different ways. For example, I come from a community in the Central Valley where providers are seen as people who do not truly care about the well-being of their patients and write them off because they cannot speak English or understand English, but at the same time, providers speak to the community as if they are below them in every sense of the word. The Latino community already holds a stigma against providers as we resort to home remedies and remedies of our culture that provide "better" care than what a prescription might. This is all wrong because the trust between patient and provider must be there to deliver health equity for the community so that the narrative can change. Cultural humility is a process where providers have to want to understand their patients and in hindsight, it would make their jobs easier as you know how to approach a patient, and instead of clashing heads with them, provide a concise and smooth interaction to where the patient is provided with the best care and the provider understands different avenues on how to provide the best care.

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Intersectionality is the concept that all oppression is linked. Intersectionality is defined as “the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage”. Intersectionality acknowledges that everyone has their own unique experiences of discrimination and oppression and we must consider everything and anything that can cause discrimination such as one's gender, race, class, sexual orientation, physical ability, etc. Intersectionality is an important part of women's rights because the term woman is not enough to describe the experience of all women. For example, a black woman will experience misogyny and racism but it will be different from the way a white woman will experience misogyny and different from the way a black man will experience racism. If the fight for women's rights is framed around the equality of a white, heterosexual, middle-class, able bodies woman than equality will never be met. Acknowledging the different experiences of intersectionality is key to improving equality

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This graphic picture from VeryWell Health illustrates the proportion of the Black American population that experiences systemic racism when accessing healthcare services. I chose this picture because structural racism is faced mainly by the minority population due to historical and systematic implicit bias. And still a large number of the population faces structural racism when receiving healthcare. For example, black American women in the U.S. face the highest rates of maternal mortality compared to other races.