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French Help Americans Win Their War 1778

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French Help Americans Win Their War 1778

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The French monarchy (King Louis XVI) decreed to help the Americans win their war between their long time rival, Great Britain. The French people are more than willing to help out as to let the good ol' Americans inspire their own revolution as the state of France was TERRIBLE. A famine had wiped out all of their crops so the poor peasants were starved and the King was raising taxes to pay for the war support even though the French was getting NOTHING out of helping the Americans (financially).

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The Ancien Regime consists of 3 “estates” (social classes):

1st estate (clergy)

2nd estate (nobility)

3rd estate (everyone else)

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Members of the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly. Since it was not legal this was often considered the first step in the french revolution. King Louis XVI locked the national assembly members out on June 20th during a meeting of the 3rd estate.

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The Three Estates in Pre-Revolutionary France

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The Three Estates in Pre-Revolutionary France

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After getting locked out, the National Assembly feared the worst and meet in an indoor tennis court in Versailles and came up with the Tennis Court Oath. This oath stated that they would persevere to get a constitution that would give them equal rights.

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Storming of the Bastille - July 14, 1789

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Storming of the Bastille - July 14, 1789

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Louis XVI sends troops to Paris to counter the public distress caused by the food shortage and to pressure them to pay taxes. This upset the National Assembly and they revolted by storming Bastille. They freed the prisoners and stole weapons to help them protect themselves and to fight back.

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Different Groups of the French Revolution

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Different Groups of the French Revolution

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen - August 26, 1789

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen - August 26, 1789

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The National Assembly starts to draft a constitution that wouldn't be ratified until 1791. On August 4, 1789, the National Assembly abolishes the Ancien Regime which was also know as the 3 estate system. On August 26, 1789, the Declaration Of the Rights Of Man and the Citizen states everyone has the right to property, liberty, and security. This article was largely based off of the Declaration of Independence and other enlightenment ideas.

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The slogan for the french revolution. Liberty, equality and fraternity.

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Women’s March on Versailles - October 5, 1789

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Women’s March on Versailles - October 5, 1789

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Rumors of the Queen hoarding grain in Versailles spread around France. Armed women from the 3rd estate marched to Versailles and demanded that the king and the queen had to leave the Palace of Versailles and move to Paris to the Palace of Tuileries.

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Most radical group of revolutionaries. They believed France should abolish the monarchy and form a republican.

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King and Queen basically became prisoners of Palace of Tuileries in Paris. 2nd estate (the Nobles) start to emigrate because they are afraid of the sudden and violent changes/

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Main way of execution in the Reign of Terror. Was also known as the Engine of Terror.

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Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette dressed as servants and tried to escape to one of their general’s estates outside of Paris. They were caught in only a couple of hours.

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Massacre of Champ de Mars - July 17, 1791

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Massacre of Champ de Mars - July 17, 1791

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Large numbers of Jacobins started to gather in a large green area in Paris called the Champ de Mars. The voiced that the national assembly that was not radical enough and they argued that the King had abdicated the throne. Troops of of people in the National Assembly were sent to crowd control but things got out of hand and they wound up killing 50 jacobins.

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Austria’s King Leopold II (a son of Empress Maria Theresa and brother of Marie Antoinette) and Prussia’s King Frederick William II released the Declaration of Pillnitz. It basically said that they planned to help the French government restore the monarchy to its former power. The National Assembly declared Louis XVI an enemy of the revolution when he encouraged Prussia to invade.

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Parisians Stormed Tuileries - August 10, 1792

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Parisians Stormed Tuileries - August 10, 1792

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A large crowd of Parisians stormed the royal palace of the Tuileries and slaughtered the king’s guards. The royal family fled to the Legislative Assembly , escaping before the mob arrived.

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Parisian citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political offenses. Around 1,200 prisoners were killed; among them were many ordinary criminals.

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National Convention Established - September 1792

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National Convention Established - September 1792

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The National Convention was much more violent and radical then previous assemblies. It voted to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic – the French Republic .

Deputies then drew up a new constitution for France. The Jacobins , who controlled the National

Convention, set out to erase all traces of the old order (aka Ancien Regime ). They seized lands of nobles

and abolished titles of nobility. During the early months of the Republic, the Convention also put Louis XVI

on trial as a traitor to France. The king was convicted by a single vote and sentenced to death.

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Execution of the King - January 21, 1793 

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Execution of the King - January 21, 1793 

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The legislative assembly voted to suspend the monarchy. They put the king on trial and by one vote reached the verdict that he was guilty of treason. They beheaded him with a Guillotine and shortly after Marie Antoinette was also beheaded. The death of Louis XVI marks the beginning of the Reign of Terror…

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Robespierre / Reign of Terror - September 1793 to July 1794

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Robespierre / Reign of Terror - September 1793 to July 1794

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Revolutionary courts had quick and non-thorough trials. Spectators chanted things like “Hail the Republic!” and “Death to the traitors!” The accused were people who stood against the revolution. About 300,000 were arrested during the Reign of Terror. 17 to 40 thousand were executed / murdered. Many were victims of mistaken identity or were falsely accused by their neighbors or others.

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The National Assembly made small changes to the day to day life of French people to separate them from the Christian church. Churches were pillaged, street names were changed, the calendar was remade so the day of rest (Sunday) no longer existed. This new calendar started on the day the French revolution started, September 22nd. Other changes such as 10 months a year instead of 12 months, and each month had exactly 30 days. Months were renamed and the day to rest was now every 10 days, instead of 7.

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The National Committee implements this new 12 person committee to protect France from its enemies. Little did the poor people of France know that this committee would start the Reign of Terror, beheading internal enemies (traitors) who did not approve of this National Committee. Robespierre is the leader of this 12 person "Public Safety" committee and exerts his power to become essentially a dictator at this time. Traitors were anyone who challenged Robespierre and many of the people executed were from the 3rd Estate, whose equality was fought for in the Revolution (ironic?)

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People were tired of the terror and lost interest in the constant executions

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This government provided some peace for France as the legislative branch included a bicameral legislature, and the Directory was comprised of five men.

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Execution of Robespierre - July 28, 1794

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Execution of Robespierre - July 28, 1794

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He was pinned as the main cause of the reign of terror and also met the end of his life via guillotine.

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Napoleon Bonaparte who was a officer in the French army, defended the National Convention against Royalist rebel marches. Napoleon and his men scared the rebels off with a cannonade (heavy gunfire). This made the young officer a hero in the eyes of Parisians. He went on to lead armies as a general.

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Napoleon pressured into assuming power of France by his friends because he was that popular. His troops surrounded the Directory and drove out or forced the members to end the Directory. Napoleon's new government was called the Three Consuls, with Napoleon in lead as First Consul and two of his friends as the other consuls (consul = dictator)

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Napoleon ditches the Revolution idea to 'reform' France but to get France back at the global stage of glory. He sells the Louisiana Territory to America for money.

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Britain, Russia and Australia team up to try and take this new powerful French leader down. This results in a war, and Napoleon gets them to sign a peace treaty. France also fights Spain, Portugal, Prussia, and Sweden at different times throughout this. In 1812, Napoleon leads his men into Russia.... where he loses 300-500,000 men to cold terrain & Russian resilience. This is his greatest error in his regime. In 1814, Napoleon gives up his throne and is exiled from France....................................................ONLY TO MAKE THE COMEBACK IN THE NEXT YEAR anddddddddd lose his throne again and get exiled again after getting another army.