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End of Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow (1877)

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End of Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow (1877)

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Federal troops withdrew from the South, ending Reconstruction and allowing Jim Crow laws to spread.

This marked a huge step backward in racial equality, setting the stage for decades of reform movements that followed.

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The first federal law to ban monopolies and regulate big business, aimed at restoring competition.

Signaled a shift toward using government power to reform unfair economic practices during rapid industrialization.

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Created the Federal Reserve System to regulate the banking industry and stabilize the economy.

Reflected the Progressive goal of using government to manage economic problems and prevent financial crises.

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19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage (1920)

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19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage (1920)

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Granted women the right to vote after decades of activism led by suffragists like Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul.

Marked a major expansion of democracy and a turning point in the women’s rights movement.

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Established old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to vulnerable populations as part of FDR’s New Deal.

Redefined the federal government’s role in providing economic security and protecting citizens.

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Supreme Court case declaring school segregation unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

Sparked the modern civil rights movement and challenged deeply rooted racial ideologies in law and culture.

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Banned segregation and discrimination in public places, employment, and education based on race, sex, religion, or national origin.

A key victory of civil rights activism, fundamentally reshaping American legal and social landscapes.

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National Organization for Women Founded (1966)

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National Organization for Women Founded (1966)

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Feminists created NOW to advocate for gender equality in education, work, and reproductive rights.

Signaled the rise of second-wave feminism, broadening the women’s rights movement beyond voting.

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Earth Day & Environmental Protection Agency (1970)

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Earth Day & Environmental Protection Agency (1970)

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The first Earth Day protests led to the creation of the EPA and stronger environmental laws like the Clean Air Act.

Reflected a growing reform movement focused on environmental protection and sustainability.

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Obergefell v. Hodges – Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage (2015)

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Obergefell v. Hodges – Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage (2015)

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Supreme Court case that legalized same-sex marriage across the United States.

Represented a major cultural and legal shift toward LGBTQ+ equality, continuing the trend of expanding civil rights. #LoveWins