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The Federal Bureau of Narcotics was established in 1930 and funded by the department of treasury.  Harry J. Anslinger was appointed commissioner by the Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon  in August 1930 to August 1962.  Andrew Mellon was Harry J. Anslinger’s father in law.  He was a strong advocate for harsher anti drug laws. During his time in office Aslinger was known to focus on the criminalization of all drugs but more particularly Marihuana.

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The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the sale, production, and consumption of alcohol. However, prohibition did not stop people from consuming alcohol. Prohibition took a lot of work to enforce. Illegal production and sale of alcohol, also known as bootlegging, was thriving. On December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment was ratified, ending prohibition.

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Starting in 1934 and ending in 1968 The Motion Picture Association of America banned drug use in movies unrelated to the plot. The U.S. government did not view film as art  but more in the sense of business, which should be "pure and simple"  no different than the pharmaceutical industry which caused films to be government regulated. The code essentially prohibted anything that was deemed as "vulgar" including profanity, violence, sexual persuasiveness and rape and suggestive nudity as well as any indication of mocking religion. It was a self imposed guideline for film makers. Many cities and states thought this would aid moral influence through censorship laws. Given local censorship was not uniformed until 1934 smoking and drug use might be banned in one state  but depicted through film in another. The censorship of movies were backed by religious leaders, local censor boards and the PCA causing Hollywood to set the standard and conform. This backfired in keeping Hollywood in a box on movies they would promote and release until 1953 when the Supreme Court deemed it as unconstitutional.
https://daily.jstor.org/end-american-film-censorship/#:~:text=The%20Hays%20Code%2C%20a%20censorship,Court%20decision%20declared%20it%20unconstitutional.&text=When%20the%20Oscars%20began%20in,t%20even%20consider%20movies%20art.

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Reefer Madness is a drug propaganda film by Arthur Hoerl and produced by Goerge Hirliman. This film contributed to the hysteria surrounding the consumption of Marihuana in the 1930s. The dramatic movie suggested that if you smoked Marihuana, you would be more likely to become a criminal. The film's plot follows a couple of teens lured by a couple of dealers to consume Marihuana. Later these teens are involved in crimes like manslaughter, rape, and conspiracy. The film also suggests a person can experience hallucinations after smoking the drug. Later in the 1970s, the film would be considered a satire.

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The United States has been using hemp to produce clothes, other products, and medicinal drugs throughout the United States. It was accessible for purchase in Pharmacies. It was after the Mexican Revolution of 1910, when an influx of Mexican immigrants came to the U.S., bringing the recreational use of Marihuana that caused panic among Americans. Before the 1910s, the recreational use of this drug, Marihuana, was limited for Americans. Mexican immigrants are still blamed for the growing use of it. Therefore congress passed The Marihuana Tax
Act not outlawing the use or sale of it but regulating it.

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This law passed by Congress ensured that drugs contained for human consumption were safe but did not have to prove that they were effective. This required for manufactured drugs, cosmetics and medical devices to be labeled with directions for safe use. This also required manufacturers to submit an application showing that their new drug was safe for consumption and use before marketing it to the public and gave the FDA the authority to regulate food, drugs, medical devices and cosmetics. In simple terms it outlined the quality for safe food, drugs and cosmetics and provided federal oversight and enforcement of these standards.  Prohibited acts and penalties included but not limited to:

"the introduction or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce of any food, drug, device, tobacco product, or cosmetic that is adulterated or misbranded"

"the adulteration or misbranding of any food, drug, device, tobacco product, or cosmetic in interstate commerce"

"the receipt in interstate commerce of any food, drug, device, tobacco product, or cosmetic that is adulterated or misbranded, and the delivery or proffered delivery thereof for pay or otherwise"

"the refusal to permit access to or copying of any record" as required by the law

"the refusal to permit entry or inspection" as required by the law

https://ballotpedia.org/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act_of_1938
https://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/fda-exhibit/legislation/1938.html

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) encouraged farmers to grow hemp during World War II because it was a vital resource for ropes and heavy cloths used during the war including military uniforms. The USDA even released a short documentary called, "Hemp for Victory" which was used to promote cropping of the plant in order to fund the war, focusing on encouraging farmers to grow as much as possible. The film was in black and white and depicted the history of hemp and its products including how its grown and how to manufacture it into rope, cloth and other products. This is essentially what caused America to briefly lift the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. Although before 1989 the film was unknown and the U.S. government denied the film ever being made and told everyone that no such film existed until a copy of the film appeared in 1989.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp_for_Victory

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The 1940s was a huge time for coverage on drugs and alcohol movements, or reformations given that America was mostly focused on World War II. Although the medias focus was the War there were a couple of major medical breakthroughs that was of aid to the American troops. Due to the urgency of War medical research was better coordinated, financed and able produce more drugs and affective treatments. Technology from the nuclear industry brought new radiation therapies to fight diseases. In 1943 several U.S. pharmaceutical companies were mass producing purified penicillin to treat war-related injuries nearly 21 billion dosage units. The penicillin was used to treat bacterial factors and infectious diseases for those fighting the war.
https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/1940.htm

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The Boggs Act of 1951 amended the Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act and set mandatory sentences for drug convictions. A first offense conviction for marijuana possession carried a minimum sentence of 2 to 10 years and a fine of up to $20,000.The act was sponsored by Hale Boggs, a Louisiana Democrat. [3]

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The Narcotic Control Act of 1956 included increased penalties for selling or possessing opiate drugs, cocaine, and marijuana (including the option for the death penalty for selling such drugs to juveniles) and gave the Federal Bureau of Narcotics more powers for enforcement, including warrantless searches.

The Narcotics Control Act (NCA) of 1956 was proposed in order to help eradicate the use and trafficking of narcotic drugs and marijuana. At the time of its proposal, the government estimated that 60,000, or 1 in 3,000, people were addicted to drugs and that approximately $219 million was spent annually for drugs obtained through illegal sources.

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·       LSD, also known in the 1960s by its slang name, “acid,” became something of a revolutionary, counter-cultural substance in that period. And Leary, after a time as a university researcher exploring the drug’s psychotherapy potential, became a kind of “pied piper” for the drug’s recreational and spiritual use.

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In the 1960s, as drugs became symbols of youthful rebellion, social upheaval, and political dissent, the government halted scientific research to evaluate their medical safety and efficacy.

In June 1971, President Nixon declared a “war on drugs.” He dramatically increased the size and presence of federal drug control agencies and pushed through measures such as mandatory sentencing and no-knock warrants.

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In June 1971, Nixon officially declared a “War on Drugs,” stating that drug abuse was “public enemy number one.”

A rise in recreational drug use in the 1960s likely led to President Nixon’s focus on targeting some types of substance abuse. As part of the War on Drugs initiative, Nixon increased federal funding for drug-control agencies and proposed strict measures, such as mandatory prison sentencing, for drug crimes. He also announced the creation of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (SAODAP), which was headed by Dr. Jerome Jaffe.

Nixon went on to create the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in 1973. This agency is a special police force committed to targeting illegal drug use and smuggling in the United States.

At the start, the DEA was given 1,470 special agents and a budget of less than $75 million. Today, the agency has nearly 5,000 agents and a budget of $2.03 billion.

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Amphetamine became popular in the 1920s amongst the medical community but as legal use increased so did the need for it in the black market. The original use for amphetamine was as a replacement drug for heroin users but physicians began to prescribe it to people who they deemed as heroin addicts but did not even asses the patients to see if these claims were true. Many people used speed as an upper like college students, truck drivers and even sport professionals. The practice of injecting amphetamines took of in the 1960s causing a crackdown on the drug in 1962 specifically pharmacies in San Fransisco who sold injectable amphetamine and gained national attention to what is called "mainlining". In the article, "The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs" published in Consumers Report magazine in 1972 author Edward M. Breacher wrote, "In addition to the "scrip-writer" physicians described above, some San Francisco pharmacies began selling injectable amphetamines without a prescription, or on the basis of crudely forged prescriptions, or on a telephoned "prescription" from a user posing as a physician. Federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies cracked down on such practices in 1962 and 1963; physicians and pharmacists alike were convicted of law violations, accompanied by widespread publicity. Thus the delights of amphetamine mainlining, previously known primarily to heroin addicts, became a matter of common knowledge and general interest." Eventually this scandal gained attention publicly in 1962 in which the federal and state governments created laws and regulations to put a halt to the illegal distribution. The crackdown led to several underground LSD or "speed labs" many being on the West Coast and was dominated by motorcycle groups who produced and distributed them. The drug called Methedrine came to be socially known as "speed". Due to the shortage on the drug this became a highly profitable enterprise and created a new source of income in the Bay Area.

https://druglibrary.net/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU37.html

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On July 15th 1965 the Drug Abuse Control Act of 1965 was used to prevented the misuse and illicit distribution of dangerous drugs specifically being sedatives and stimulants. Unlike narcotics these drugs can be cheaply manufactured creating a large profit margin for illegal distributors. During this time the FDA estimated the at least one-half of the annual production of certain drugs during this time were diverted into criminal trafficking rings. Some of their products being counterfeit. The 1965 amendment to the federal drug laws required manufacturers to to record and keep records of all shipments which in return made it harder to divert legal amphetamines into the black market but enabled "speed labs" to cut out street competitors and low price legal competition. Essentially American Black markets operators got around the law by sending large orders of legal drugs to Mexican addresses, then to be smuggled back into America.

https://druglibrary.net/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU37.html

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1968 Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous drugs

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1968 Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous drugs

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Merged with the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (Food and Drug Administration) by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1968, effective April 8, 1968, to form the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs , Department of Justice, which had responsibility for preventing illicit traffic in narcotic, stimulant, and depressant drugs and for controlling the legitimate manufacture of such drugs for medicinal purposes.

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In the late 1960's U.S. officials believed that the drug problem in the United States had reached crisis proportions and they partially blamed Mexico as a major supplier. In 1969, the Nixon Administration did not believe Mexico was doing enough to prevent drugs crossing the United States/Mexico border. The Nixon administration launched a surprise, uni-lateral effort, Operation Intercept. In 1969, in an effort to drug stop trafficking across the Southwest Border, the Nixon Administration ordered that each person and vehicle crossing the border be inspected. The Nixon Administration hoped this would pressure Mexico into placing more resources into anti-drug efforts.

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The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is a federal law that was enacted by the US Congress in 1970 to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and use of certain drugs and substances. The CSA classifies drugs into five schedules based on their potential for abuse, medical use, and safety, with Schedule I being the most tightly controlled and Schedule V being the least.

The CSA established the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as the primary agency responsible for enforcing federal drug laws and regulations. The DEA has the authority to investigate drug-related crimes, seize illegal drugs, and prosecute drug offenders.

The CSA also established penalties for drug-related offenses, including fines, imprisonment, and forfeiture of assets. Penalties vary depending on the type and quantity of the drug involved, as well as the offender's criminal history.

Since its enactment, the CSA has been amended several times to address emerging drug trends and to improve drug control policies. The law has been praised for its role in reducing drug abuse and drug-related crime, but has also been criticized for its harsh penalties and disproportionate impact on certain communities.

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1971 Drug Policies at The State Federal Level

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1971 Drug Policies at The State Federal Level

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The Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1971, more commonly known as the Controlled Substances Act, became effective on May 1, 1971. The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 establishes a federal policy to regulate the manufacturing, distributing, importing/exporting, and use of regulated substances. The CSA was enacted by the 91st United States Congress and signed by President Richard Nixon into law in 1970.
This statute was an effort to combine all previous federal drug laws and allow for federal law enforcement of controlled substances, serving as the legal foundation in the federal fight against drug abuse.

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In June 1971, Nixon officially declared a “War on Drugs,” stating that drug abuse was “public enemy number one.”

A rise in recreational drug use in the 1960s likely led to President Nixon’s focus on targeting some types of substance abuse. As part of the War on Drugs initiative, Nixon increased federal funding for drug-control agencies and proposed strict measures, such as mandatory prison sentencing, for drug crimes. He also announced the creation of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (SAODAP), which was headed by Dr. Jerome Jaffe.

Nixon went on to create the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in 1973.

One of the key components of the "War on Drugs" was the creation of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in 1973, which consolidated the federal government's drug enforcement efforts into a single agency. The administration also established mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses, increased funding for drug treatment programs, and launched public awareness campaigns to discourage drug use. However, critics of the "War on Drugs" argue that the policies were racially biased and disproportionately targeted minority communities. They also argue that the emphasis on law enforcement and incarceration did little to address the root causes of drug addiction and drug-related crime. In recent years, there has been a growing movement to reform drug policies and shift towards a public health approach to drug addiction.

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The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a federal law enforcement agency within the United States Department of Justice. It was established in 1973 as part of the government's efforts to combat illegal drug trafficking and abuse.

The DEA's mission is to enforce the Controlled Substances Act and other drug-related laws, as well as to disrupt and dismantle drug trafficking organizations. The agency is responsible for investigating and prosecuting individuals and organizations involved in drug trafficking, and for seizing assets and property acquired through illegal drug activities.

The DEA works in close partnership with other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies, as well as with international partners, to combat drug trafficking and related crimes. The agency also conducts research on drug trends and the effects of drugs on individuals and communities, and provides education and training to law enforcement personnel, healthcare professionals, and the public.

Critics of the DEA argue that the agency's focus on drug enforcement has resulted in the disproportionate incarceration of non-violent drug offenders, particularly from communities of color. Supporters of the agency argue that it is necessary to combat the serious public health and safety risks posed by illegal drug use and trafficking.

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In 1973, President Nixon sets up this "super agency" to handle all aspects of the drug problem. President Richard Nixon declared “an all out global war on the drug menace” and sent Reorganization. The DEA's mission is to enforce federal drug laws and regulations and to investigate and dismantle drug trafficking organizations. The agency is responsible for coordinating drug interdiction efforts with state, local, and foreign law enforcement agencies, as well as for conducting research and providing training and education on drug-related issues.

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1975 Columbian seize leads to "Medellin Massarce" Historic Event

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1975 Columbian seize leads to "Medellin Massarce" Historic Event

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The Medellin Massacre, also known as the La Rochela Massacre, was a brutal attack that occurred on January 18, 1989, in Colombia. The attack was carried out by paramilitary groups, who were supported by members of the Colombian military, against a group of suspected guerilla sympathizers.

The massacre took place in the small town of La Rochela in the Santander department, where a group of peasants had gathered to discuss land reform and social issues. The paramilitary groups attacked the gathering, killing at least 20 people and injuring many others. The victims were shot, stabbed, and beaten to death, and their bodies were left in a mass grave.

The Medellin Massacre was one of the most violent incidents in Colombia's long history of political violence. The attack was widely condemned by human rights organizations and brought international attention to the ongoing conflict in Colombia. The Colombian government later established a truth commission to investigate the massacre and to hold those responsible accountable. However, many of those responsible for the massacre have never been brought to justice, and the incident remains a painful reminder of the country's violent past.

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1976 Jimmy Carter Decriminalizing Marijuana

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1976 Jimmy Carter Decriminalizing Marijuana

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In the 1970s, Jimmy Carter did express some support for decriminalizing marijuana, although it was not a major focus of his presidential campaign. During his campaign for president in 1976, Carter stated that he believed that the country's marijuana laws were overly harsh and that he supported the decriminalization of possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use.

Carter's position on marijuana was somewhat controversial at the time, as many Americans still viewed the drug as a dangerous and illicit substance. However, Carter's views were in line with those of many younger voters and progressive activists who were pushing for more liberal drug policies.

Ultimately, Carter's presidency was marked by a mixed record on drug policy. While he did sign into law the first comprehensive federal anti-drug legislation, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, which created the modern system of drug classification and regulation, he also expressed a willingness to explore more progressive drug policies.

In the end, however, Carter's presidency was largely focused on other issues, such as foreign policy and economic reform, and the push for decriminalization of marijuana did not gain significant traction at the national level until many years later.

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1979 Carlos Lehder, co-founder of the Medellin cartel, purchases a 165-acre island in the Bahamas.

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1979 Carlos Lehder, co-founder of the Medellin cartel, purchases a 165-acre island in the Bahamas.

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In the 1980s, Carlos Lehder, a prominent member of the Medellin cartel, did indeed purchase a 165-acre island in the Bahamas. The island, known as Norman's Cay, was located in the Exuma chain of islands in the Bahamas and was used by Lehder and other members of the cartel as a base of operations for their drug trafficking activities.

Lehder invested heavily in the island, building a luxurious estate, a landing strip, and a network of airstrips and facilities for loading and unloading drugs. From Norman's Cay, Lehder and his associates were able to smuggle large quantities of cocaine into the United States, using small planes to transport the drugs directly from the island to various locations in the U.S.

The operation at Norman's Cay was eventually shut down by the U.S. government in the mid-1980s, as part of a broader crackdown on drug trafficking and money laundering. Lehder was captured by U.S. authorities and later sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Medellin cartel's activities. Norman's Cay was later abandoned and fell into disrepair, although some parts of the island have since been developed for tourism.

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1980 Reform Movements/Political Movement 

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1980 Reform Movements/Political Movement 

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The "War on Drugs" campaign was launched in the early 1980's by President Ronald Reagan and his wife, who declared drug abuse to be a national security threat. When Ronald Reagan took office, Nancy Reagan, began a highly-publicized anti-drug campaign, using the slogan "Just Say No." She also launched the “Just Say No” campaign, which encouraged children to not use drugs or even try experimenting with drugs using drugs by simply saying the word “No.” The movement started in the early 1980s and continued for more than a decade.The 1980's was a significant era in the United States regarding the political movement on drugs. During this period, the nation witnessed a rise in drug abuse that brought up a series of political responses. The government's response to drug abuse was focused on the "War on Drugs" campaign.

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1980s Drug Hysteria and Sky Rocketing Incarceration Rates

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1980s Drug Hysteria and Sky Rocketing Incarceration Rates

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In the early 1980s when Ronald Reagan became President he released that those who are involved with drug consumption/selling should be behind bars. When Reagan released that law during that era about 50,000 people were incarcerated that year and increased by 500,000 more inmates by the year 1997. When Reagan influenced his wife into his campaign the "DARE drug education program" was to help those get off drugs to save lives and to stop influencing others to start. This drug program was quick to stop having certain places stop selling certain drugs over the counter to individuals such as syringes to reduce diseases like HIV/AIDs.

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During the early 1980s, international drug trafficking organizations reorganized and began operating on an unprecedented scale. In 1981 the DEA, in working together with the Department of State, represented by Thomas M. Tracy, Assistant Secretary for Administration, signed an agreement that provided the DEA with telecommunication facilities supporting automated data processing (ADP) in the DEA’s foreign offices. The ADP support safeguarded DEA’s computerized data holdings worldwide. This program formulated the procedures for the protection of DEA sensitive and administratively controlled information promulgated by other federal agencies. Automated support in history also provided for the rapid interchange of wide amounts of information with other federal and state law enforcement agencies.

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The media coverage of the war on drugs in 1984 was very important, as it was a major lead of the Reagan administration. The media portrayed drug use as a major societal problem that needed to be tackled, and the government's efforts to combat it were widely reported. The media coverage focused on the various methods used by the government to combat drug use, including increased law enforcement efforts, tougher penalties for drug offenses, and anti-drug education programs. The media also reported on the rising tide of drug-related violence, particularly in major cities like Los Angeles and New York. Overall, the media coverage of the war on drugs in 1984 was largely supportive of the government's efforts. However, there were also some criticisms of the government's approach, particularly regarding the impact of drug laws on minority communities and concerns about the effectiveness of the government's anti-drug programs.

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In 1985 as drug use was still going around, it was still the number one problem in the United States as a whole. People who were against drug use would protest to try to find justice on how to entirely end it/reduce it. Those who were still addicted to consuming drugs were either high off cocaine or heroin, but cocaine was the popular drug during that era and about 4.2 million Americans who were addicted to cocaine was that many people (4.2 million). Drug dealers were making lots of profit at this time but were harming the environment for families and young individuals by getting influenced to consume it. Cocaine was on a high rise of individuals consuming this drug and led to it being that high till 1986.

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In 1986, Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, which established mandatory minimum prison sentences for certain drug offenses. This law was later criticized as having racist consequences because it issue a longer prison sentences for offenses involving the same amount of crack cocaine (used more often by black Americans) as powder cocaine (used more often by white Americans). Five grams of crack triggered an automatic five-year sentence, while it took 500 grams of powder cocaine to merit the same sentence. People of color were targeted and arrested on suspicion of drug use at higher rates than whites.  Congress and the law engage in scapegoating minorities and see them as enemies because of drug use.

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1988 Drug Policies at State & Federal Levels

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1988 Drug Policies at State & Federal Levels

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In 1988, Ronald Reagan created the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) to organize drug policy across federal agencies. Additionally, the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 imposed mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses and established the creation of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as the primary federal agency responsible for enforcing drug laws. At the state level, many states introduced their own drug policies, often modeled after federal initiative. Some states implemented stricter penalties for drug offenses, such as mandatory minimum sentences, while others focused on prevention and treatment. Despite the intentions behind these policies, many people argued that they had unexpexted consequences that extremely affected communities of color and low-income minorities. Mandatory minimum sentences and other strict penalties led to a serious increase in incarceration rates especially among Black and Hispanic individuals, while doing little to address the root causes of drug addiction.

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As drugs were still on the rise with cocaine and heroin, marijuana was another major problem to the community. Since incarceration was also taken into accountability of those on hardcore drugs, people were also being arrested with being high on marijuana without being prescribed by a doctor. In the early 1990s when marijuana was being publicized to the public, 82% of individuals were being arrested by being caught with pr guilty of having access to this drug. "Only 1 and 18 of these arrests results in a felony conviction".
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16469094/

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1991 Incarceration Rates Due To Drug Abuse

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1991 Incarceration Rates Due To Drug Abuse

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In 1991 Milton Friedman was interviewed by Emmy an award winning drug reporter discussing how incarceration rates are still rising due to individuals consuming drugs. Miltons view on drugs is looking mainly how states are creating more jails/prisons for those being incarcerated for either consuming drugs in their system or selling them to the community. Although these individuals who were caught with drugs being arrested in inner cities that make other citizens afraid to be around where they live was a bit of a relive to those who were innocent to live freely without being accused by the police. "The case for prohibiting drugs is exactly as strong and as weak as the case for prohibiting people from overeating." (https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/milton-friedman-interview-from-1991-on-americas-war-on-drugs/)
Milton sees that the economic point of view on drugs is to protect the drug cartel with getting innocent people involved from buying drugs from them.

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1994 Drug Policies at The State and Federal Levels

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1994 Drug Policies at The State and Federal Levels

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In 1994, the United States Congress passed the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which included provisions for the "War on Drugs" such as increased penalties for drug offenses, expanded law enforcement authority, and increased funding for drug interdiction efforts. This law also established the Office of National Drug Control Policy, which coordinates federal drug control efforts. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, signed by President Bill Clinton, is the largest-ever crime bill in the country's history, providing for 100,000 new police officers and allocating $9.7 billion for prisons and $6.1 billion for prevention programs.

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1996 War On Drugs Policing and Police Brutality

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1996 War On Drugs Policing and Police Brutality

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In 1996 as drugs were being more accessible to the streets to many people addicted to hardcore drugs were easily to access than years before. During this year, policing has failed with maintaining cities free of drugs since many people living in low poverty cities were able to buy these drugs at low cost and since the majority of the poverty cites were big, was hard to determine who was selling these drugs to these people. Houses that were in the projects were getting raided by police enforcement to see if they were the supplier selling these drugs or if younger African American, police would suspect them of being on these drugs/selling them. Since police are empowered to do what they want when it comes to interrogating an individual tend to use so much power by harming an individual so bad by suspecting them as felon for "selling drugs" or "consuming drugs". Policing should be enforced at a proper manner with directing an individual instead of attacking them quickly, especially a person of color.

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While the campaign on the war on drugs was intended to be a fair effort to address the country's drug problem, many have said it as being racially motivated, specifically targeting communities of color.
The war on drugs in the 1990s was characterized by the passage of harsher drug laws, including mandatory minimum sentences, which disproportionately affected black and Latino communities. People argue that the war on drugs was used as a political tool to stigmatize communities of color and to shift the blame for the country's drug problem onto those communities. By framing drug use and drug trafficking as primarily a problem of communities of color, the government was able to deflect attention from other factors contributing to drug use, such as poverty and lack of access to healthcare. The war on drugs led to a significant increase in the number of people incarcerated for drug-related offenses, particularly people of color. According to the Sentencing Project, the number of people incarcerated for drug offenses in the US increased from 50,000 in 1980 to over 400,000 by 1997, with black Americans being incarcerated for drug offenses at a rate six times higher than white Americans. The war on drugs also had lasting effects on communities of color, such as the creation of a criminal record that made it difficult for individuals to find employment and housing, and the dismantling of social safety nets, including drug treatment programs, that were particularly important for communities that had been historically marginalized.

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The year of 1992 marks 10 years when President Reagan announced with enforcing the stop of drug use and incarcerating those who weren't following the protocols to reduce the number of deaths and influencing innocent individuals to get on drugs. With many warnings the government has been releasing to the public that they are against/doing their best to stop the war on drugs has had Americans that see it as a bad thing that the government is doing their part, it's just those being naive and think it's okay to consume it when its harming the environment and loved ones. Drugs in general are a war on all of us regardless if you aren't an addict. During this time police officers were granted the right to stop any suspicious activity they felt against someone to see if they had drugs on tremor detain them to see where this individual got the drugs from. Shop owners were being interrogated to see if they were involved with selling illicit drugs to the community since it was pretty hot and active to actually just buy drugs off the street without getting stopped.

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August 2000 Political Movements Jocelyn Gomez

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August 2000 Political Movements Jocelyn Gomez

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In August 2000, President Clinton used $1.3 Billion dollars in hopes to prevent cocaine production. This money paid for toxins to be sprayed on the plants which could then not be used to make cocaine.

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A Chinese research pharmacist named Hon Lik registered a patent for an electronic cigarette in 2003. He created the e-cigarette after losing his father to lung cancer. Hin is to be the inventor of the Modern electronic cigarette because Herbert A. Gilbert applied to patent smokeless tobacco in 1963. Vape pens were  to be a better alternative to smoking, but vaping proved to be as dangerous as smoking. Today we can see television ads warning parents about vaping since manufacturers seem to target teenagers.

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In 2005, The World Health Organization added methadone and buprenorphine to its list of essential medications to help those with a substance addiction. This movement reached other countries like China, Vientnam and Ukraine.

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2010 Fair Sentencing Act Drug Policy Jocelyn Gomez

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2010 Fair Sentencing Act Drug Policy Jocelyn Gomez

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In 2010, the Fair Sentencing Act (FSA) was passed. This act changed the way crack and cocaine were criminalized. Prior to this act, crack and cocaine were criminalized in a 100:1 ratio. The FSA drastically changed the ratio to 18:1.

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On July 9, 2014, President Obama put into place the National Drug Control Strategy. This strategy was said to be the blueprint for drug policies. This policy focused on research on addiction through science, prevention programs, increased access to treatment and a criminal justice reform.

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2018 Technology Innovation Jocelyn Gomez

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2018 Technology Innovation Jocelyn Gomez

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In 2018, alcohol was available for sale online and through cell phone applications. The sale of alcohol reportedly increased 35% through 2018 and 2019 due to this technological innovation.

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January 1, 2019, Media portrayal Jocelyn Gomez

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January 1, 2019, Media portrayal Jocelyn Gomez

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In 2019, studies showed that social media advertised vaping to teens and young adults at alarming rates. These advertisements depicted vaping as a cool activity and as a safer alternative to smoking tobacco cigarettes.

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In June 2020, amid a global pandemic the media was airing the death of an African American man killed for allegedly using a counterfeit $20. The police officers justified the killing by saying he had drugs in his system and using his drug use and race as a scapegoat. This led to a movement for racial justice known and BLACK LIVES MATTER.

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2020 National Drug Policy                                                                       Jocelyn Gomez     

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2020 National Drug Policy                                                                       Jocelyn Gomez     

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In 2020 the White House announced the National Drug Control Strategy. This strategy was implemented by the president at the time. This policy was created with an intent to stop drugs and drug trafficking in the United States.

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2021 Racial Scapegoating -Fentynal Jocelyn Gomez

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2021 Racial Scapegoating -Fentynal Jocelyn Gomez

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The rise of Fentynal overdose in children and people over 18 years old was on the rise. Although the number of people buying and supplying fentynal were very similar amongst races, the criminalization of people of color were higher.

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August 2022 Technology Innovations Jocelyn Gomez

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August 2022 Technology Innovations Jocelyn Gomez

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In August 2022 the White House announced it was funding grants worth $10.7 million dollars to fund small rural areas in the United States with limited technology. This money would help those who need opioid assistance and need to conference with a doctor via telehealth but do not have the access or technology for it.