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Efrain Perez
The way a customs clearance process works is highly complex and demands meticulous attention to detail. For instance, if there is missing merchandise, an excess of goods, or if the corresponding taxes are not paid, it can lead to committing an offense, which can result in numerous issues for the trader. That's why it is crucial to pay close attention to all the details at the customs.

Luis Antonio Buchán.
Importing goods to our nation is a complex process that all companies and persons need to go through. This is a task that has to be handled by professionals since the amount of requirements and constant updates to the Mexican trade legal framework can be intimidating. It is crucial to oblige with all the requirements if you want to avoid having your products seized and therefore, losing precious time and money.

Renata López
The import process involves the transfer of goods and services from a foreign country to one's own country. It is a complex process that requires the submission of documents, compliance with regulations, and payment of taxes and duties.
Importing can be beneficial to a country, as it provides access to products that are not available locally or are cheaper abroad. However, it can also have negative impacts on the economy, such as unfair competition with local producers.
It is important for companies involved in the import process to be aware of the regulations and requirements of the country in which they operate, in order to avoid penalties and legal problems.

Javier Sanchez
Clearing customs, which means getting goods through the process when they arrive in a country, is complicated. Small mistakes like missing items or not paying the right taxes can get you in trouble. So, it's super important to be careful and follow all the rules at customs.

Importing goods into a country is also tricky. It's a job for experts because there are many rules that change often. You have to follow these rules to avoid losing your products and wasting time and money.

Importing means bringing stuff from other countries into your own. It involves lots of paperwork, following rules, and paying taxes. Importing can be good because it lets you get things that aren't available locally or are cheaper from other places. But sometimes, it can hurt local businesses by competing with them.

Companies that import things need to know the rules really well to avoid problems and fines.

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Obtain Order granted to the customs agent: Before carrying out any import, the company must grant powers to an authorized customs agent. This agent will be in charge of carrying out customs procedures on behalf of the company.

    Manifestation of electronic value: The company must provide a manifestation of the value of the goods that it will import. This statement must be electronic and supported by documents that justify the declared value of the goods. Certificate of origin (if applicable): In some cases, a certificate of origin may be required to demonstrate the origin of the goods and to benefit from free trade agreements or tariff preferences. This certificate must be issued by the exporter and presented to the customs authority.Import request: The company must submit an import request to the customs authority, which is generally done through the Electronic Customs System (SEA). This request must include detailed information about the goods, their origin, destination and other relevant details.

The following information must be in spanish: Pago de derechos de aduana: Para importar mercancías a México, la empresa debe pagar los derechos de aduana correspondientes. Estos derechos pueden incluir el Impuesto General de Importación (IGI), el Impuesto sobre el Valor Agregado (IVA), el Impuesto Especial a la Producción y Servicios (IEPS) y otros impuestos específicos según la naturaleza de las mercancías.

These additional steps are essential to complete the import process legally and comply with customs regulations in Mexico.

https://www.sistemascasa.com.mx/anexo22_web.html

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The customs clearance requirements that must be met are:

1. Release of Airway Bills with Airlines
This refers to the bill of lading or airway bill, the document that describes who is sending, who is receiving, weight, what it is, and all the details of what is being imported.

2. Physical Inspection of Goods
At the warehouse, a thorough verification is carried out to ensure that the declared items match those actually sent. It involves cross-referencing the information regarding the characteristics and quantity of the imported goods, as they should not contain more or less merchandise than declared.

3. Preparation of Customs Declaration
The customs declaration is the form needed for the merchandise to go through a fiscal checkpoint. This document is the official request for the goods, including information about the importer, dates, invoices, and everything is translated into a tariff code, created by a classifier, to determine the type of merchandise. Not all goods have the same tariff rate; some are exempt from taxes, while others are subject to 5% or 20%, and if this process is not done correctly, it can lead to tax evasion.

4. Tax Request
All merchandise carries taxes: import duties must be paid. To import goods, you are obligated to pay these taxes.

5. Goods Request
This request releases the goods, allowing you to proceed to the fiscal checkpoint, where it will be determined whether they will be inspected or allowed to pass freely. Not all goods trigger a red light, but all pass through gamma rays. Once these steps are completed, the merchandise is cleared and can be used as intended.

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-N/A (N/D). Padrón de Agentes y Apoderados Aduanales. SAT. Retrieved from:

https://www.sat.gob.mx/consulta/78768/padron-de-agentes-y-apoderados-aduanales#:~:text=El%20agente%20aduanal%20es%20la,previstos%20en%20la%20Ley%20Aduanera.

-N/A (N/D).Importadores. SAT. Retrieved from:

https://www.sat.gob.mx/consulta/54336/importadores#:~:text=Se%20entiende%20por%20importador%2C%20aquella,importar%20mercanc%C3%ADas%20a%20territorio%20nacional

-N/A (N/D). Aduanas de México. Reino Aduanero. Retrieved from; https://reinoaduanero.mx/aduanas-de-mexico/

-N/A (2021). Importación de mercancías a México: Guía Rápida. SAT. Retrieved from: https://anam.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Importacion_de_mercancias_a_Mexico_Israel_y_Turquia.pdf

-Mones, Miguel (2022). Documentos para importar a México 2023 | Requisitos. Comercio y Aduanas. Retrieved from: https://www.comercioyaduanas.com.mx/comoimportar/requisitosparaimportar/lista-de-requisitos-y-documentos-para-importar/#titulo-3

-N/A (N/D). Instructivo de trámite para inscribirse en el Padrón de Importadores y/o Padrón de Importadores de Sectores Específicos, de conformidad con la regla 1.3.2. SHCP & SAT.

-N/A (2018). CONOCE LOS 5 PASOS DEL DESPACHO ADUANERO. Grupo Eli. Retrieved from: https://blog.grupoei.com.mx/5-pasos-del-despacho-aduanero

https://www.sistemascasa.com.mx/anexo22_web.html

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El despacho aduanero es el conjunto de actos y formalidades relativos a la entrada y salida de mercancías del territorio nacional, fundamentado en el artículo 35 de la Ley Aduanera, que deben realizarse ante la aduana y que involucran a consignatarios, tenedores en las importaciones y remitentes en las exportaciones.

Por ejemplo, cuando una mercancía aterriza en México, llega a almacenes fiscalizados que sirven para almacenar todo lo que está en trámite de importación y esperar su despacho aduanero. Es decir, las mercancías que llegan a este almacén no se han introducido formalmente en el país, sino que son resguardadas.

Funciones del proceso del despacho aduanero

Si alguna persona física o moral importa o exporta cualquier tipo de mercancía, deberá contratar a un agente aduanal, quien será responsable junto con el contratante de:

Otorgar veracidad y exactitud a los datos e información suministrados en el pedimento.

Asignar la determinación del régimen aduanero de las mercancías y la correcta clasificación arancelaria.

Pagar las contribuciones al comercio exterior.

Asegurar que el importador / exportador cuente con los documentos que acrediten el cumplimiento de las obligaciones que en materia de regulaciones y restricciones no arancelarias rijan para dichas mercancías.

Pasos del despacho aduanero

1. Liberación de guías ante líneas aéreas

Se refiere al conocimiento de embarque o guía aérea, el documento que describe quién manda, a quién envía, peso, qué es y todos los detalles de lo que se desea importar.
2. Revisión física de la mercancía
En el almacén se verifica detenidamente que las cosas declaradas son las que realmente sean las enviadas. Se trata de cotejar la información en cuanto a características y cantidad importada, ya que no deberían traer mercancías de más ni menos.

3. Elaboración de pedimento
El pedimento es la papeleta que se necesita para que la mercancía pueda pasar por un semáforo fiscal. Este documento es el oficial para presentar la solicitud de la mercancía, quién importa, fechas, facturas, todo se traduce en una fracción arancelaria, hecha por un clasificador, para saber qué tipo de mercancía es. No todas las mercancías pagan lo mismo, algunos no pagan, otros pagan 5 o 20%, y si este proceso no se realiza correctamente, se incurre en evasión de impuestos.
4. Solicitud de impuestos
Toda mercancía conlleva impuestos: se deben pagar los derechos de importación. Para introducir mercancía, se está obligado a pagar por ello.
5. Solicitud de mercancía
Esta solicitud te entrega las mercancías, pasas al semáforo fiscal y define si se revisan o pasas libremente. No a todas las mercancías les toca luz roja, pero todas pasan a los rayos gama. Una vez que se hace lo anterior, la mercancía está liberada y se puede hacer uso de ella.

En Grupo Ei ofrecemos todo tipo de asesoría en logística internacional y apoyo para realizar los pasos del despacho aduanero de forma correcta. Trabajamos para que tus procesos sean los más eficientes e innovadores de acuerdo a las necesidades de tu negocio. Consulta nuestros servicios.

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Conoce los 5 pasos del despacho aduanero

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¿Cuáles son los pasos del despacho aduanero para llevar a cabo una importación exitosa?

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1. Registration in Federal Taxpayers Registry: This alphanumeric code identifies taxpayers who must report activities to the SAT (tax authority).

1.1. Registration in Importers Registry: Some products require registration in a specific importers' registry.

1. Identify Tariff Item: Determine the tariff item of the imported merchandise based on the Harmonized System; it helps identify regulations, permits, and certificates.

2. Comply with Non-tariff Regulations: Adhere to quality standards, labeling, safety, and permits, including NOMs. Non-compliance has a 30-day correction period.

3. Determine Contributions: Depending on the product's tariff fraction, import contributions like IGI, VAT, IEPS, ISAN, and CDI must be paid.

4. Use Customs Broker or Agency: They handle customs procedures, generate import petitions, and manage documentation for value, origin, and non-tariff compliance.

Steps to Import into Mexico (Clearance of Goods):

1. Arrival of merchandise.

2. Unloading.

3. Move containers to a waiting yard.

4. Pre-clearance by customs broker.

5. Prepare request and pay fees.

6. Submit petition to Electronic Customs System (ECS).

7. SEA (Customs Authority) validates and provides a signature.

8. Goods go to the Automated Selection Module (MSA).

9. Hand over the pedimento (customs declaration) to the MSA operator.

CASE A:
10. If green light, perform Free Customs Clearance.

1. Goods directed to exit module.

2. Documents reviewed, goods scanned.

3. Carrier shows documents, vehicle info, and exits.

4. Module operator verifies details.

5. Goods are released for transport.

CASE B:
10. If green light, conduct Customs Examination.

1. Merchandise inspected on platform.

2. Physical and documentary inspection.
13. Without issues, proceed to next step.

1. Incorrect info leads to record creation and possible seizure.
14. Report record; 30 days to correct.

1. Continue with steps 11 to 15 of Case A.

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1.- You need to be constituted as a company:
1.1.- Register your company with either a notary or a Public Broker.
1.2.- Create your Incorporation act (Acta Constitutiva), Bylaws (Estatutos) and register your company in the Public Registry of Commerce (Registro Público de Comercio).
1.3.- Select your legal representatives (could either be a sole administrator or a council).
1.4.- Obtain your RFC (Federal Taxpayers Registry/Registro Federal de Contribuyentes).
1.5.-Obtain your electronic signature.

2.-Register in the Importers Registry
2.1.- Process carried out by natural legal persons who intend to import goods into national territory.
2.2.-It is done by entering the official website of the SAT, entering the section  "My portal", followed by "Procedures and services"; then "Internet Services" where you will find the section "Register of Importers".
2.3.-To be registered you need to be up to date with your tax obligations, to be registered in any of the cases that the article 71 of the Customs Law, provide a discal domicile and an updated email for Tax Mailbox purposes.
2.4.- Custom Agents who carry out foreign trade operations must be registered in an electronic format.
2.5.- Results are announced in no more than 5 days after receiving the application. You can find the final status in the "Register of Importers" section.

3.-Register of Importers of Specific Sectors
3.1.-It is carried out by those who wish to import goods of the tariff headings listed in  the section A of Annex 10.
3.2.- The request is like the previous one, adding the section "Increase or decrease of Sectors".
3.3.-In order to import these goods, certain requirements must be met:

-Be registered in the Register of Importers, attach to the application digitally any document issued by the National Security and Safeguards Commission of SENER (Authorization for Acquisition and Transfer, Authorization for Service Providers, Operating License, License for Possession and Use of Material, Authorization for Import of specified non-nuclear material).
3.4.- There are several different requirements depending on the sector (sector 9, 10 an 11).

4.-Customs agent's assignment.

5.-Electronic declaration of value.

6.-Import declaration.

7.-Payment of customs duties.

8.-Certificate of origin.

9.-Compliance with Non-Tariff Regulations and Restriction

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Customs authority: Tax Administration Service (SAT).

Responsible for ensuring that companies comply with customs legislation regarding foreign trade.

Types of imports:

Definitive: Entry of foreign-origin goods to remain in the national territory indefinitely.

Temporary: The entry of goods into the national territory for a limited time and for a specific purpose.

Actors in foreign trade:

Customs agent: A person authorized by SAT through a patent (permit) to act on behalf of third parties for the clearance of goods under various customs regimes provided by the Customs Law.

Tasks include verifying import permits with the Ministry of Economy, certificates of origin, and Mexican Official Standards (NOM).

Requirements to become an agent include meeting the criteria specified in the Official Gazette, having at least 5 years of experience in customs matters, having a Tax ID (RFC), being up-to-date on tax obligations, and passing a knowledge exam.

Information about customs agents can be found in SAT's open data, which includes their name, last name, maternal surname, patent number (4 digits), authorization number (4 digits), and assigned customs office.

Importer: Can be either a natural or legal person with an interest in introducing goods into Mexican territory.

Customs in Mexico:

Mexico has 50 customs offices, divided as follows:

Air: 12

Northern Border: 19

Southern Border: 2

Maritime: 17

In 2018, nearly 75% of Mexican foreign trade was concentrated in the top 10 customs offices:

Nuevo Laredo: 22.7%

Ciudad Juárez: 13%

Tijuana: 6.8%

Veracruz: 5.97%

Manzanillo: 5.6%

Reynosa: 4.81%

Colombia: 4.4%

Piedras Negras: 3.8%

Mexico City Airport: 3.44%

Nogales: 3.3%

In 2020, there were 9,232,000 import operations in Mexico, with 60% entering through the border, followed by 24% via air, and 16% through maritime ports.

Legal framework for foreign trade in Mexico:

Customs Law.

Foreign Trade Law.

General Import and Export Tax Law (LIGIE).

Value Added Tax Law.

Special Tax on Products and Services Law.

New Car Tax Law.

Federal Rights Law.

General Foreign Trade Rules.

International agreements and treaties.

Trade agreements between Mexico and the rest of the world:

13 Free Trade Agreements with more than 50 countries.