# data[].attributes.headline
1805 - Constitution of Haiti Dessalines becomes Emperor Jacques I

# data[].attributes.subject
1805 - Constitution of Haiti Dessalines becomes Emperor Jacques I

# data[].attributes.body
The new Haitian constitution reinforced independence and banned slavery permanently. Jean-Jacques Dessalines ruled as Emperor Jacques I, leading the newly independent nation.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
1805 - Constitution of Haiti Dessalines becomes Emperor Jacques I

# data[].attributes.body
Napoleon expanded French influence across Europe through military victories and alliances, increasing France’s power.

# data[].attributes.body
Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of France, transforming the republic into an empire while maintaining some revolutionary reforms.

# data[].attributes.headline
1803 - Napoleonic France at war in Europe

# data[].attributes.subject
1803 - Napoleonic France at war in Europe

# data[].attributes.body
France remained involved in major European conflicts during the Napoleonic Wars. Military campaigns expanded French influence but also stretched resources. The failure of French forces in Haiti during this period contributed to Napoleon abandoning plans for a large French empire in the Americas.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
1803 - Napoleonic France at war in Europe

# data[].attributes.headline
1802 - Toussaint Louverture captured and deported

# data[].attributes.subject
1802 - Toussaint Louverture captured and deported

# data[].attributes.body
Napoleon sent troops to restore French authority. Toussaint Louverture was captured and deported to France, where he later died in prison.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
1802 - Toussaint Louverture captured and deported

# data[].attributes.body
After taking power in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte strengthened his control over France. In 1801 he signed the Concordat of 1801 with the Pope, restoring relations between France and the Catholic Church while keeping the Church under state influence.

# data[].attributes.headline
1799 - Napoleon takes power, Coup of 18 Brumaire

# data[].attributes.subject
1799 - Napoleon takes power, Coup of 18 Brumaire

# data[].attributes.body
Napoleon Bonaparte seized power during the Coup of 18 Brumaire, effectively ending the Revolution and beginning his rise.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
1799 - Napoleon takes power, Coup of 18 Brumaire

# data[].attributes.headline
1794 - France abolishes slavery in all colonies, Toussaint Louverture allies with France

# data[].attributes.subject
1794 - France abolishes slavery in all colonies, Toussaint Louverture allies with France

# data[].attributes.body
France officially abolished slavery across all its colonies. Leaders such as Toussaint Louverture allied with France and helped defend the colony.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
1794 - France abolishes slavery in all colonies, Toussaint Louverture allies with France

# data[].attributes.headline
1793 - French commissioners abolish slavery locally

# data[].attributes.subject
1793 - French commissioners abolish slavery locally

# data[].attributes.body
French commissioners abolished slavery in Saint-Domingue to gain support against enemies. This decision encouraged formerly enslaved people to fight alongside French forces.

# data[].attributes.headline
1792- Fighting spreads across Saint-Domingue

# data[].attributes.subject
1792- Fighting spreads across Saint-Domingue

# data[].attributes.body
Conflict intensified among enslaved rebels, white colonists, free people of color, and foreign powers. The colony entered a period of widespread violence and instability.

# data[].attributes.headline
1791 - Constitution, Louis XVI attempts to flee

# data[].attributes.subject
1791 - Constitution, Louis XVI attempts to flee

# data[].attributes.body
The French Constitution of 1791 limited the king’s powers and created a constitutional monarchy. That same year, King Louis XVI attempted to escape France in the Flight to Varennes, weakening trust in the monarchy.

# data[].attributes.body
This reform placed the Catholic Church under state control and required clergy to swear loyalty to France. It created divisions between revolutionaries and religious groups.

# data[].attributes.headline
1801 - Constitution of Saint-Domingue: Toussaint becomes governor for life

# data[].attributes.subject
1801 - Constitution of Saint-Domingue: Toussaint becomes governor for life

# data[].attributes.body
The Constitution of Saint-Domingue made Toussaint governor for life and maintained the end of slavery while keeping formal ties with France.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
1801 - Constitution of Saint-Domingue: Toussaint becomes governor for life

# data[].attributes.headline
1802 - Napoleon sends expedition to regain colony

# data[].attributes.subject
1802 - Napoleon sends expedition to regain colony

# data[].attributes.body
Napoleon attempted to restore French authority over colonies, especially Saint-Domingue. He sent a large military expedition led by Charles Leclerc to regain control and potentially restore slavery. This intensified the conflict in Haiti and led to the capture of Toussaint Louverture.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
1802 - Napoleon sends expedition to regain colony

# data[].attributes.headline
1803 - Battle of Vertières; French Defeated

# data[].attributes.subject
1803 - Battle of Vertières; French Defeated

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Vertières was the decisive battle of the revolution, where Haitian forces defeated the French army.

# data[].attributes.body
On January 1, Haiti declared independence through the Declaration of Independence of Haiti. Haiti became the first independent Black republic and the first country created through a successful slave revolt.

# data[].attributes.headline
1796-98 - Toussaint gains control, British withdrawal

# data[].attributes.subject
1796-98 - Toussaint gains control, British withdrawal

# data[].attributes.body
Toussaint Louverture became the dominant political and military leader in Saint-Domingue. British attempts to take control failed, and foreign troops withdrew.

# data[].attributes.body
France established the Directory, a more moderate government. However, corruption and political instability continued.

# data[].attributes.body
Robespierre was arrested and executed, bringing the Reign of Terror to an end. France moved away from extreme revolutionary violence.

# data[].attributes.headline
1793 - Execution of Louis XVI, Reign of Terror begins, Committee of Public Safety

# data[].attributes.subject
1793 - Execution of Louis XVI, Reign of Terror begins, Committee of Public Safety

# data[].attributes.body
Louis XVI was executed for treason, ending centuries of monarchy. The Reign of Terror followed, led by the Committee of Public Safety and Maximilien Robespierre, using executions to eliminate perceived enemies.

# data[].attributes.headline
1792 - France Becomes a Republic, September Massacres

# data[].attributes.subject
1792 - France Becomes a Republic, September Massacres

# data[].attributes.body
France abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. During the September Massacres, fears of counterrevolution led to violent killings of prisoners in Paris.

# data[].attributes.headline
1791 - Bois Caïman Ceremony, Slave uprising begins, Haitian Revolution begins

# data[].attributes.subject
1791 - Bois Caïman Ceremony, Slave uprising begins, Haitian Revolution begins

# data[].attributes.body
The Bois Caïman Ceremony is traditionally seen as inspiring unity among enslaved people in Saint-Domingue. Soon after, a massive slave revolt began, starting the Haitian Revolution.

# data[].attributes.headline
1789 - Beggining of the French Revolution, Bastille, Declaration of Rights, National Assembly, Tennis Court Oath, Woman's March

# data[].attributes.subject
1789 - Beggining of the French Revolution, Bastille, Declaration of Rights, National Assembly, Tennis Court Oath, Woman's March

# data[].attributes.body
The French Revolution began as France faced economic crisis and dissatisfaction with the monarchy. The Storming of the Bastille became a symbol of rebellion against royal authority. Later that year, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen established ideas of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty. Tennis Court Oath, promising not to separate until France had a constitution. The National Assembly was created when representatives of the Third Estate broke away from the Estates-General, claiming to represent the French people. The Women's March on Versailles began as a protest against high bread prices and food shortages.