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Wellness domains: Key health issues

Type 2 diabetes, Hypertension, osteoarthritis in both knees

Areas for improvement

Lack of physical activity (uses mobility aid), lack of social activity, fear of falling and increased pain, poor nutrition choices (lack of education?)

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Getting less than 7-9 of uninterrupted sleep daily is linked with increased blood pressure, overtime can contribute to the development of hypertension.

Inadequate sleep habits lead to elevated cortisol levels, which may cue more hunger hormones for Mrs. Johnson and worsen her type 2 diabetes.

Prioritize sleeping 7-8 hours of undisturbed sleep in a neutral position to reduce possibility of osteoarthritic pain during rest.

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Amara doesn't have many daily social interactions after her husband's death five years ago and her children moved out of state. This being said, we would recommend joining a local seniors community centre where she can meet other individuals in her community while participating in engaging activities such as art, gentle movement such as swimming, yoga, walks, and games. Being able for her to have company and social interactions daily can help her deal with grief and to experience happiness.

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Meditation: can improve sleep, reduce stress and manager her mental well being

Prayer: can improve Amara’s outcome by providing her with hope and a sense of control during this stressful time in her life.

Deep breathing: can manage and support emotional calmness while improving her ability to cope and heal

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Increase fibre intake by adding more fruit, vegetables, and complex carbohydrates such as quinoa and whole grain containing foods.

Reduction of fatty meats and selecting leaner cuts of meat will reduce Mrs. Amara's intake of saturated fats and sodium

Reduce high energy (calorie) containing foods to help weigh loss and achieve a healthy BMI.

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Acknowledge Strengths and Achievements:

Encourage Mrs. Johnson to identify and reflect on her past achievements

Help her shift focus from physical limitations to strengths and capabilities

Positive Affirmations:

Introduce the practice of positive affirmations to improve self-perception

Build a positive self-image by reinforcing self-worth

Body Image Acceptance:

Encourage a focus on what her body can do, rather than just appearance

Shift focus from physical changes to the functionality and health of her body

Set Realistic Expectations:

Help set small, achievable goals for health and fitness

Celebrate each milestone, no matter how small

Promote Social Connection:

Encourage social activities with friends or family

Social interactions help counter feelings of isolation and improve self-worth

Reinforce the value of relationships and community for emotional well-being

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She could use the SMART goal framework to set realistic goals

She needs to create a clear, achievable path toward her personal health objectives

She needs to develop personal health goals such as weight management, improved mobility, or better blood sugar control

She needs to break down her large goals into smaller, manageable steps

She needs to make her progress feel achievable and not overwhelming

She could keep a journal or tracker for daily activities and diet

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Low impact exercise to ease Mrs. Amara's knee pain and gradually build back muscles and joint strength.

Activities such as chair yoga, water aerobics, and gentle movement are suggested as to not increases Mrs. Johnson's fear of falling while still improving her cardiovascular health.

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Mrs. Amara Johnson needs to come in for regular health check-ups and screening for blood pressure monitoring, diabetes management, blood glucose monitoring, cholesterol screening, and osteoarthritis management.

Blood Pressure Monitoring:

Get checked every 3-6 months

Aim to keep her BP under control to prevent heart disease and stroke.

Diabetes Management (A1c Test):

Get checked every 3-6 months

Aim to maintain A1c below 7% to reduce the risk of diabetes complications.

Blood Glucose Monitoring:

Ensure she is regularly self-monitoring her blood glucose

Aim to manage her cholesterol levels to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cholesterol Screening:

Get an annual screening or get them as advised

Aim to manage her cholesterol levels to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease.

Osteoarthritis Management:

Get a regular assessment of her joint health

Aim to manage her pain and improve her mobility with physical therapy, pain control, and joint protection strategies.

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Mrs. Amara Johnson needs to make sure that she is making healthy lifestyle choices.

Exercise and Physical Activity:

Low impact exercises

Aim to improve mobility, strengthen muscles, and manage pain

Gradual increase in activity level to build stamina and confidence

Diet and Nutrition:

Emphasize whole foods

Limit high-fat and surgery foods to manage diabetes and weight

Encourage smaller portions, high-fibre foods, and balanced meals

Weight Management:

Aim for gradual weight loss to reduce stress on joints and improve diabetes control

Focus on small, sustainable changes

Medication Management:

Adherence to prescribed medications for diabetes, hypertension, and osteoarthritis

Regular review of medications with healthcare provider

Self-Care and Stress Management:

Encourage relaxation techniques

Address stress and its impact on health, particularly blood sugar glucose

Vaccinations:

Ensure up-to-date vaccinations

Aim to prevent illness, especially respiratory infections

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Prioritising mental wellness by following a proper nutrition and sleep regime.

Aiming for low impact exercise, starting slowly to gradually face her fear of falling and increased osteoarthritic pain when exercising, and building up over time with the help of community and therapeutic support

By prioritising holistic care for Mrs. Amara Johnson healthcare providers can focus on treating both her mental and physical symptoms to encourage a full recovery

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Living alone and feeling isolated can be solved by Mrs. Johnson joining a local seniors support group or community centre where she can meet other individuals her age and join activities she may enjoy.

Struggling to create nutritious meals that meet her health goals. Mrs. Amara can start seeing a local dietician specializing in diabetes management or use community meal services such as 'Meals on Wheels' to ensure she is receiving meal support.

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Amara feels isolated since her husband passed away. Her current state causes her to feel sadness and frustration.

Due to her fear of injury and her pain levels, she does not engage in physical activity.

To manage Amara’s feelings of sadness and loneliness, therapy and counselling could assist her with her emotional wellbeing.

Physical therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy are two options that engage in physical activity while reducing pain and decrease her fear of falling.

Addressing her negative thoughts and redirecting them to have a healthy belief and behaviour towards her well being, Amara’s emotional, physical, and psychological will will enhance her quality of life.

Another alternative can be support groups, Amara is dealing with grief and isolation.

Having relationships and communication with other individuals who are in similar situations can allow her to process grief, experience validation, shared coping strategies as well as encouragement.

A support group can provide her with motivation she needs to take the first few steps in physical activity.

personal coping strategies

Amara can establish a daily routine with new hobbies so that she can reach her new goals.

As Amara enjoys reading, she can engage in volunteering to read to children. This would increase her physical activity and allow her to distract herself while doing something she enjoys.

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Working with health care providers to find a diet plan that suits both her mental and physical wellness.

Adding natural supplements such as ginseng and chromium may benefit Mrs. Amara to lower her glucose levels.

Meditation and yoga will improve mental wellbeing and help reduce anxiety.

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relaxation techniques such as mindfulness, meditation and yoga

support systems- having a network of family, friends, and support groups to help her manager the reality of having multiple conditions

cognitive behavioral therapy

daily physical activity - low impact exercises to manage weight, stress, and muscle pain

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1. Build confidence and provide education

Talk to her about how gentle exercise can help her feel better and reduce her pain

Could share some examples and stories of people have been successful

2. Start with gentle activities

Start with easy, maybe seated exercise

Example could be water exercise

3. Manage pain

Work with her doctor to make sure she has proper pain relief

Tell her to use heat, ice, and get some rest

4. Ensure safety

Check her home to make sure there are no fall risks

Show her how to use a walker properly

5. Encourage social activities

Suggest group exercise classes

Involve her family or friends for support

6. Track progress

Do regular check-ins and track her pain

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The social cognitive theory discusses the connection between person, environment and behaviour.

-constructing an environment conducive to promoting ms.johnsons activity and diet is important

-producing a manageable eating and activity plan

-Being involved in her activities and providing demonstration will encourage her to try harder

-subtly increasing the availability and convenience of healthier foods will make ms.Johnson more likely to eat healthier

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Track physical health

Track her activity and exercises, and see if she can move better

Monitor her weight and blood sugar levels

Assess pain and safety

Ask her to rate her pain levels whenever she comes in

Keep track of any falls or close calls

Check her mood

Ask her how she is feeling and her progress

Ask if she is enjoying the activities

Check for any stress or loneliness

Adjust the plan needed

Make changes to the pain management strategies, exercise/activity, her support systems, and what she likes or dislikes

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Case Study Amara Johnson Week 6 NURS 1000 STUDENT 2

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1. What psychological techniques or strategies would you suggest for addressing Mrs. Johnson’s fear of falling? Would you consider involving a mental health professional or psychologist to help manage this fear and build confidence?

2. How would you address any misconceptions Mrs. Johnson might have about her health conditions, such as the belief that exercise will worsen her osteoarthritis? What information would you provide to help reduce these myths?

3. What specific metrics or outcomes would you use to track Mrs. Johnson’s progress in rehabilitation, both in terms of physical function and psychological well-being? How would you ensure that her goals remain realistic and attainable over time?

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Diabetes and Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know | NCCIH. (n.d.). NCCIH. Retrieved November 20, 2024, from https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/diabetes-and-dietary-supplements-what-you-need-to-know

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Osteoporosis Canada. (2019, April 8). Osteoporosis Canada |. https://osteoporosis.ca/

Scott, E. (2008, February 8). How to Cope With Loneliness: 9 Strategies to Try. Verywell Mind; Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-to-cope-with-loneliness-3144939

Social Cognitive Theory Model - Rural Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Toolkit. (n.d.). Rural Health Information Hub. Retrieved November 20, 2024, from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/2/theories-and-models/social-cognitive