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Hundreds of scientific articles. Written for kids. Approved by scientists.

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Sustainable Energy Authority Of Ireland | SEAI

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About Season 1

Throughout Season 1 we talked to guests such as architect Dermot Bannon and quantity surveyor Lisa O' Brien about tips for home energy upgrades. We talked to experts in the field of motoring, journalist Geraldine Herbert and car reviewer Mark Noble (aka Nobby from FM 104) about the future of electric cars. Ali Sheridan, Country Sustainability Leader at IKEA, Dublin and Bernadette Phelan from Business in the Community Ireland joined us to discuss what businesses can do to tackle climate change.

We also looked at Ireland's energy future and talked to guests Liam Delaney, Professor of Economics at UCD and Liz Walsh, meteorologist from the Met Éireann forecasting division about their views.

To finish, we chatted to Cool Planet Champion Karen Finnigan and actress / climate change activist Aoibhéann McCann about what individuals can do now to support our transition to a low carbon economy. Where do they start?

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180 degrees, season 1. A podcst brought to you from the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland.

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Explore stories about and by Tribal, Indigenous, and local communities.

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National Youth Assembly  Main Overview 2023

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From agriculture productivity to flood and drought prediction, soil moisture on Earth plays a key role in understanding our planet. How much do you know about Earth’s soil moisture?

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World Population: Past, Present, and Future

(move and expand the bar at the bottom of the chart to navigate through time)

The chart above illustrates how world population has changed throughout history. View the full tabulated data.

At the dawn of agriculture, about 8000 B.C., the population of the world was approximately 5 million. Over the 8,000-year period up to 1 A.D. it grew to 200 million (some estimate 300 million or even 600, suggesting how imprecise population estimates of early historical periods can be), with a growth rate of under 0.05% per year.

A tremendous change occurred with the industrial revolution: whereas it had taken all of human history until around 1800 for world population to reach one billion, the second billion was achieved in only 130 years (1930), the third billion in 30 years (1960), the fourth billion in 15 years (1974), and the fifth billion in only 13 years (1987).

During the 20th century alone, the population in the world has grown from 1.65 billion to 6 billion.

In 1970, there were roughly half as many people in the world as there are now.

Because of declining growth rates, it will now take over 200 years to double again.

Wonder how big was the world's population when you were born?
Check out this simple wizard or this more elaborated one to find out.

Growth Rate

Population in the world is growing at a rate of around 0.91% per year in 2024 (up from 0.88% in 2023, and down from 0.98% in 2020, and 1.06% in 2019). The current population increase is estimated at around 73 million people per year.

Annual growth rate reached its peak in the late 1960s, when it was at around 2%. The rate of increase has nearly halved since then, and will continue to decline in the coming years.

World population will therefore continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a much slower rate compared to the recent past. World population has doubled (100% increase) in 40 years from 1959 (3 billion) to 1999 (6 billion). It is now estimated that it will increase by 50% in the subsequent 40 years, to reach 9 billion by 2037.

The latest world population projections indicate that world population will reach 10 billion persons in the year 2057 and 10.4 billion in 2100.

World Population (2024 and historical)
View the complete population historical table
World Population Forecast (2025-2050)
View population projections for all years (up to 2100)
World Population Milestones

10 Billion (2058)

The United Nations projects world population will reach 10 billion in the year 2058.

9 Billion (2037)

World population is expected to reach 9 billion in the year 2037.

8.1 Billion (current)

The current world population is 8,109,479,367 as of Thursday, May 16, 2024 according to the most recent United Nations estimates elaborated by Worldometer. The term "World Population" refers to the human population (the total number of humans currently living) of the world.

8 Billion (2022)

World population has reached 8 billion people on November 15, 2022 according to the United Nations. The U.S. Census Bureau International Database (IDB) estimates instead that the world population hit 8 billion on September 26, 2023. In their note, they added: " Emphasis on the word estimates. There are many sources of uncertainty in estimating the global population, and it's unlikely this population milestone was reached on that exact date" [ source]

7 Billion (2010)

According to the latest revision by the United Nations (released in 2022), world population reached 7 Billion in late 2010 (after being previously estimated as occurring on October 31, 2011). The U.S. Census Bureau made a different estimate, for which the 7 billion mark was reached on March 12, 2012.

6 Billion (1998)

According to the latest revision by the United Nations (released in 2022), the 6 billion figure was reached towards the end of 1998 (this was previously estimated as occurring on October 12, 1999, celebrated as the Day of 6 Billion). According to the U.S. Census Bureau instead, the six billion milestone was reached on July 22, 1999, at about 3:49 AM GMT. Yet, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the date and time of when 6 billion was reached will probably change because the already uncertain estimates are constantly being updated.

Previous Milestones

Summary Table

1 - 1804 ( 1803 years): 0.2 to 1 bil.

1804 - 2022 ( 218 years): from 1 billion to 8 billion

World Population by Region

World Population Density (people/km²)

Population density map of the world showing not only countries but also many subdivisions (regions, states, provinces). See also: World Map

Courtesy of
Junuxx at en.wikipedia [ CC-BY-SA-3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons

World Population by Religion

According to a recent study (based on the 2010 world population of 6.9 billion) by The Pew Forum, there are:

2,173,180,000 Christians (31% of world population), of which 50% are Catholic, 37% Protestant, 12% Orthodox, and 1% other.

1,598,510,000 Muslims (23%), of which 87-90% are Sunnis, 10-13% Shia.

1,126,500,000 No Religion affiliation (16%): atheists, agnostics and people who do not identify with any particular religion. One-in-five people (20%) in the United States are religiously unaffiliated.

1,033,080,000 Hindus (15%), the overwhelming majority (94%) of which live in India.

487,540,000 Buddhists (7%), of which half live in China.

405,120,000 Folk Religionists (6%): faiths that are closely associated with a particular group of people, ethnicity or tribe.

58,110,000 Other Religions (1%): Baha'i faith, Taoism, Jainism, Shintoism, Sikhism, Tenrikyo, Wicca, Zoroastrianism and many others.

13,850,000 Jews (0.2%), four-fifths of which live in two countries: United States (41%) and Israel (41%).

World Population by Country

How many people have ever lived on earth?

It was written during the 1970s that 75% of the people who had ever been born were alive at that moment. This was false.

Assuming that we start counting from about 50,000 B.C., the time when modern Homo sapiens appeared on the earth (and not from 700,000 B.C. when the ancestors of Homo sapiens appeared, or several million years ago when hominids were present), taking into account that all population data are a rough estimate, and assuming a constant growth rate applied to each period up to modern times, it has been estimated that a total of approximately 106 billion people have been born since the dawn of the human species, making the population currently alive roughly 6% of all people who have ever lived on planet Earth.

Others have estimated the number of human beings who have ever lived to be anywhere from 45 billion to 125 billion, with most estimates falling into the range of 90 to 110 billion humans.

World Population clock: sources and methodology

The world population counter displayed on Worldometer takes into consideration data from two major sources: the United Nations and the U.S. Census Bureau.

1. The United Nations Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs every two years calculates, updates, and publishes estimates of total population in its World Population Prospects series. These population estimates and projections provide the standard and consistent set of population figures that are used throughout the United Nations system.

The World Population Prospect: the 2022 Revision provides the most recent data available (released in July of 2022). Estimates and projected world population and country specific populations are given from 1950 through 2100 and are released every two years. Worldometer, as it is common practice, utilizes the medium fertility estimates.

Data underlying the population estimates are national and sub national census data and data on births, deaths, and migrants available from national sources and publications, as well as from questionnaires. For all countries, census and registration data are evaluated and, if necessary, adjusted for incompleteness by the Population Division as part of its preparations of the official United Nations population estimates and projections.

2. The International Programs Center at the U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division also develops estimates and projections based on analysis of available data (based on census, survey, and administrative information) on population, fertility, mortality, and migration for each country or area of the world. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, world population reached 7 billion on March 12, 2012.

For most countries adjustment of the data is necessary to correct for errors, omissions, and inconsistencies in the data. Finally, since most recent data for a single country is often two years old on average, the current world population figure is necessarily a projection of past data based on assumed trends. As new data become available, assumptions and data are reevaluated and past conclusions and current figures may be modified.

For information about how these estimates and projections are made by the U.S. Census Bureau, see the Population Estimates and Projections Methodology.

Why Worldometer's Population Clock is the most accurate

The above world population clock is based on the latest estimates released in July of 2022 by the United Nations. It will show the same number wherever you are in the world and whatever time you set on your PC.

Visitors around the world visiting a PC clock based counter, instead, will see different numbers depending on where they are located. This is the case with other world population clocks - such as the one hosted on a United Nations website, reaching 8 billion in 24 different instances (one per hour) on November 15, 2022, when each local time zone reached 12:10:08. Similarly, in 2011, the clocks on a UN website and on National Geographic - showed 7 billion whenever the visitor's locally set PC clocks reached 4:21:10 AM on October 31, 2011.

Obviously, the UN data is based on estimates and can't be 100% accurate, so in all honesty nobody can possibly say with any degree of certainty on which day world population reached 7 billion (or any other exact number), let alone at what time. But once an estimate is made (based on the best data and analysis available), the world population clock should be showing the same number at any given time anywhere around the world.

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World Population Clock: 8.1 Billion People (LIVE, 2024) - Worldometer

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How many people are there in the world? World population has reached 8 billion on November 15, 2022 according to the United Nations. World population live counter with data sheets, graphs, maps, and census data regarding the current, historical, and future world population figures, estimates, growth rates, densities and demographics

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Weather Observations Website WOW-ie - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service

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Met Éireann, the Irish National Meteorological Service, is the leading provider of weather information and related services for Ireland.

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Listen to First World Problems on Spotify. When it comes to rugby, Andrew Trimble is a bit of an expert - when it comes to topics like poverty and inequality, conflict and climate change, not so much! As an Oxfam Ambassador, Andrew puts himself in the hot seat by hosting a brand-new podcast delving into these issues.

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How can GIS and location-based storytelling support a sustainable world for all? Explore twelve stories about current challenges and the data that can help.

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Countries with the Least (and Most) Food Waste // Food wasting region .

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Graphic: Carbon Dioxide Traps Heat, Like a Puffy Coat - NASA Science

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Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, have made Earth’s “puffy coat” warmer.

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Test your knowledge of energy and its role in Earth’s climate system.

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Gapminder Worldview Upgrader - Get rid of your misconceptions about global development!

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Ireland’s Provisional Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990-2022

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The EPA has produced provisional estimates of greenhouse gas emissions for the time period 1990-2022. This report provides early insight into the annual greenhouse gas emissions in advance of final data being submitted to the EU and UN in 2024.

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Satellite Images of Ireland - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service

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Met Éireann, the Irish National Meteorological Service, is the leading provider of weather information and related services for Ireland.

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Podcasts - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service

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Met Éireann, the Irish National Meteorological Service, is the leading provider of weather information and related services for Ireland.

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Climate change is affecting all Europe, but the impacts differs from region to region. The key climate related hazards are heat waves and droughts, heavy rain and floods, extreme sea level and storms surges.

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Understanding Sustainable Development in Ireland Activity

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Understanding Sustainable Development in Ireland Activity

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Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications

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Gapminder uses cookies to improve its statistics and user experience. By continuing to use the site you agree to our cookie policy. X
Close

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national aeronautics and space administration

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Earth's water is stored in ice and snow, lakes and rivers, the atmosphere and the oceans. How much do you know about how water cycles around our planet and the crucial role it plays in our climate?

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Ireland's Hub for Sustainable Development Goals

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This is Ireland's collaboration platform for reporting on progress towards the SDGs and sharing information on SDG initiatives. Ireland's progress against each Goal is measured using a set of UN global and EU agreed Indicators.

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earth :: a global map of wind, weather, and ocean conditions

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See current wind, weather, ocean, and pollution conditions, as forecast by supercomputers, on an interactive animated map. Updated every three hours.

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This collection, which includes one story for each United Nations Sustainable Development Goal, provides sample stories, data sets and applications, and learning resources for getting started with place-based storytelling.

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Concern staff gives update from Chad on Sudan crisis

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Graphic: Carbon Dioxide Emissions as Pumpkins - NASA Science

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Trick or treat? How many pumpkins would it take to equal the mass of the world’s annual fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions? Hint: This isn’t a trick 👻

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Test your knowledge of the many varieties of frozen water and how these icy realms are connected to climate change.

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A Global Program on Timely Data for Sustainable Development

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Our work is to establish and conserve permanent native woodland in Ireland, encouraging land regeneration and biodiversity through afforestation, restoration and education. Our core value is stewardship. Through education and supporting increased awareness and consideration of Ireland's natural environment, we hope to nourish a new way of relating to nature conservation and rehabilitation.

Tree Planting Days

Our monthly tree planting days. During the winter we plant the bare rooted trees and in the summer we work in the tree nursery and saving seeds.

Pledge / Partner

Pledge or donate for a native tree to be planted in Ireland. Follow the link for more information on how you can do this and what it means.

Become a Restoration Member

Each monthly payment from supporters will pay for the acquisition of land to be restored and conserved, with a rich mosaic of interconnected forest habitat.

Hometree have planted trees on behalf of organisations ranging from schools to clothing brands. Here are some of those we have been working with over the years.

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Hometree is a project which connects people with nature, and facilitates a variety of projects that are fundamental to addressing both Ireland's declining biodiversity and the unfolding climate challenge.

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50+ weather layers, weather radar and satellite

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Visit www.sdgstoday.org for more stories and timely data on the SDGs.

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The Sustainable Development Solutions Network Collection

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This SDGs Today StoryMap Collection features the work of SDSN’s Thematic Programs and Network Members.

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Use GIS to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

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The GAA Green Club Toolkit is designed to support Gaelic Games clubs in implementing simple and effective sustainability actions. The Toolkit is divided into five themes - Energy, Water, Waste, Biodiversity and Travel & Transport - and each toolkit section contains practical advice and guidance tailored for GAA clubs as well as inspiring case studies from clubs from across the island of Ireland. Links to each Toolkit section are at the bottom of this page. On this page you will also find overview documents to guide you through the Toolkit. These short documents explain what is in the toolkit and how to use it and contain information on supports in your local area and tips on potential funding sources as well as details of the expert partners who have contributed to the development of the toolkit and an introduction to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) commitments that underpin the GAA Green Club Programme.

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How cobalt mining became a disaster for Congolese communities | DW News

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Earth has many processes that regulate carbon, atmospheric carbon dioxide and its role in the carbon cycle and climate. How much do you know?

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Our Sustainable Village is an environmental docuseries following students from six schools in Cabra, Dublin, as they work with experts over six months to make their community greener and healthier. Their local efforts show how small actions can have a big impact in the fight against climate change.

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National disaster risk management

This indicator identifies countries who have and have not adopted and implemented disaster risk management strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 is an international agreement that aims to strengthen disaster preparedness in order to reduce risk and losses from disasters. Although the indicator definition is framed in terms of the number of countries adopting national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework, the United Nations tracks this measure in terms of country levels of implementation.

The interactive visualization here shows levels of country implementation, on a scale from 0 to 1 (where the higher score, the more policies have been implemented). It's based on an average score from 10 sub-indicators that collectively reflect progress towards implementation of the Sendai Framework.

Target: By 2030 "strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries."

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Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

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Sustainable Development Goals Tracker for SDG 13

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Country of the Week

With its 7,112,688 people, Hong Kong is the 101st largest country in the world by population. It is the 179th largest country in the world by area with 1,104 square kilometers.

Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the subsequent 50 years.

© 2023 Royal Oak Interactive, Inc.

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With its 7,112,688 people, Hong Kong is the 101st largest country in the world by population. It is the 179th largest country in the world by area with 1,104 square kilometers. Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century.

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Sustainability in 4 minutes | Sustainable Explainable

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Earth is an ever-changing place. How much do you know about your home planet?

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ArcGIS StoryMap: Young people are shaping climate change and health action - weADAPT

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This ArcGIS StoryMap shares the stories of youth leaders and the challenges they face in climate change and health action across Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, Vietnam, Indonesia and Bangladesh.

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Will Ireland survive 2050 Gerald Fleming

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Will Ireland survive 2050 Gerald Fleming

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www.rte.ie needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding.

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national aeronautics and space administration

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Test your knowledge of global temperature change and its impact on Earth's climate.

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This student friendly resource will allow you as a teacher to support your students in understanding how to Become a Fairtrade School - Fairtrade Ireland

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There are 5 goals to be achieved in order to become a Fairtrade school. This document explains the goals along with a registration form, send this in to Fairtrade Ireland so you do not miss out on additional support available.

Because it's only fair that the people who produce what we eat, wear and use should get paid enough to live on and a chance to improve their lives. Fairtrade for the whole school means the school gets local and national recognition and contributes to making the world a fairer place.

Fairtrade... for pupils and students

1. helps to develop lots of new skills

2. has a positive influence on the school community

3. is part of something that's happening all over the country and around the world

4. is fun!

Fairtrade... for teachers

1. provides opportunities to enhance many areas of the curriculum

2. provides opportunities to explore citizenship from a global perspective

3. gives pupils an opportunity to participate and take responsibility for their decisions

4. encourages critical thinking, and offers opportunities for challenge and confidence building

So how does a school become a Fairtrade School?

To become a Fairtrade School you need to meet 5 goals:

1. Cover Fairtrade in the classroom

2. Show the What is Fairtrade Video in your school

3. Get your teachers to serve only Fairtrade tea and coffee in the staff room

4. If you have a canteen, tuck shop or vending machine, convert some products to Fairtrade

5. Organise a Fairtrade promotion or event during Fairtrade Fortnight

To find out more on how to become a Fairtrade School, download "Got the Fairtrade Habit?". This explains the goals in detail and also contains some useful tips and ideas. Once you have completed the 5 goals to become a Fairtrade School you can apply to Fairtrade Ireland or to your local Fairtrade Town's Steering Committee for your Fairtrade Schools' certificate.

Best of Luck with your campaign!

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How to Become a Fairtrade School - Fairtrade Ireland

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There are 5 goals to be achieved in order to become a Fairtrade school. This document explains the goals along with a registration form, send this in to Fairtrade Ireland so you do not miss out on additional support ￼available.

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Welcome to the Yellow Flag

A practical programme that supports primary and secondary schools to become more inclusive of all cultures and ethnicities, celebrate diversity and challenge racism and discrimination

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Yellow Flag Programme - Equality & Diversity Initiative for Schools

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Yellow Flag is a practical programme that supports primary and secondary schools to become more inclusive of all cultures and ethnicities.

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Lane Baldridge, Hayden Shumway, Julianne Li, Samantha Lynn, Mikola Dearman, Samuel Hinkhouse

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An overview of countries efforts towards sustainable agriculture and their methods

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iStock. Explore the official iStock website for millions of exclusive, royalty-free, stock files. Find the perfect stock for your project, fast. Search now.

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Carbon Calculators

A Carbon Calculator is a programme that calculates your Carbon Footprint. It calculates based on the amount of carbon dioxide produced by activity. Any individual or group can get their carbon footprint.

The calculator plugs the requested information into a computer programme. This information is then calculated as a carbon footprint. Information can include how we travel, heat our homes, dispose of our waste, etc.

Knowing the carbon footprint of your home or workplace makes it much easier to get involved in reducing that footprint. Before using a carbon calculator, take a few minutes to compile the information you might need. This ensures that the calculation you get will be correct.

To calculate a carbon footprint, questions are asked related to the following:

Household/workplace

In the household/workplace the energy bill is where you will find the information you need to input. This is where your energy provider tells you your carbon emissions, i.e., the amount of CO2 produced by the premises. Your energy provider website will show you specifically how to read your bill.

Transport

This section relates to fuel consumption per year. Namely, the type and estimated amount of fuel used per year. To find information regarding fuel consumption check the Registration Certificate for your vehicle. You can also check your vehicle's logbook or your motor tax information.

Lifestyle

This section relates to waste: the amount of it, the type it is, what bins you use, etc. Your waste disposal company provides you with a bill, usually monthly, and this will show you how much in kilograms (kg) that you are throwing away.

Using the various coloured bins correctly is an ongoing challenge. Your bin provider will be able to guide you as to what goes where. Please visit the website of your bin provider for more information.

Which one?

Choosing the right carbon calculator for you will depend on your needs and what you want it to tell you. For example, how much carbon does it take to heat your home or factory, what the emissions are from your car, or how much waste you are generating?

Individuals

For useful advice and guidance to help you lower your carbon footprint as an individual, please see the following:

Businesses

The business user of the calculator will be interested in growing their business and lowering their costs. While also increasing their green credentials and contributing towards lowering greenhouse emissions nationally.

The EPA offer a range of services and guidance to businesses on reducing energy while maintaining productivity. For more information, please visit the following:

Further information

CPD Disclosure Insight Action: Platform for companies and cities to measure, disclose, manage and share environmental information.

UN Carbon Offset Platform: Provides information on Carbon Offsets.

EPA Stop Food Waste: Provides advice on how to reduce food waste.

For more climate related resources, please visit ' Climate Change & You ' section of the EPA website.

Take action on climate change: Provides advice on how you can take climate action as an individual

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Knowing the carbon footprint of your home or workplace makes it much easier to get involved in reducing that footprint.

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Dollar Street

Dollar Street is a Gapminder project - free for anyone to use.
Today we feature 469 families in 67 countries, with 46070 photos and 8586 videos and counting!

Want to add a home? There are still lots of places in the world not represented on Dollar Street. You can find all the resources for documenting a home here.

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Dollar Street - photos as data to kill country stereotypes

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Imagine the world as a street. Everyone lives on Dollar Street. The poorest to the left and the richest on the right. Every else live somewhere in between. Where would you live? Visit Dollar Street and see homes from hundreds of homes from all over the World.

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Do we separate cans and bottles? What about paper or glass? Read our comprehensive guide on what to do with your recycling.

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Why Climate Change Is a Threat to Human Rights | Mary Robinson | TED Talks

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Junior Cycle students

Energy in Action is a collection of online activities and ideas. We designed it to support the teaching and learning of energy and sustainability in the Junior Cycle. It is suitable for students of Science, CSPE, Geography and Home Economics.

An inquiry approach to energy and sustainability

These resources have been developed for use with an inquiry approach to education. They aim to enhance students' scientific knowledge, skills and competencies. The focus is on providing students with opportunities to consider and tackle problems that the future holds, e.g. sustainable practices in schools, homes and beyond.

A range of topics linked to our daily lives

It will develop young peoples' knowledge across a range of topics such as, energy sources, efficiency, conservation, climate change and global warming. These concepts will then be linked to students' daily lives.

Programme development

The programme was developed by the SEAI in collaboration with Junior Cycle teachers and CASTeL at Dublin City University.

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Energy in Action is a collection of online activities and ideas. We designed it to support the teaching and learning of energy and sustainability in the Junior Cycle. It is suitable for students of Science, CSPE, Geography and Home Economics. These resources have been developed for use with an inquiry approach to education.

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Country of the Week

With its 7,112,688 people, Hong Kong is the 101st largest country in the world by population. It is the 179th largest country in the world by area with 1,104 square kilometers.

Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the subsequent 50 years.

© 2023 Royal Oak Interactive, Inc.

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With its 7,112,688 people, Hong Kong is the 101st largest country in the world by population. It is the 179th largest country in the world by area with 1,104 square kilometers. Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century.

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We’ve all seen the impacts of the climate crisis, but chances are if you’re reading this, you haven’t seen the worst of it. Here’s what you need to know about climate justice.

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© 2023 Climate Action. All Rights Reserved. | Terms and conditions | Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy

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Resources to help with your Green-Schools programme are sorted into three categories: the theme you are working on, whether your school is primary or secondary and whether you want an activity; lesson plan; presentation; fact sheet; template; survey or craft/DIY.

As with all school activities the Green-Schools programme should always be operated with Health & Safety considerations in mind. Schools should not undertake Green-Schools activities which contravene the school's Health & Safety procedures and policy. If there is any doubt of an activity, doing so it should be firstly checked with the person responsible for the school's Health & Safety policy and procedu

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The Green-Schools program resources are categorised by theme, school and activity.

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Why you need to take action
Hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of extreme poverty over recent decades. There has been huge progress, but climate change threatens to undo much of this hard fought for work.
The changing climate is pushing farmers into hunger, driving millions of people into urban slums, and leaving many more at risk from storms, floods and other disasters.

Climate change is directly causing hunger, poverty, malnutrition, disease and humanitarian disasters. The poorest people are disproportionately affected.

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Hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of extreme poverty over recent decades. There has been huge progress, but climate change threatens to undo much of this hard fought for work. The changing climate is pushing farmers into hunger, driving millions of people into urban slums, and leaving many more at risk from storms, floods and other disasters.

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Sustainable Energy Authority Of Ireland | SEAI

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The videos are based on SEAI's annual 'Energy In Ireland 2022' report which presents the latest official statistics on Ireland's Energy Use. Our videos make high-level statistics on Ireland's energy transition and climate policy more accessible and easy to understand for young people. This initiative is an on-going collaboration between the SEAI Statistics and SEAI Education & Youth Teams with external input from teachers and education specialists.

The videos have been designed to be used in the classroom environment or to be watched independently. After each video you can find related questions that students can engage with after watching.

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Understanding Energy in Ireland for Schools

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The 'Energy in Ireland' animated videos have been created for 12 - 15 year old primary and post primary students and their educators to help you understand the current climate change situation and what can be done to help.

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I have over 30 years experience in the voluntary Youth Work and Youth Sector in Ireland.

I am currently the Volunteer Development Manager with Forόige. In this role I am responsible for key tasks such as managing, developing and supporting the involvement of thousands of Forόige volunteers in all aspects of the organisation. I also lead on the design, dissemination and implementation of best practice standards in volunteer recruitment, management and retention policies and procedures. I am a member of Foróige's child safeguarding and protection internal working group. I also was a member of the Ministerial advisory group for development of the National Volunteering Strategy, launched in late 2020, and I am currently on the communications working group for the role out of the strategy.

I believe that youth work's essential role in young people's lives has been made all the more obvious as a result of the pandemic. The restrictions caused by the need to protect vulnerable people in particular from COVID 19, were imposed on young people without them having any say in the matter. They became takes of others rules and priorities, without input or choice. This, while necessary at the time, is the exact opposite of what we want for young people. We want them to be heard, to be helped to develop their own views and values (not just absorb ours). We want them to be involved in decisions that impact on them and to feel they have an influence, with which comes connection to society and hope for the future. The National Youth Council of Ireland plays a huge role in representing the shared interests of the organisations who are its members. These organisations, large and small, bring a range of youth work approaches arising from various traditions and a focus on particular youth needs. The diversity of organisations provides choice and opportunity for young people to pursue their own interests.

This diversity presents a challenge too, in identifying and agreeing their shared interests on which NYCI can represent, advocate and influence. This calls for a president who will listen support, facilitate. It calls for an NYCI which is effective, well governed and compliant with all relevant governance and financial, management requirements.

I believe I have the necessary skills for this role from my role in Foróige and my previous experience on the board of NYCI, including a term as its vice president. I am aware of the need to represent negotiate, assert firmly but respectfully, to act together in seeking to influence government departments and politicians. I understand the need for a strong working relationship between president and CEO.

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What is climate justice? - National Youth Council of Ireland

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I have over 30 years experience in the voluntary Youth Work and Youth Sector in Ireland. I am currently the Volunteer Development Manager with Forόige. In this role I am responsible for key tasks such as managing, developing and supporting the involvement of thousands of Forόige volunteers in all aspects of the organisation.

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The supplementary Annex of Actions which accompanies the Climate Action Plan has also been approved by Government, subject to Strategic Environmental Assessment and Appropriate Assessment. For 2024 a new approach to the Annex has been implemented that will see only new, high-impact actions included in the Annex, while the full roadmap of actions to support the delivery of our climate targets remains within the Climate Action Plan itself.

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Sustainable Fashion - Youth leadership and learning resources for 11-16 year olds

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The challenge of climate change is a decisive one for the world and it is young people who are leading the for climate action. Young people across the globe have taken part in school strikes and protests to urge governments to take the issue of climate charge seriously and respond quickly. Youth Work Ireland received ... Read more

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As the UN writes: "The impacts of climate change will not be borne equally or fairly, between rich and poor, women and men, and older and younger generations."

Climate change is not only an issue of environmental conservation, but also an issue of justice and human rights. We've written before about what climate justice is (and why it's important!). As a follow-up, here are ten ways climate injustices thrive, and what Concern is doing to fight them.

One of the key tenets of the climate justice movement is the demonstrable fact that many of the countries least responsible for the current climate crisis are, nevertheless, those feeling its effects most acutely.

We can see this in World Bank data collected on countries with the lowest carbon emissions per capita. Countries like Somalia, Chad, Malawi, and Niger are among those hit hardest by climate change, despite contributing very little to global greenhouse gas emissions. Obviously, we see that some of the countries with the highest carbon footprints are also facing these effects, but these are also largely countries able to respond to disasters when they strike. The Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, and Burundi have comparatively fewer resources.

2. Settler colonialism and indigenous exploitation

This year's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report included a word that had gone unmentioned in previous reports: "Present development challenges causing high vulnerability are influenced by historical and ongoing patterns of inequity such as colonialism, especially for many Indigenous Peoples and local communities," the panel wrote, a statement made with "high confidence."

This is a major moment for a fact of climate change that has often gone unstated. Foreign conquest and expansion has been a fact of history for centuries, but it was in the late 1800s that many European nations began the so-called "scramble for Africa," setting up colonies and using the newfound natural resources to fuel an increase in production needs that came with the Industrial Revolution. This exploitation of both nature and people continued through the second half of the 20th Century. It not only left countries vulnerable to heat traps and increasingly extreme weather events; it also left people in these countries with fewer resources to support themselves and their families.

These effects also tend to carry the greatest impact for Indigenous communities, which the Food and Agriculture Organisation has called the best custodians of natural resources. The UN points out that Indigenous Peoples in the Kalahari Desert (which stretches across Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa) are forced to live around government-drilled water bores and rely on government support as their traditional pastoralist livelihoods have been compromised by the land degradation.

The effects of climate change can intensify pre-existing social inequalities, especially when it comes to gender. As the Thai activist Matcha Phorn-in put it: "If you are invisible in everyday life, your needs will not be thought of, let alone addressed, in a crisis situation."

Women often bear the brunt of climate disasters. They depend more heavily on natural resources like water and firewood, meaning that if these items become scarce, they may need to travel further for them. This equals more time spent doing unpaid domestic labour and, in some areas, greater risks of gender-based violence. Other gender inequalities within a community may leave women more vulnerable to the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster, or excluded from the decision-making table when disaster risk reduction solutions and other climate change responses are designed and implemented.

"If you are invisible in everyday life, your needs will not be thought of, let alone addressed, in a crisis situation."

Matcha Phorn-in - Thai activist

4. Intergenerational climate injustice

While younger generations have taken up the fight for climate action, part of this is out of a grave necessity: The organisation Carbon Brief estimates that children born today will need to emit eight times less CO2 than their grandparents in order to keep us at just a 1.5º increase in global temperature.

Despite a dip in usage in the 1930s, global greenhouse gas emissions began to rise steadily from the 1940s through today, which means many of the people responsible for that damage will not be alive to see the full extent of it. Younger generations, meanwhile, will spend most, if not all, of their lives dealing with land loss and degradation, fewer resources, and health issues related to temperature extremes and high-impact natural disasters.

Climate change and poverty form a vicious cycle. According to the latest World Bank estimates, unchecked climate change could push up to 130 million more people into poverty over the next 10 years. This would be catastrophic for our recent gains in international development, especially for the 130 million people at risk - and the hundreds of millions of people living in poverty today. Many people living in extreme poverty rely on the land for their livelihoods, whether it's through agriculture or pastoralism. 70% of those living in extreme poverty today are women. Such climate injustices combine to further the cycle of poverty. With little to no margin of error or safety net, the losses sustained by these people following a climate-related disaster will be that much more devastating.

As author and activist Jeremy Williams says in the title of his 2021 book, climate change is racist. This is linked to the colonial legacy of the climate crisis (see above). In an article based on the same premise, the Madagascar-born Williams quotes Zambian activist Veronica Mulenga, who elaborates:

"Historical and present-day injustices have both left Black, Indigenous, and people-of-colour communities exposed to far greater environmental health hazards than white communities. Those most affected by climate change are Black and poor communities. As a continent we are one of the hardest hit by the impacts of climate change and we are left behind as the world progresses toward a low-carbon economy. Without taking into account those most affected, climate solutions will turn into climate exclusion."

Veronica Mulenga - Zambian climate activist

The effects of racism on climate change also dovetail with some of the other forms of racism within certain societies and between territories: Activist Elizabeth Yeampierre points to the exponential damage caused by Hurricanes Maria and Katrina and slow response that followed in their wakes. A 2017 New York University report also links racism and other forms of marginalisation to housing in vulnerable areas, such as floodplains. These connections are not accidental.

7. Language and literacy barriers and immigration status

Yale's Center for Environmental Communication puts it best: "Language barriers can make it difficult for immigrant communities to get early information about incoming storms or weather disasters or wildfires, or to communicate effectively with first responders in the midst of an evacuation order."

This is an especially common problem among refugee communities, who are often among the most vulnerable in a host community and, even if they are displaced in a neighbouring country, may not share the same language. For instance, many Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh have lost their shelters multiple times over due to monsoons, flooding, and fires. This is partly because they are prohibited from building permanent-style shelters, leaving their "homes" in refugee camps highly vulnerable to the elements. For those refugees who don't speak Bengali, getting official information when a storm is forecast can also be challenging.

We'll also add to this section the inequity of illiteracy: In communities that favour harmful patriarchal structures, women are more likely to be illiterate. This leaves fully half of a population unable to get access to information they need before, during, and after a disaster hits.

8. Discrimination against the disabled, chronically-ill, and elderly

Last year, the United Nations Human Rights Council held a panel discussion on how climate change affects older people. High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet added that, by the year 2050, the earth would be home to a population of 1.5 billion people aged 65 and above. If by then we also have not reduced global greenhouse gas emissions to net zero, global warming is expected to exceed 1.5º C.

"Ageism contributes to older persons' vulnerability to climate change," the panel concluded. Statistically, people over 65 are more likely to die during disasters, and face difficulties reaching safety and discrimination or abuse as part of a disaster response. They're also more susceptible to climate-related events like air pollution, heat waves, and disease outbreaks.

People who are disabled and/or chronically-ill face similar challenges. We may be a bit more familiar with these now thanks to the injustices and inequities revealed by COVID-19, which placed the elderly, disabled, and chronically ill into higher risk categories. Climate change operates on a similar scale of injustice, and its effects will be felt more acutely by these communities.

9. Other forms of societal inequality

Gender, age, health, and ability are just some of the ways that preexisting social inequalities can be exacerbated by climate change. However, this isn't the whole of the situation. When resources become limited, the prejudices that underline a society become more pronounced, and these come down to bear on marginalised groups including LGBTQ+ communities, ethnic tribes and groups, religious minorities, and social caste and status. Any form of injustice, in the right circumstances, can also become a climate injustice.

10. Inequality of resources beyond climate mitigation

Many of the above inequities will lead to another climate injustice, and one that carries compound interest. All of these issues invariably leave key identities out of sight and mind when discussions and decisions are being made around disaster preparedness and response.

However, climate also sets up other inequities and injustices to flourish: Climate change and hunger, for example, go hand-in-hand, as food has already become scarcer due to global warming. A climate disaster, or even the more "everyday" setbacks of the crisis, also threaten education for millions of children around the world. This can either be temporary (if a school is destroyed or repurposed as a shelter during an emergency) or long-term (if parents withdraw their children from school to help out at home).

This is why Concern's approach to climate change considers the threats of the climate crisis on particular communities through an intersectional lens. There are any number of domino effects that can happen in a frontline community. We're in part here to make sure those pieces don't get knocked down

How Concern fights climate injustice

Concern is clear that the climate crisis constitutes the most serious global environmental threat and is a significant poverty multiplier.

The majority of people Concern works with are involved in some way with farming and food production. Many of these communities are also on the frontlines of climate change. We work with rural communities to promote Climate Smart Agriculture, an approach that helps families adapt to better crops, growing techniques, and soil improvement practices in response to the changing - and often unpredictable - environment. We also work to strengthen links with the private sector to facilitate access to supplies and equipment.

We also do a lot of work around disaster risk reduction (DRR), which protects the lives and livelihoods of communities and individuals who are most vulnerable to disasters or emergencies. Whether the crisis is caused by nature or humans (or a combination of both), DRR limits its negative impact on those who stand to lose the most. In some cases, we can reduce the size of a disaster, its strength, or even how frequently it occurs. In tandem with this, we can also make sure that those who are most exposed to these hazards are able to better anticipate, survive, and recover - including women, the disabled, elderly, and chronically-ill.

Our climate response is unique to the circumstances of each community where we work, but one key theme for us is prioritising indigenous knowledge and nature-based responses. We find solutions that protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems to address societal challenges. Nature-based solutions not only help to offset the immediate land degradation caused by climate change, but also address challenges like food security, water security, public health, and social and economic development.

Climate injustices in focus

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10 Climate injustices - and how to fight them

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Climate change is not only an issue of environmental conservation. It's also an issue of equity. Here are some of the climate injustices we're fighting.

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1 page Goals Comics - full set PDF Magazine with 18 Pages from alisonbellwood. Read more about goals and comics.

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Measuring the gap between Ireland's climate aspirations and climate actions.

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Action on Global Citizenship Resource for Teachers