# data[].attributes.body
#22 The three Rs— reduction, replacement, and refinement— suggest that better methods of testing exist, allowing us to circumvent animal testing. Simply reducing the number of animals being used in an experiment would lessen the effects of animal testing. Whereas completely replacing animal testing with nonanimal techniques such as computational models and cell culture systems is another option

# data[].attributes.body
#21 The example set by the EU helped inspire other countries, such as India, Israel, Norway, Iceland, Australia, Colombia, Guatemala, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Switzerland, and parts of Brazil, to pass similar laws.9 Most recently, Mexico became the first country in North America and the 41st nation in the world to completely ban animal testing for cosmetics.

# data[].attributes.body
#20 “Special” cosmetics like antiperspirants, sunscreens, and baby products continue to be subject to more in-depth information requirements, and the country can still require new ingredients to undergo animal testing

# data[].attributes.body
#19  Legally, cosmetics include makeup, skin care, hair products, deodorant, and toothpaste.

# data[].attributes.body
#18 new pharmaceuticals pass preclinical animal testing to enter clinical trials about 12% of the time; of that, about 60% successfully complete the first phase of supplementary trials and a whopping 89% then go on to fail in human clinical trials.

# data[].attributes.body
#16 Many of these outdated experimental techniques are ultimately pointless, since they typically produce results that cannot reliably be applied to humans.

# data[].attributes.body
#17 Humane Society International estimates that about half a million animals are used to test cosmetics around the world each year.

# data[].attributes.body
#15  scientists may be putting many animals through unnecessary pain and suffering. Only a small fraction of animal-tested products become approved and enter the market

# data[].attributes.body
#14 critics of animal testing is claim that this expensive practice is a form of inhumane treatment, wasting the lives of these animals, and may prove unreliable for discovering cures for specifically human disease.

# data[].attributes.body
#13 Since humans share 98% of their DNA with mice, a majority of the experiments regarding diabetes, heart disease, and cancer are performed on rodents in the United States. By observing animals’ reaction to possible medical products, scientists can infer how effective the treatment would be for combating human diseases.

# data[].attributes.body
#12 the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee oversees animal research for approved experiments. To gain approval, the researcher must demonstrate that animal use is necessary and that the appropriate species is chosen for experimentation, which include, but are not limited to rats, mice, rabbits, farm animals, dogs, and monkeys.

# data[].attributes.body
#11 Across the globe, about 115 million animals are subjected to lab experiments annually [1]. However, some countries are less strict with the documentation of animal use, so the actual numbers may be even higher than reported

# data[].attributes.body
#10 This new amendment to the Animal Welfare Act adds a requirement that all dogs and cats held at animal shelters must be kept there for at least 5 days before being sold to a research facility.

# data[].attributes.body
#9 The Act now regulates more research facilities to protect animals throughout the entire research process and exhibitors, such as carnivals, circuses, and zoos.

# data[].attributes.body
#8  Animal Welfare Act's protections to cover all warm-blooded animals used for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition, except horses and farm animals not used for research.

# data[].attributes.body
#7 Rep. Resnick's efforts lead to the passage of the (Laboratory) Animal Welfare Act, of which the stated intention is "…to protect the owners of dogs and cats from theft of such pets, to prevent the sale or use of dogs and cats which have been stolen, and to insure that certain animals intended for use in research facilities are provided humane care and treatment…".

# data[].attributes.body
#6  Dalmatian that was stolen from their farm in Pennsylvania in June 1965 and sold to a research facility in New York City. Pepper's theft and eventual death prompts Rep. Joseph Resnick (D-NY) to introduce a Laboratory Animal Welfare bill

# data[].attributes.body
#5 Some chemicals that are ineffective on (or harmful to) animals prove valuable when used by humans. Aspirin, for example, is dangerous for some animal species.

# data[].attributes.body
#4 Other research methods such as in vitro testing (tests done on human cells or tissue in a petri dish) offer opportunities to reduce or replace animal testing. Technological advancements in 3D printing allow the possibility for tissue bioprinting

# data[].attributes.body
#3 humans are able to give consent to be used in testing and are a viable option when the need arises. [142] The COVID-19 (coronavirus) global pandemic demonstrated that researchers can skip animal testing and go straight to observing how vaccines work in humans.

# data[].attributes.body
#2 animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, food and water deprivation, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain to study its effects and remedies, and “killing by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, neck-breaking, decapitation, or other means.”

# data[].attributes.body
#1 "It would be unethical to perform invasive experimental procedures on human beings before the methods have been tested on animals, and some experiments involve genetic manipulation"