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LECTURE: CH 2 LECTURE: PLATE TECTONICS 1/24/23

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LECTURE: CH 2 LECTURE: PLATE TECTONICS 1/24/23

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Reflection
During this lecture, I learned more about plate tectonics and continental drift. Seafloor studies started around World War II and sonar was used to study the ocean floor. Paleomagnetism examines the earth's magnetic field and shows where rocks first formed.

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SCREENSHOT: PADLET EVIDENCE OF ENGAGEMENT  1-10-23

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SCREENSHOT: PADLET EVIDENCE OF ENGAGEMENT  1-10-23

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FINISH THE SENTENCE FRAME_____
I NOTICED THAT________________

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Reflection
I noticed that as many as 2000 new marine and terrestrial species are discovered each year. The benthic environment has more habitats to which organisms can adapt. There are more land species than marine species and the ocean was relatively uniform conditions. The marine environment is more stable than the terrestrial environment, and the marine conditions are more uniform. Ocean temperature is more stable than land for four reasons: higher heat capacity of water, ocean warming reduced by evaporation, solar radiation is able to penetrate into ocean layers, and ocean mixing.

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Reflection
I noticed that waves transmit energy. Ocean particles move up and down, back and forth, and around and around. Progressive waves oscillate uniformly and progress without breaking. Longitudinal waves compress and decompress and transverse waves move side to side. Orbital waves are ocean waves on the surface.

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Reflection
I noticed that subtropical gyres are centered around 30 degrees latitude. Gyres are large circular loops of moving water. There are 5 subtropical gyres, Columbus, Navigator, Turtle, Heyerdahl, and Majid gyre. Surface currents occur within the above pycnocline and affect only 10 percent of ocean water on earth.

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FINISH THE SENTENCE FRAME_____
I NOTICED THAT________________

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Reflection
Today I noticed that the chemical structure of water gives it its unusual properties. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter and water molecules stick to other polar molecules. One thing I found interesting was that water influences the earth's heat budget. I learned that calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 celsius.

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MY FAVORITE EVIDENCE OF ENGAGEMENT          3-22-23

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MY FAVORITE EVIDENCE OF ENGAGEMENT          3-22-23

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INTERNET RESEARCH: DEEP SEA CREATURE: Ribbon Eel 1/25/23       

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INTERNET RESEARCH: DEEP SEA CREATURE: Ribbon Eel 1/25/23       

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-A species of moray eel
-Angry and aggressive
-Carnivorous
-Found in healthy coral reefs and lagoons
-Found in Indo-Pacific Ocean

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INFOGRAPHICS PROJECT PRESENTATION: ECOSYSTEM, ANIMAL, SLOGAN  3-20, 2023

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INFOGRAPHICS PROJECT PRESENTATION: ECOSYSTEM, ANIMAL, SLOGAN  3-20, 2023

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THIN SLIDES: DEEP SEA FAV CREATURE: Ribbon Eel

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THIN SLIDES: DEEP SEA FAV CREATURE: Ribbon Eel

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FINISH THE SENTENCE FRAME_____
I NOTICED THAT________________

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MARINE ECOSYSTEM INFOGRAPHICS SCREENSHOT 

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MARINE ECOSYSTEM INFOGRAPHICS SCREENSHOT 

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LECTURE: CH 2 PLATE BOUNDARY TYPES 1/26/23

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LECTURE: CH 2 PLATE BOUNDARY TYPES 1/26/23

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Reflection
Today I learned more about the three plate boundaries. Oceanic-Continental Convergence is when the ocean plate is subducted. Oceanic-Oceanic COnvergence is when a denser plate is subducted. Continental-Continental Convergence is when there is no subduction. Oceanic Transform Fault is the ocean floor only.

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SMITH-MICHEL'S SCIENCE: 4 CLASS RULES 1-13-23

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SMITH-MICHEL'S SCIENCE: 4 CLASS RULES 1-13-23

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1. Respect Yourself
2. Respect Others
3. Respect the Teacher
4. Respect the Classroom

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THIN SLIDES: EARLY EXPLORATION SCREENSHOT: LEIF ERIKSON 1/20/23

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THIN SLIDES: EARLY EXPLORATION SCREENSHOT: LEIF ERIKSON 1/20/23

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FINISH THE SENTENCE FRAME_____
I NOTICED THAT________________

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CK-12: DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES IN THE OCEANS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT 

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CK-12: DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES IN THE OCEANS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT 

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Reflection
I noticed that plates move apart at a divergent plate. In the oceans, plates move apart at mid-ocean ridges. Lava rises upward, erupts, and cools. Later, more lava erupts and pushes the original seafloor outward. Most mid-ocean ridges are located deep below the sea. The island of Iceland sits right on the mid-atlantic ridge.

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Reflection
Today I learned more about sea floor spreading evidence. To find out the age of the ocean floor, scientists used deep-sea drilling and the symmetric pattern of age distribution for mid-ocean ridges. I also learned that heat flow is high at mid-ocean ridges and very low at subduction zones.

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CK-12 CONTINENTAL DRIFT: FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12 CONTINENTAL DRIFT: FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that Alfred Wegener made the hypothesis that South America and Africa appeared to fit together like puzzle pieces. To support his hypothesis he did research to prove that the continents all were once one big continent. He found fossil evidence and plant evidence. He also found rocks of the same type and age on both sides of the Atlantic ocean.

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CK-12: EARTH'S TECTONIC PLATES MOTION FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: EARTH'S TECTONIC PLATES MOTION FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that plates of the lithosphere sink into the atmosphere. The asthenosphere is solid but can flow and if weight is added to a plate, the plate will sink into the mantle. Over long periods of time, the plates rise again if the weight is taken away. There are a dozen major and several minor plates.

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CK-12: EARTH'S INNER LAYERS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: EARTH'S INNER LAYERS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the earth's core, mantle, and crust are divisions based on composition. The core is mostly iron and metal and the core takes up 31% of the earth. The mantle is dense and hot and takes up 68% of the earth's mass. The crust is less than 1% of earth by mass and the two types of crust are oceanic and continental.

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CK-12: EARTH'S OUTER LAYERS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT 

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CK-12: EARTH'S OUTER LAYERS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT 

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Reflection
I noticed that gases, water, rock, and living organisms that are all found on earth's surface. The hydrosphere may cause some of the lithosphere to wash away because of the materials that are moving on the earth's surface. Some of the different parts of the earth are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and the lithosphere.

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CK-12: EARTH'S ROTATIONS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: EARTH'S ROTATIONS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the axis of rotation is tilted. The earth spins around its axis and the spinning movement is called rotation and the axis is Earth's axis of rotation. The earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours.

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CK-12: EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that a compass needle aligns with earth's magnetic field. The earth has a magnetic field that behaves like a giant bar magnet inside earth. Earth's magnetic field resides in the center of the planet. The planet's magnetic field has flipped in the past.

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CK-12: BATHYMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR SEAFLOOR SPREADING FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: BATHYMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR SEAFLOOR SPREADING FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that mid-ocean ridges are a long chain of mountains that rise up high above the deep seafloor. Rift zones are lower in elevation than the mountains of the mid-ocean ridge. Continental margins are the transition from the land to the deep sea. The continental margin is made of continental crust.

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EVIDENCE OF ENGAGEMENT: QUIZIZZ SCREENSHOT 

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EVIDENCE OF ENGAGEMENT: QUIZIZZ SCREENSHOT 

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VIDEO: TRIP TO THE MARIANA TRENCH 1/27/23

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VIDEO: TRIP TO THE MARIANA TRENCH 1/27/23

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Reflection
After watching this video I learned about some of the sea creatures that live deep down in the ocean like the angler fish and the gigantic squid. I also learned that most of the creatures that roam at the depths of the ocean don't really need to be down there. The challenger deep at the very bottom of the ocean is at 35,853 ft. I wonder why the snail fish is translucent.

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CK-12: OCEAN-CONTINENT CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: OCEAN-CONTINENT CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that at a convergent plate boundary, when one plate is oceanic, there are large volcanoes. A convergent plate boundary forms where two plates collide. That collision can happen between a continent and oceanic crust, between two oceanic plates, or between two continents. Oceanic crust may collide with a continent. The oceanic plate is denser, so it undergoes subduction.

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CK-12: DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that in continental rifting, magma rises beneath the continent, causing it to become thinner, break, and ultimately split apart. The Atlantic Ocean is the final stage, where rifting is now separating two plates of oceanic crust. Many locations in western North America are being rifted apart. One such location is the Rio Grande Rift in Texas. At this location, hot mantle rises up beneath the crust to cause the divergence.

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CK-12: MAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR SEA FLOOR SPREADING FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: MAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR SEA FLOOR SPREADING FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that there is a pattern of magnetism on the sea floor. There are stripes on the ocean floor with different magnetism. Some of the stripes have normal polarity and some have reverse polarity. When the north and south poles are normally aligned it is called normal polarity. When they are in an opposite position its called reserve polarity.

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Reflection
I noticed that there are three main ocean zones based on distance from shore and they are the intertidal zone, neritic zone, and oceanic zone. Water also gets colder as you go deeper and the weight of the water pressing down from above increases as well. Distance from shore also influences how many organisms live in the water.

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CK-12: IMPORTANCE OF THE OCEANS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: IMPORTANCE OF THE OCEANS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that oceans are the major source of water vapor in the atmosphere. Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface and oceans hold 97% of the planet's surface water. Without oceans, there would be much bigger temperature swings all over Earth and temperatures might plunge hundreds of degrees below freezing in the winter.

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CK-12: SEAWATER CHEMISTRY FIGURE 1 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: SEAWATER CHEMISTRY FIGURE 1 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the average seawater is about 3.5% salt. Ocean water is salty because water dissolves minerals out of rocks and the ions enter the water. Seawater has lots of salt in it and this increases its density over fresh water. Water density increases as pressure increases and temperature.

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CK-12: SURFACE CURRENTS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: SURFACE CURRENTS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that like air in the atmosphere, ocean water moves in currents. Surface currents are extremely important because they distribute heat around the planet. Surface currents also have a tremendous influence on climate around the globe. The Coriolis effect causes the ocean currents to turn.

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CK-12: ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that all ecosystems have living things that play the same basic roles. Some living organisms have to be producers and others have to be consumers. There are 2 types of producers. One uses photosynthesis and the other uses chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is the process of breaking down and using the energy in chemical compounds to make food.

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CK-12: TYPES OF MARINE ORGANISMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: TYPES OF MARINE ORGANISMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that plankton are living things that float in the water. There are 2 types of plankton phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton are plant-like and zooplankton are animal-like. Nekton are living things that swim through the water and they may live at any depth, in the photic or aphotic zone.

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CK-12: MARINE FOOD CHAINS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: MARINE FOOD CHAINS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the bacteria that make food from chemicals are also primary producers and these organisms do not do photosynthesis since there is no light at the vents. Phytoplankton forms the base of the food chain and are the most important primary producers in the ocean. Small zooplankton consume phytoplankton and bigger organisms eat the small zooplankton.

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THIN SLIDES: TIDE POOLS FAV CREATURE 2/8/2023

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THIN SLIDES: TIDE POOLS FAV CREATURE 2/8/2023

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CK-12: OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that coral reefs are the rainforests of the oceans. Coral reefs can form on volcanoes in tropical water and since the volcanoes are cones, the reef includes a circle around the volcano. Hydrothermal vents are located at mid-ocean ridges where water is boiling and chemosynthesis is the food source for these ecosystems. Chemosynthesis is the procedure of decomposing and using the energy in chemical compounds to make food.

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CK-12: INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY PHYLUM CHART SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY PHYLUM CHART SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that animals are often identified as being either invertebrates or vertebrates and they come in many shapes and sizes, live practically anywhere and provide many services that are vital for the survival of other organisms, including humans. All vertebrate organisms are in the phylum chordata. Invertebrates, which make up about 95% of the animal kingdom, are divided into over 30 different phyla.

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Reflection
I noticed that there are many salinity variations. One of them is hypersaline which is for high evaporation conditions. Salinity also may vary with seasons for example, rain. One thing I learned was adding freshwater to ocean affects salinity.

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Reflection
I noticed that most ocean waves are caused by winds and a wave is the transfer of energy through matter. The highest point of a wave is called a crest and the lowest point is called a trough. As waves move into shallow water, they start to touch the bottom and the base of the waves drags and slows. It is not the water that travels in a wave, it's the energy that is transferred from where the wave form.

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Reflection
I noticed that tides are daily changes in the level of ocean water. There are two high tides and two low tides approximately every 24 hours. The main cause of tides is the pull of the Moon’s gravity on Earth. The gravity pull of the sun is lesser because it is far away from the earth.

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Reflection
I noticed that earth is a sphere and it can be divided. One half of a sphere is called a hemisphere. The earth is divided into separate hemispheres, north, south, east, and west. The equator is the line that falls at 0 degrees.

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CK-12: EARTH'S INTERIOR FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: EARTH'S INTERIOR FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the properties of seismic waves allowed scientists to understand the composition of earth's interior. Scientists also study meteorites to learn more about the earth's interior. Meteorites are thought to be very similar to the earth's core and some are made of iron and nickel. Earth's overall density is higher than the density of crustal rocks.

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CK-12: OCEAN CURRENTS AND CLIMATE FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: OCEAN CURRENTS AND CLIMATE FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the Gulf Stream carries warm water from near the Equator up the eastern coast of North America. Large ocean currents can have a big impact on climate, especially of nearby coasts. The Equator and the poles have very different climates today. Cooler currents that move from the polar regions to the Equator also alter climate.

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CK-12: IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the atmosphere is a big part of the water cycle. Without the atmosphere, there would be no clouds or rain. Weathering is the slow wearing down of rocks on Earth’s surface. Wind-blown sand scours rocks like sandpaper. Without the atmosphere the world would be very quiet and because of the atmosphere we can hear many sounds around us.

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CK-12: COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that air is actually made of molecules of many different gases and it also contains tiny particles of solid matter. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air and varies from place to place. Human activities may increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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LECTURE: AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS CH 6 2/16/23

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LECTURE: AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS CH 6 2/16/23

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Reflection
I noticed that winds drive ocean currents. The earth's orbit is slightly elliptical and is not the cause of seasons. Albedo is the surface's reflectivity and the earth's average is 30%. High latitudes for oceanic heat flow mean more heat lost than gained. The troposphere is the lowest layers of the atmosphere where all of the weather occurs,

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Reflection
I noticed that water on the pH scale is considered to be neutral and basic. Lemon is acidic and soap is basic.

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CK-12: TEMPERATURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: TEMPERATURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that gas molecules move more at higher temperatures and they can take up as much space as is available. The atmosphere has layers which correspond with how temperature changes with altitude. Convection is the movement of material due to changes in temperature.

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KELP FOREST INTERNET RESEARCH  GIANT KELP FISH 2-17-23

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KELP FOREST INTERNET RESEARCH  GIANT KELP FISH 2-17-23

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1. Picture
2. Scientific name - Heterostichus rostratus
3. Kelp forest location - Baja California, Mexico to British Columbia, and Canada.
4. Fun fact - The giant kelpfish can quickly change color during courtship or territorial displays.
5. Website - https://www.cabrillomarineaquarium.org/exhibits/socal-species-details.asp?id=51

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CK-12: HEAT TRANSFER IN THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: HEAT TRANSFER IN THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that heat energy is transferred in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection. Convection currents are the main way that heat moves through the atmosphere and is the most important way that heat travels in the atmosphere.  After sunlight heats the planet's surface, some heat radiates back into the atmosphere.

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CK-12: SOLAR ENERGY ON EARTH FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: SOLAR ENERGY ON EARTH FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that radio waves have the longest wavelengths and they also have the least amount of energy. Solar energy travels in tiny packets that move in waves and the waves have different wavelengths. Almost all energy at Earth's surface comes from the Sun and the Sun’s energy warms the planet and the air around that surrounds it.

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Reflection
I noticed that seaweed and kelp are examples of multicellular plant-like protists. Plant-like protists are vital to the ecosystem and they are the base of the marine food chain. Sometimes algae grows in large amounts because of the excess nutrients in polluted water.

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CK-12: IMPORTANCE OF PROTIST FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: IMPORTANCE OF PROTIST FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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I noticed that all protists make up a huge part of the food chain. Humans use protists in medicines used to treat high blood pressure and arthritis. Protists are also used in scientific research. For example, slime molds are used to study chemical signals in cells. Many animals in the ecosystem also have protists apart of their diet .

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LECTURE: CH 6 CORIOLIS EFFECT SCREENSHOT 2-28-23

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LECTURE: CH 6 CORIOLIS EFFECT SCREENSHOT 2-28-23

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Reflection
I noticed that storms typically develop at a front. There are about 100 hurricanes worldwide per year. Hurricanes develop by rising air and low pressure deepening. Typhoons are an alternate name for hurricanes in the north pacific and cyclones are an alternate name used in the Indian ocean. Air masses are big volumes of air with distinct properties.

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THIN SLIDES: KELP FOREST CREATURE 2-28-23

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THIN SLIDES: KELP FOREST CREATURE 2-28-23

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Reflection
I noticed that tunicates, fish, and humans are chordates. Chordates are a group of animals that includes vertebrates, as well as several closely related invertebrates. All chordates have four main traits, the post-dorsal tail, dorsal nerve cord, notochord, and pharyngeal slits.

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Reflection
I noticed that larger hurricanes can be 800 km. Spiral rain bands with intense rainfall and thunderstorms and the eye of the hurricane has a low pressure center. Storm surge is an increase in shoreline sea levels. There are 17 names storms and the majority of the damage were caused by 3 hurricanes, Harvey, Irma, and Maria.

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CK-12: VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the primary feature shared by all vertebrates is the vertebral column, or backbone. Some vertebrate traits include the cranium, internal skeleton, and a defined head region with a brain. One primary feature is the backbone which protects the spinal cord.

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Reflection
I noticed that fish are aquatic vertebrates, meaning they have backbones. Some characteristics of fish are them being ectothermic, their scales, their fins, and their streamlined body. There are 3 classes of fish which are class agatha, class chondrichthyes, and class class osteichthyes. Their gills take dissolved oxygen from water as the water flows over the surface of the gill.

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CK-12: CARTILAGINOUS FISH FIGURE 1 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: CARTILAGINOUS FISH FIGURE 1 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the cartilaginous fish are subdivided into 2 classes. Sharks, skates and rays are in one class, and chimaera. Some characteristics of cartilaginous fish are paired fins, paired nostrils, scales, two chambered hearts, and skeletons made of cartilage. The sharks teeth are shaped differently based on what they eat. For example, sharks that feed on larger prey have serrated edges on their teeth for cutting.

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Reflection
I noticed that turtles have many characteristics. Turtles cannot breathe in the water, but can hold their breath for long periods of time and must surface at regular intervals to get more air. The placement of the turtle's eyes shows what habitat they live in. They have good night vision due to the large number of cells that sense light in their eyes. Turtles can be both herbivores and carnivores.

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OPEN OCEAN: BULL SHARK INTERNET RESEARCH: 3-3-23

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OPEN OCEAN: BULL SHARK INTERNET RESEARCH: 3-3-23

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1. Picture
2. Scientific name - Carcharhinus leucas
3. IUCN Status - Vulnerable (VU)
4. Oceans traveled - Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
5. Migration pattern - Massachusetts to the Gulf of Mexico and from Southern California to the Gulf of California
6. Fun fact - Bull sharks are the only shark that inhabits freshwater.
7. Websites - https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/entry/bull-shark#:~:text=Runs%20along%20the%20Atlantic%20and,north%20as%20the%20Patuxent%20River.
-https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/facts/bull-shark#:~:text=Fast%2C%20agile%20predators%2C%20they%20will,inadvertently%20or%20out%20of%20curiosity.

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Reflection
I noticed that the mid-ocean ridge is formed from lava that cools and accumulates. When continental rifting happens, magma rises under the continent resulting in the breaking of continental crust. Divergent plate boundary is rifting Baja California from mainland Mexico.

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CK-12: AQUATIC BIOMES FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: AQUATIC BIOMES FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that aquatic biomes in the ocean are called marine biomes. Marine biomes include the oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries and the oceans are the largest of all the ecosystems. Corals are the dominant organism in coral reefs. Freshwater biomes have low salt concentration and terrestrial biomes are defined by their climate.

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PLIX: MAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR SEAFLOOR SPREADING SCREENSHOT

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PLIX: MAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR SEAFLOOR SPREADING SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the minerals orient themselves in the direction of earth's magnetic field when they form from surfacing magma, and stay in place when they cool. Different magnetic time periods are known as chrons. The seafloor contains many minerals with magnetic properties that act like small compasses.

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CK-12: CIRCULATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: CIRCULATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that wind is one of the most obviously dynamic features of our dynamic planet. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. The air moves differently based on heat and the differences make convection currents and winds. The wind blows stronger the greater the pressure and air always flows from an area with higher pressure to an area with lower pressure.

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Reflection
I noticed that cyclones can be the most intense storms on Earth and cyclone is a system of winds that rotate around a low pressure center. In the mid-atlantic and New England states, mid-latitude cyclones are very fierce. Mid-latitude cyclones form in winter in the mid-latitudes and the storms can reach 1,000 to 2,500 km in diameter. Warm and cold fronts form next to each other and mid-latitude cyclones form at the polar front.

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THIN SLIDES: OPEN OCEAN CREATURE: BULL SHARK 3-8-23

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THIN SLIDES: OPEN OCEAN CREATURE: BULL SHARK 3-8-23

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Reflection
I noticed that the gulf stream is the best studied of ocean currents. Hurricanes intensify when passing over warm cores. La Nina is the smaller version of El Nino and both include trade winds and high pressure. Air pressure across the equatorial Pacific is higher in the eastern Pacific. Upwelling is the vertical movement of cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface and downwelling is the vertical movement of surface water downward in the water column.

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CK-12: CORIOLIS EFFECT FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: CORIOLIS EFFECT FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the Coriolis effect describes how Earth’s rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents. The Coriolis effect makes the way of a freely moving object appear to curve. The curve is right in the Northern Hemisphere and it's left in the Southern Hemisphere. The earth spins underneath the wind and ocean currents. The direction of the surface currents are bent because of the Coriolis effect in the Northern Hemisphere.

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CK-12: EARTH'S ROTATIONS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: EARTH'S ROTATIONS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that the earth's axis of rotation is tilted and the axis is not perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. From almost all points on earth, the sun looks like it moves across the sky from east to west each day.  The point at the top is the North Pole and the point at the bottom is the South Pole. Magnetic poles are different from geographic poles and they are both in different places on the planet.

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Reflection
I noticed that land and sea breezes blow because of daily differences in heating. A monsoon is hot land that draws cool air off a nearby sea creating large winds and often rain and they occur because of seasonal changes in the temperature of land and water. In the winter, they blow from land to water. In the summer, they blow from water to land. There are many types of winds: land and sea breezes, local winds, monsoons, valley breezes, katabatic winds, chinook winds, Santa Ana winds, and desert winds.

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CK-12: GLOBAL WIND BELTS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: GLOBAL WIND BELTS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that global winds are winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet and they are caused by unequal heating of the atmosphere like local winds. By the time the moving air reaches 30°N or °S latitude, it has somewhat cooled down and the cool air sinks to the surface. Then it flows over the surface back to the equator. The Coriolis effect makes the global winds blow northeast to southwest or the reverse in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Sperm whales use their sonar to look for food in the deep, communicate by using clicks and pulses, and they travel about half a million km in their lifetime. The Sperm whale encounters underwater cables, military ships, and oil rigs in the ocean. The sperm whale travels in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific oceans and they eat, squid, sharks, and fish. Sperm whales can collapse their rib cage and their lungs, and they can allow their heart rate to decrease. The death of the sperm whale was ultimately caused by military exercises.

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Reflection
I noticed that there are three domains of life: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Bacteria are simple life forms, archaea are microscopic creatures, and eukarya are multicellular organisms. There are six kingdoms of living organisms: archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia. Taxonomy is the systematic classification of organisms and tells you physical characteristics and genetic information. Most biomass on earth consists of plankton and there are different types of plankton. One example of plankton is phytoplankton, which photosynthesizes.

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I noticed that there are about 27,000 species of bony fish which are divided into two classes: ray-finned and lobe-finned. A majority of fish are ray-finned and their thin fins contain webs of skin over flexible spines. Lobe-finned fish have fins that look like appendages. Bony fish have characteristics like a swim bladder and the ability to see in color. The coelacanth and the lungfish are the only two types of lobe-finned fish.

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CK-12: BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that an ecosystem is a group of living things and their environment. Abiotic factors are nonliving aspects of the environment such as sunlight and water and they include air, sunlight, soil, water, and minerals. Biotic factors are the species of living things that reside together and they are the living parts of ecosystems. Many types of species live together in an ecosystem and their populations make up a community. A niche is what an organism does for a living and a habitat is where the organism lives.

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LECTURE: MARINE LIFE: SALINITY ADAPTATIONS 3-14-23 

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LECTURE: MARINE LIFE: SALINITY ADAPTATIONS 3-14-23 

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Reflection
I noticed that some marine organisms are nearly transparent. Water molecules move from less concentrated to more concentrated solutions. Animals extract dissolved oxygen from seawater through gills. Low marine oxygen levels can kill fish and gill structure and location varies among animals. Marine animals have the ability to camouflage and also have the countershade. Daily movement protects some species from predators and predators can be daytime, crepuscular, or night feeders.

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CK-12: FLOW OF ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: FLOW OF ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that all living things need energy and they need it to power the processes of life. Earth's ecosystems are supported by the sun and chemical energy is created by plants from abiotic factors that include solar energy. Consumers get energy from eating the producers, and the producers convert sunlight into chemical energy or food.

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CK-12: FOOD CHAIN PRACTICE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: FOOD CHAIN PRACTICE FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that food chains show the eating patterns in an ecosystem and food energy flows from one organism to another. Food chains only have 4 or 5 levels so a chain only has 3 or 4 levels of energy transfer. Producers are always at the start of the food chain and they bring energy into the ecosystem. Next are herbivores and carnivores. A food chain will have specific species of fish and does not have the general category of "fish". A food web demonstrates the feeding relationships between many organisms in an ecosystem.

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LECTURE: MARINE LIFE: PELAGIC ENVIRONMENT 3-15-23

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LECTURE: MARINE LIFE: PELAGIC ENVIRONMENT 3-15-23

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Reflection
I noticed that the pelagic environment is divided into biozones. The neritic province is from shore to seaward and all water is under 200 meters deep. The oceanic provinces' depth is increased beyond 200 meters. The epilagic zone is the only zone to support photosyntheis and dissolved oxygen decreases around 200 meters. Bioluminescence is common in the mesopelagic, which is the ability to biologically produce light.

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CK-12: MARINE PRACTICE FIGURE 5 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: MARINE PRACTICE FIGURE 5 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that oceanic biomes occur in the open ocean beyond the continental shelf. The epipelagic zone is the top 200 meters of water, the mesopelagic zone is between 200 and 1,000 meters below sea level, the bathypelagic zone is between 1,000 and 4,000 meters below sea level, and the abyssopelagic zone is between 4,000 and 6,000 meters below sea level. Benthic biomes occur on the bottom of the ocean where benthos live and some benthos, including sponges, are sessile, unable to move, and live attached to the ocean floor.

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CK-12: FLOW OF MATTER IN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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CK-12: FLOW OF MATTER IN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 2 SCREENSHOT

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Reflection
I noticed that living things need nonliving matter as well as energy. Matter is recycled in ecosystems unlike energy and there is a process. Decomposers release nutrients when they break down dead organisms, plants take up the nutrients through their roots, the nutrients pass on to primary consumers when they eat the plants, the nutrients pass to higher-level consumers when they eat lower-level consumers, and when living things die the cycle repeats.

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LECTURE: MARINE LIFE: FISH FEATURES 3-16-23

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LECTURE: MARINE LIFE: FISH FEATURES 3-16-23

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Reflection
I noticed that there are different types of floating zooplankton: Radiolarians, Foraminifers, copepods, and krill. the microscopic zooplankton has tests or shells and are highly abundant in the ocean. Fish swim by using different types of motion: Thunniform, Amiiform, Labriform, and Ostriciform. Lungers and cruisers have different adaptations for finding prey. Cruisers actively seek prey have have mostly red muscle tissue and lungers wait for prey and pounce and have mainly white muscle tissue.

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CK-12: NITROGEN CYCLE IN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT 

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CK-12: NITROGEN CYCLE IN ECOSYSTEMS FIGURE 3 SCREENSHOT 

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Reflection
I noticed that nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients needed by plants.  Nitrogen must combine with other elements before producers can use it and this happens to certain bacteria in the soil. Algae uses up carbon dioxide in the water. After the algae die, decomposers break down the dead tissue and the decomposers use up all the oxygen in the water. After this process, a dead zone is created which is an area in a body of water where nothing grows because of a lack of oxygen.

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Reflection
I noticed that Most fish are cold-blooded and some are warm-blooded. The term for cold-blooded fish is poikilothermic and the term for warm-blooded fish is homeothermic. In the deep, fish mainly eat detritus or eat each other. The fish have big sensitive eyes, large sharp teeth, expandable bodies, hinged jaws, and counterillumination. To avoid predation fish use schooling and symbiosis. Schooling makes it seem like the fish are a bigger unit and symbiosis is when two or more organisms benefit from associating with each other.

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: TITLE PAGE, ETC. 3-20-23

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: TITLE PAGE, ETC. 3-20-23

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: EARLY EXPLORERS: LEIF ERICKSON SCREENSHOT 3-19-23

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: EARLY EXPLORERS: LEIF ERICKSON SCREENSHOT 3-19-23

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: TIDE POOLS: HOPKIN'S ROSE 

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: TIDE POOLS: HOPKIN'S ROSE 

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: KELP FOREST: GIANT KELPFISH

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DIGITAL E-BOOK: KELP FOREST: GIANT KELPFISH

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SCIENCE NOTEBOOK: TABLE OF CONTENTS SCREENSHOT 3-22-23

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SCIENCE NOTEBOOK: TABLE OF CONTENTS SCREENSHOT 3-22-23