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Elimination of Bilingual Education (Bosen)

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Elimination of Bilingual Education (Bosen)

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The trend of eradication of non-English languages took over throughout the nation. Students who do not speak English are forced to receive ESL courses. Frequent IQ testing in English results in a considerably many non-English spoken children in English educated classes for the educationally handicapped.

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Meyer v Nebraska, Supreme Court Decision, 1923 (Bosen)

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Meyer v Nebraska, Supreme Court Decision, 1923 (Bosen)

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In 1924, the Supreme Court overturned the law Nebraska of English-only education at in-state private schools, since this law was unconstitutional under the 14th amendment (no deprivation of individual life, liberty, or property etc.)

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New Mexico Accepting Spanish Descent in American Public School 1912 (Caleb Seo)

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New Mexico Accepting Spanish Descent in American Public School 1912 (Caleb Seo)

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In 1912, New Mexico first became a state in America and gave children of Spanish descent a right of admission and attendance in public schools. Before this, children of Spanish descent were getting shorter school years, being provided less funding, and facing disallowance of using Spanish in school (Olsen, 3). This event demonstrates a good example of giving opportunities to people of Spanish descent to assimilate in American society, getting equal education opportunities, which helps them to improve their English.

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Dr. George I Sanchez (1906-1972), a Mexican American who advocated for education and civil rights. He wrote essays against an prejudicial idea that Mexican American children were of low IQ which prevailed in 1920s. Starting from the 1940s, he became the president of United Latin American Citizens and launched civil rights movements for equal education opportunities for Chicaco Americans and against English proficiency based standard tests.

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In 1947, this court case, Mendez v. Westminster acted as an argument for bilingual education since it prioritized assimilation. The United States was using unconstitutional discrimination forcing Mexican students to attend ‘schools for Mexicans.’ They aimed to assimilate Mexican American students into a separate educational system. This court case emphasized the importance of equal education and began the starting point of removing a system of maintaining separate schools based on ethnicity. It was the turning point of going against segregation, pushing for inclusivity of education for bilingual education during that time. (Olsen, TimelineForCABE)

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During World War I, the German language was banned because of their hostility toward the world. This then shows how World War I significantly affected the world, and the importance of language at the same time.

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During the early to mid 1900s, a lot of discriminations toward foreigners took place in many regions in America. Due to this, there were many events where foreign groups fought for preserving their native languages and getting equal educational rights in America. Although there were still ongoing discrimination issues, efforts of old groups that fought for equal educational opportunities shaped the society where now many foreigners live in a more equal society compared to before.

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From 1901 to 1950, there were a lot of language related activities, such as court decisions and eliminating bilingual education. During this time period, as multiple political issues and World War I occurred, language or legal restrictions followed along. It was impressive that language can occur legal and political issues while the significance of bilingualism is currently highlighted.

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In the early 20th century, the immigration trend prevailed in the US which resulted in a remarkable proportion of foreign population and thus raised a fear of a surge of communicative issues and loss of dominance of the English language. Roughly around 1905 to 1925, bilingual education was banned in some states and non-English native speakers were forced to receive full English education and be assessed in English in academia. A bias toward children who are incompetent in English appeared due to frequent IQ assessments in English only. Besides the immigration issue which incited fear of foreign language, World War I also catalyzed public voice against the German language. Around the 1930s, social justice movements on language equality and advocacy of bilingual education took place in the US against previous unfair treatments to non-English native speakers. The Supreme Court also outlawed some English supremacist and anti-multilingual education regulations later on.

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Based on the events that took place between 1901 and 1950, shaped bilingualism to an extent that took a turn for the better leading into the present day. We had issues of segregation and two world wars that created threats among different nations that opposed one another. Through these horrible events, people took the time to evaluate themselves and look at the bigger picture of how these unjust acts against other ethnicities were unconstitutional. It is interesting to see how this issue of bilingualism in the early 20th century unraveled into different solutions.

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John Collier (1884-1968), an American social reformer and Native Indian Advocator. He promoted bilingual education by taking over the bureau of Indian Affairs. He emphasized Indian language and cultural education and managed to produce textbooks in Native Indian languages around 1933-1945. (recover native Indian language during national eradication of bilingual education in 1930s)

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League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) 1929 (Caleb Seo)

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League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) 1929 (Caleb Seo)

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In 1923, League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) was established by Mexican Americans in Texas for the first time as a national ethnic civil right organization for Latinos in America. One of its purposes was to end the segregation of Latino children in American schools (Olsen, 3). Through this event, Latino students had a chance for their cultural background and language to be accepted and respected by American schools and develop their English ability in an equal education opportunity.

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While the immigration trend prevailed in the US in the early 20th century, the society was of great quantity of foreigners who speak varies non-English languages. The fear of De-Americanization and lose of English dominance rose. Act 1906 was hence published and was an Americanization Act that required immigrants to the US to speak English. And English became the common language in compulsory schooling.

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From the United States entering World War I, there have been arguments for going against bilingual education at this time, especially against German speakers since they were apart of oppossing German nation. This raised the notion against linguistic diversity making schools teach only in English to pose that they would follow the dominant culture in the country. It was to ensure that they would adapt to the American society and facilitate cohesion and unity. (Baker & Wright Ch. 9 p. 5)