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Plasmodium falciparum is the most malignant type of Malaria

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Malaria is a life threatening disease that is spread through the bites of infected female. Once bitten, the infectious agent in humans is protozoan parasites under the genus Plasmodium. For example, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, or P. malariae are the different types of malaria that humans can be infected with. After being infected, the parasites infect the liver cells which then multiplies to be able to go infect red blood cells in the body.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria#:~:text=Malaria%20is%20a%20life%2Dthreatening,at%20619%20000%20in%2020

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/index.html

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Constantine, Algeria  CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - History - Laveran and the Discovery of the Malaria Parasite

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Malaria was first detected in western North Africa, specifically Constantine Algeria, and was discovered there in 1880. Although this is true there were cases most likely in Bone where Dr. Alphonse Laveran (discovered/studied malaria) fist saw possible signs of the disease present in the military medical hospital he was working at. When studying this disease is was found that the suspected infectious agent was a parasite . With said it was also found that Malaria is a vector-borne disease. A vector-borne disease is defined as "a disease that results from an infection to human and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks and fleas." We know this directly relates to Malaria because the disease is spread through infected female anopheles mosquito.

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/laveran.html

https://www.britannica.com/video/194982/diseases-malaria-animals-humans#:~:text=While%20the%20term%20zoonosis%20applies,vector%20borne%20disease%20is%20malaria.

http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/vector.htm#:~:text=Vector%2DBorne%20Disease%3A%20Disease%20that,%2C%20Lyme%20disease%2C%20and%20malaria.

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CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - History - Laveran and the Discovery of the Malaria Parasite

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History of malaria focusing on Laveran and the discovery of the malaria parasite.

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Malaria has spread from its origin in Constantine, Algeria to more than one hundred countries and territories across the world. For example, Malaria can be found in parts of the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and large parts of South Asia and Africa. This is ancient disease that seems to be written about in tablets from Mesopotamia based on the descriptions given. Then this disease reached Rome and Europe and spread through Arica in the first century was discovered in Constantine, Algeria where it was finally named and discovered and we also see its greatest toll taken in the continent of Africa. Also, in the early 20th century the disease finally spread to the US. Lastly Since India and China a very heavily populated it reached these areas quickly and spread rapidly. With this said, the latest update reported that approximately 247 million people in 2021 alone were infected with malaria and in 2020 it was approximately 246 million people which could be due to the significant increase in population since the disease was discovered

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html#:~:text=Large%20areas%20of%20Africa%20and,occur%20in%20all%20warm%20climates.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK215638/

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First off, virulence can be defined as the harm done by a pathogen to the host following an infection. Malaria has very high virulence in humans and this can be directly related to the high parasite transmission rate and how lethal the parasites are when entering the human body. After the 19th century, the mortality rate dropped meaning the diseases virulence went down over time due to humans adapting to the disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1693375/#:~:text=Malaria%20parasites%20cause%20much%20morbidity,associated%20with%20parasite%20transmission%20rate.

https://www.malariasite.com/history-parasites/#:~:text=From%20the%20mid%2D19th%20century,along%20with%20the%20lethal%20P.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.gov.in%2FPressReleasePage.aspx%3FPRID%3D1677601&psig=AOvVaw1ORq7uD1d_Ny8_eSuFkfIw&ust=1680817093128000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjhxqFwoTCLDwyuLZk_4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAf

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Since Malaria is such a virulent disease the health care community first tried to eliminate the disease but keeping it under control and taking this route of reduction it soon was eliminated from a lot of countries. The CDC stated with a elimination of malaria in the US and when they saw results the they realized that reduction was occurring they decided to continue their efforts in prevention, careful examination, and technological help. Due to this fact, these efforts were taken to support the rest of the country and also world wide. With this in mind, we can then focus on how medical advances were used to combat his disease. To combat this worldwide disease the World Health Organization proposed an idea to help eradicate malaria world wide. The proposal included house spraying with residual insecticides, antimalarial drug treatment (DDT which is a more effective synthetic antimalarials), and surveillance. Theses were proposed to be carried out in a series of 4 consecutive steps which are preparation, attack consolidation and lastly maintenance. To help with disease prevention they found anti-malaria drones to be very successful because they were used to spray biological insecticides in rice fields and swamps to help in reduction in the mosquito populations. Also another major medical advancement made was the development of the malaria vaccine which was a major catalyst in the elimination and reduction of malaria.

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/index.html

https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-023-04454-0#:~:text=Drone%2Dbased%20technologies,-This%20review%20has&text=Anti%2Dmalaria%20drones%20have%20been,%2C%20India%2C%20Rwanda%20and%20Zanzibar.

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One of the first bills signed concerning Malaria was the Tennessee Valley Authority by Franklin Roosevelt. This bill was to improve the lad and water ways in this region but it also allowed for Malaria, which was affected 30%, to be essentially eliminated from this area Then, in 2005 the government took control to help by moving the Presidents Malaria Initiative forward to help address the global issue of malaria which is run by the USAID and the CDC. With this initiative it is visible the implementation of malaria efforts were reaching globally as the U.S. has helped with malaria activates in 30 different countries. From 1942-1945 we see the initiative of Malaria Control in War area being implemented to help control Malaria on military bases in the Southern U.S. One thing that leadership could have done better was have better program management especially since the elimination and control program contradict each other.
https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-global-malaria/

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/index.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4497885/

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One of the main societal impacts of Malaria is that it generally attacks low income areas and areas that have a lack of access to medical necessities. Moreover this also ties int social exclusion in correlation to ethic groups also reflects on the idea of poverty. With this said, just as these poverty stricken areas, malaria is also able to causes poverty because of the direct and indirect costs that come with having the disease. Some ways that society changed its behavior due to Malaria is tied to prevention because with put change in behavior we cant help prevent the disease. this change in behavior includes changing local perception about the disease and its causes, how people decide if a given treatment or preventative is effective, the patterns of seeking treatment during outbreaks, and the community role in planning implementing and evaluating the control program. From Malaria society learned more about brain function, cognitive development, performance, and behavior, because when infected there is evidence that theses areas can be affected. the anatomy of the brain stays intact but its functions and development are lost.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435125/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234325/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2614/