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This site has information on most of the things 

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https://nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/southwest/apache/

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Why do Apache kids hunt for blue stones? What is a Wickiup? Who were the Devil Dancers? Learn how to play Apache toe and toss games. Read an Apache myths.

Welcome to the Southwest Apache Indians in Olden Times.

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Southwest Apache in Olden Times - Native Americans in Olden Times for Kids

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Why do Apache kids hunt for blue stones? What is a Wickiup? Who were the Devil Dancers? Learn how to play Apache toe and toss games. Read an Apache myths. Welcome to the Southwest Apache Indians in Olden Times.

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Devil Dancers: Devil Dancers were not deities or gods. They were more like men with special abilities. One of those abilities was to be invisible. Devil Dancers would show up after a dance had started. No one could see them, since they were invisible. But, they were responsible for a lot of racket.

To honor the Devil Dancers, some Apache men dressed up like Devil Dancers. Their costumes had bells sewn on the elbows and sleeves and leggings.

They would hide behind bushes or trees. When the dance started, they would come running out from wherever they had been hiding. They would yell and scream and shake their elbows and stomp to the beat of the drums. The bells on their costumes added to the noise.

One was always dressed like a clown, much to the delight of the children. The clown would do all kinds of clownish things like fall over or chase a youngster. Everyone would laugh.

Because dances went on for days, new Devil Dancers might take the place of the old ones, to give them a rest. It was a lot fun. People loved all the Devil Dancers - the invisible ones, and the costumed Apache men.

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Southwest Apache Devil Dancers in Olden Times - Native Americans in Olden Times for Kids

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Devil Dancers: Devil Dancers were not deities or gods. They were more like men with special abilities. One of those abilities was to be invisible. Devil Dancers would show up after a dance had started. No one could see them, since they were invisible. But, they were responsible for a lot of racket.

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Katherine Taylor Dodge photographed Native Americans and other subjects in Arizona in the late 1890s. The devil or crown dance, performed primarily by Mescalero and Chiricahua Apache in the Southwest, is a very old and sacred dance that the Apaches believe was taught by the mountain spirits as a means of healing. The four Crown dancers are masked and wear distinctive headdresses. They represent the four cardinal directions-north, south, east, and west. The fifth dancer is the clown who protects the others by driving away evil spirits.

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KATHERINE TAYLOR DODGE. Apache Devil Dancers. Southwestern United States, ca. 1899 | Social, Political, & Religious Life | Explore | Not an Ostrich: & Other Images from America's Library | Exhibitions at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress

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Organized by the Annenberg Space for Photography in Los Angeles and drawn from the photography collections of the Library of Congress, presents a taste of this institution's spectacular holdings of more than 14 million photographs. The images reproduced for this exhibition, made between 1839 and today, trace the evolution of photography, from daguerreotypes and other early processes to contemporary digital technology.

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Recorded by David P. McAllester, Wesleyan University, Donald N. Brown, The Taylor Museum. Edited by Donald N. Brown

The art of gathering sounds into music is one of the oldest and most widespread arts known to man. Although music is often referred to as "the universal language," like any language it has many dialects. These dialects have developed through ages of both isolation and interaction. Some of them are more easily understood and more pleasing to a listener than others. The validity of a musical dialect does not depend upon its comprehension by a listener from an outside culture, but rather on its meaningfulness to those who "speak" the dialect. This recording presents three American Indian musical dialects from the Southwestern United States. All of the songs presented were collected in the last decade.

Music is an integral part of the Pueblo Indian's way of life. In his earliest years, lullabies are sung to him by his mother. As a child he learns the songs that accompany the games he plays. Social dance songs, gambling songs, and corn grinding songs become important for the youth. Important at all times and for all ages are the songs of the rituals - the raining ceremonials, the curing rites, the ceremonials for increase. "How can they be Indians if they don't sing songs? All Indians must have songs."

For Apache one important function of music is healing. Music does not just put the patient in the "proper frame of mind" to be healed. The music actually contains the power necessary to heal. Since music contains such power, it is always dangerous to misuse music. "For the Western Apaches I witnessed the results of a broken tabu. A medicine man sang very special songs for my recording in conditions of some secrecy and with the warning that it might bring lightning, since these matters should only be discussed in the winter. A very severe lightning storm did come up and five people in the community were so frightened by near misses that they had to have the help of a ceremonial practitioner. My medicine man was busy for some time healing one of these cases, and then came back and resumed recording with me. He went on recording the same dangerous songs. There is no doubt in my mind that he felt that they were dangerous songs, but it was a danger he could handle." (David P. McAllester, The Role of Music in Western Apache Culture.) Flute music and butterfly songs may be used in love magic. Even the songs for the Apache social dance contain sacred phrases. The Apache fiddle, probably derived from Spanish influence, is one of the few stringed musical instruments among the American Indians.

In Navaho thought also music has power-power to cure, to protect, to bring success in the hunt or harvest. There are no purely secular Navaho songs. Even those songs used on social occasions, seemingly secular, retain their ceremonial connotation. Some songs are owned by individuals and are one means to judging a man's wealth. Other belong to all the Navaho and are to be used for the general welfare. In Navaho mythology Changing Woman tells her grandchildren: "Do not forget those (songs) I taught you. The day you forget them will be the last, there will be no other days."

Thus, to the Pueblos, Apache, and Navaho music is much more than pleasure or entertainment. It is basic to ritual. It contains power. It is life itself.

The Pueblo of Taos is the northernmost of the Rio Grande Pueblos. It lies about 65 miles north of Santa Fe, New Mexico. the 1200 residents speak a dialect of the Tiwa language.

Santa Clara Pueblo is located two miles west of Espanola, New Mexico. A dialect of the Tewa language is spoken. The population is about 650.

Zuni Pueblo is located in western New Mexico, 35 miles south of Gallup. The language spoken, Zunian, is not closely related to any of the other Southwestern Indian languages. The population is about 3000.

The Apache and Navaho are relatively late-comers to the Southwest. They entered this area from the north between 500 and 1000 years ago. Both groups speak Athabascan languages. The Apache occupy two reservations in New Mexico and three reservations in Arizona with a total population over 10,500. The recordings included on the record were made on the Fort Apache reservation in eastern Arizona. The Navaho population is approaching 100,000. The principal reservation of 16,000,000 acres is located in northeaster Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwester New Mexico.

Lullabies

Recorded: 1950, near Zuni, New Mexico; Zuni woman, ca. 75

"Only women would sing these, Men would sing a Kachina dance song or just any of these rain songs, or Comanche Dance songs, or Hahalisho songs. They would hold the baby in their laps and make them dance a little and pretty soon they would go to sleep."

Song (1)
lo'lo 'atse ts'ana ko'min ts'ana
okla shomi tokia poan t'atanan
'atse ko'min ts'ana ne

Song (2)
hm'atseki 'okshi ts'ana poke ts'ana
kochi ts'ana

Song (1)
lullaby boy little crying little
you beetle sleep
boy crying little

Song (2)
my boy cottontail little jackrabbit little
rat little

Zuni

Kneeling Song From Na'eyes Ceremony

Recorded: 1955, near Ft. Apache, Arizona; Apache man, ca 65

The Na'eyes or girl's puberty ceremony is a time of great celebration. The girl dances part of one night and all of the next and on into the morning, this action and the attendant ritual bringing blessing on all the people. Towards the end of the Sunrise dancing she kneels and does a swaying dance in that position.

Chorus (vocables)
In the beginning earth was not known, sky was not known,
Nothing could be done about it, it seemed,
Nothing could be done about it, it seemed,
Then it seemed earth and sky were being prepared.
Thirty-two winds brought the earth together, they say.
Chorus (vocables)
Thirty-two kinds of plants were set upon it, they say,
Eternal life and blessing were given to it, they say.
Chorus (vocables)

Apache

Social Song

Recorded: 1955, Cibecue, Arizona; Apache man, ca. 55

Tulapai (grey water) is a mild drink made of fermented corn sprouts. Social songs like this one are also called "Tulapai songs" as they are often sung on social occasions when a few friends settle down in a quiet place together to drink, tell stories and sing.

Fort Apache girls, I'm singing about them,
They are nice girls, that's what I'm singing about.
I'm right here now, which way shall I go from here?
The sacred pollen of the Holy One is prepared for me,
I shall rise up (to heaven}, so I have been told.

Apache

Sway Songs

Recorded: 1955, during an Enemyway ceremonial near Steamboat, Arizona

This series of short songs, in the public part of the Enemyway ceremonial, is sung by a group of men divided into two teams. First one side and then the other takes its turn, introducing songs at a higher and higher pitch until, as in the present examples, the upper limit of the falsetto range is reached. Though these songs were sung as the men stood, swaying together with the music, the same kind of song is heard in the Circle Dance where the two halves of the group form the opposite sides of a circle, holding hands, and shuffle first in one direction and then the other as they alternate in the singing.

Navajo

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pow wow
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Recorded by David P. McAllester, Wesleyan University, Donald N. Brown, The Taylor Museum. Edited by Donald N. Brown The art of gathering sounds into music is one of the oldest and most widespread arts known to man. Although music is often referred to as "the universal language," like any language it has many dialects.

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https://www.apacheathletics.com/Apache_Sports_Facilities

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The Apache Nation has an interesting and resilient history. From decades of wars, unfair treaties, and the fight to keep culture amid repeated assimilation attempts, the Apache honor their ancestors through their strength and devotion.

History of the Apache Tribe

Where did the Apache Tribe Live?

Historically, the Apache lived in the high mountains , sheltered and watered valleys, deep canyons, and deserts. This area is now Eastern Arizona, Northern Mexico, New Mexico, West Texas, and Southern Colorado. These areas are collectively known as Apacheria.

History of the Apache Name

Each group within the greater tribe of Apache has a different origin for their name, such as the Chiricahua Apache's name coming from the Chiricahua mountains in Southeast Arizona . The title of Apache is derived from the Spanish and Zuni words for enemy or outlaw . However, the Apache call themselves Indé, which means person or people.

Apache Relations With Spain, Mexico, and the United States

The Apache Wars

The Apache Wars were fought fiercely for 24 years. Fueled by gold miners settling in the Santa Rita Mountains, rising conflicts between the U.S. government and Apache bands, and continued tension between Apache and Mexico and Spain, the wars were fraught with loss and trauma. Most of the battles were not traditional, open battles but were instead conflicts characterized by ambush attacks.

Ultimately, the United States developed reservations for the Apache, the Spanish, and the Mexicans. These reservations were often poorly managed but strictly guarded, so anyone who tried to leave was harshly punished. Within these reservations, bands of Apache who had no ties to each other were forced to live together. Many Apache warriors refused to settle on reservations , continuing their raids and ambushes instead.

The Chiricahua Apache were taken from the West as prisoners of war for 27 years. After this period, they were given a choice to either take allotments of land in Oklahoma or live on the Mescalero Reservation in New Mexico. Around two-thirds of the group chose to live on the reservation.

Other notable treaties between the United States and the Apache include the Treaties of the Medicine Lodge (1867), which forced the Apache, Comanche, Kiowa, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes to begin farming in an effort to assimilate them and quell the white fear and perception that Native people were warlike and uncivilized. In 1889, Congress passed the General Allotment Act, dividing the tribal reservations into individual allotments. Any unclaimed lands were sold to white settlers. This treaty left the Apache with just 32,643 acres of land from the original reservation, which spanned 2.9 million acres.

Apache Culture

Family Life and Community

Becoming a warrior was a sacred calling and role in Apache communities, and both men and women could have this honor. Training to become a warrior began when they were young and many toys Apache children played with were pretend weapons. Becoming a warrior was intense, with some trials including running for two days straight without food or sleep, learning to lie entirely still to disappear into their surroundings, and diving into frozen rivers.

Apache tribes almost always functioned without a centralized tribal organization . Instead, they followed a band, which was a small group within a more prominent tribe. The bands served as the primary political and raiding unit, and the head of the band was recognized as an informal chief.

Homes and Food

Religious Beliefs

Apache religion was based on the belief in supernatural things and the power of nature. Each group of Apache had its own interpretation of the supernatural and spiritual things. The Mescalero Apache, for example, believe that the White Painted Woman gave them the virtues of pleasant life and longevity.

In Mescalero's beliefs, the White Painted Woman raised a son to help protect her people, the Apache, from the evil monsters and to make the earth inhabitable. The White Painted woman is the model of heroic and virtuous womanhood .

The time of a young girl reaching puberty is sacred within Apache tribes. There are sacred and extensive ceremonies that celebrate this transition into womanhood. The ceremonies last multiple days and can require months, and sometimes years, of preparation.

During the ceremony, girls perform elaborate dances and are given special blessings. Parents also choose godparents for their daughters, and a medicine man and medicine woman prepare sacred items for the event. In the Mescalero tribes, girls dress and act as the White Painted Woman during their puberty rite.

Where is the Apache Tribe Today?

Want to Learn More About Native American History?

Grab our guide, Reflecting on Our Foundations, to learn about:

Different tribes and where they lived

Native American values and spirituality

How learning and culture were passed down through generations

How colonization impacted and disrupted Native American life

And much more!

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What Happened to the Apache Tribe?: The History of the Apache Nation

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The Apache Nation has a vibrant history and culture. Read on to learn what happened to the Apache tribe throughout the years.

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Cierra, I don't think the Tyler Apaches is a viable choice for your museum.  Please select another.  Mr. Winter

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Cierra, I don't think the Tyler Apaches is a viable choice for your museum.  Please select another.  Mr. Winter

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American Indian Film Gallery: Cultures of Apache tribes and Hopi tribes

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Traditional Apache arts & crafts include basketry, bead-work, and pottery.
Apaches are well-known for their basketry. Basket making is passed down mother to daughter, from generation to generation. Basket-making material included mulberry, willow, cottonwood, and devil's claw. Some baskets served as storage containers or to carry water.A Tus was a large jar-shaped basket that was sealed with pine pitch to make it water-proof and so was used to carry water or store food.Burden baskets were U-shaped baskets that were carried on the back and held in place by a strap placed across the forehead.Burden baskets were used to gather food, such as crops, gather wood, and also to haul their belongings.Other types of baskets include trays, plaques, and bowls.Basket size indicates what its purpose is, small ones are used as medicine baskets, medium-sized wedding baskets given as gifts and weddings; and the large size baskets are burden baskets and bread baskets.Today, the art of basketry remains strong in Apache culture. Baskets are still used for traditional purposes, but are also made for sale.
Because Apaches were seminomadic and moved frequently, their manufacture of pottery wasn't as refined as their basketry. Pottery was made using the coiling method which involved making a shallow base out of clay and building up the walls by adding coils of clay.The coils were joined and moistened and the walls smoothed to the desired thickness and height. The pottery was then dried and fired, after which the pottery was painted with melted pitch to make it waterproof. What pottery that was made were mainly jars which were used to boil meat or corn, store food, melt pine pitch that was used to water-proof water bottles, and as drums.Today, pottery is made mainly for
Traditionally, the Apache decorated clothing and other items with paints that were made from vegetable.The Apache began engaging in bead-work in the middle of the nineteenth century when Europeans introduced glass beads.They used four beadwork techniques:loom weaving, sewing, stringing, and netting.In addition to using beads to decorate items of clothing, beads were also used to decorate moccasins, buckskin pouches and knife cases, necklaces, and women's hair

Today, the craft of beadwork remains strong in Apache culture.In addition to beaded traditional items, commercial craft items such as earrings, keychains, purses, barrettes, and hair clips, are also made. Video. Coronet Productions. American Indian Film Gallery. This video, titled The Apache Indian, talks bout bead work and pottery; it starts 1:40 minutes into the video and stops at 2:05 minutes. This video was provided by the American Indian Film Gallery.( The Apache Indian. www.aifg.arizona.edu. 1945, Medium.)

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American Indian Film Gallery: Apache Arts and Crafts

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Traditional Apache arts & crafts include basketry, bead-work, and pottery. Basketry Apaches are well-known for their basketry. Basket making is passed down mother to daughter, from generation to generation. Basket-making material included mulberry, willow, cottonwood, ...

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Apache Games

Apache boys and girls played games that kept them fit. Archery was an important competition sport, as the bow and arrow was their main weapon. Apache kids also played toe and toss games to develop coordination, balance, and strength.

1. Toe Toss Stick: To play this game, you needed a stick. To set up play, you first made a mark on the ground. Then you stood behind the mark and balanced a stick on your toe. The object was the toss the stick as high as you could and have it land on the mark. You got points for height and for accuracy.

2. Foot Toss Ball: To play this game, you needed a stone. To set up play, you balanced the stone on your toes. This game had a choice. You could either play to see how far you could toss or how high you could toss the stone with your toes. Kids used light stones, adults used heavy stones, and they completed with each other.

Apache Myths

The Apache loved stories, myths and legends, especially stories about Apache warriors. From the time they were babies, Apache kids heard stories of how brave Apache warriors won battles using strength, speed, cleverness, and accuracy.

The Apache did not count on luck to help them. They stayed trained and fit. But they were realists. A little luck was always welcome.

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Southwest Apache Games and Myths in Olden Times - Native Americans in Olden Times for Kids

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Apache boys and girls played games that kept them fit. Archery was an important competition sport, as the bow and arrow was their main weapon. Apache kids also played toe and toss games to develop coordination, balance, and strength. Toe Toss Stick: To play this game, you needed a stick.

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Kids learn about Native American Indian entertainment including sports, games, music, and dancing. What they did for fun.

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The territory of the Chiricahua Apache once spread across large areas of Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico. In 1913, a third of the Chiricahua, known later as the Fort Sill Apache, accepted allotments in Oklahoma. The Mescalero-Chiricahua language is a member of the Apachean Branch of the Athabaskan language family. Closely related languages include Navajo (Dine) and Western Apache. More distantly related languages include Plains Apache, Jicarilla and Hupa.

Selected Language Information

Hoijer, Harry. 1945. Classificatory Verb Stems in the Apachean Languages. International Journal of American Linguistics Vol. 11:1. 13-23.

Hoijer, Harry. 1946. Chiricahua Apache. In Linguistic Structures of North America. New York: Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology. 55-84.

Hoijer, Harry; & Morris E. Opler. 1938. Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts. The University of Chicago publications in Anthropology: Linguistic Series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Young, Robert W. 1983. Apachean Languages. In Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest (Vol. 10). William. C. Sturtevant (eds.) Washington: Smithsonian Institution. 393-400.

Sample Archival Materials in the Native American Languages Collection

Bittle, William E. (research participant), William Davidson (research participant), Faye Edgerton (research participant), L. W. Elford (research participant), Harry Hoijer (author), Philip G. Howard (research participant), Janet Joēl (research participant), Murray Richardson (research participant). 1963. Studies in the Athapaskan Languages. Akira and Kimiko Yamamoto Collection. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Department of Native American Languages. Media: manuscript. Catalog Number: AKY-486.

--. 1975. Wi Okhuwa-ee. Caryl McHarney Collection. Department of Native American Languages, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. Media: book. Catalog Number: CMC-269.

--. 1975. Joe-ń Bi Lhi. Caryl McHarney Collection. Department of Native American Languages, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. Media: book. Catalog Number: CMC-270.

Links
Apache Language Catalogue of Endangered Languages Ethnologue

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Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache Language - Sam Noble Museum

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The territory of the Chiricahua Apache once spread across large areas of Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico. In 1913, a third of the Chiricahua, known later as the Fort Sill Apache, accepted allotments in Oklahoma. The Mescalero-Chiricahua language is a member of the Apachean Branch of the Athabaskan language family.

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Published: · Modified: by · This post may contain affiliate links ·

The Apache Tribe was a hunter-gatherer people that relied on animal skins for their clothing. As time went on their clothing changed with different influences from Europe, Mexico, and America.

Clothing also depended on trade which is why there were multiple influences throughout their history.

Women's Clothing and Hair

Apache women wore buckskin dresses and over time that progressed to calico skirts and dresses.

This change was due to Mexican influence.

While the fabric may have changed the Apache decorated their clothing the same way regardless of the era. They often decorated their dresses with beaded designs that held a symbolism to their tribe.

Women usually wore their hair long and loose or gathered into a bun. Young women would use a nah-leen to fasten their hair.

Men's Clothing and Hair

Before the 19th century, the Apache men wore leather shirts and breechcloths and by the 1800s they wore white cotton tunics and pants.

Warriors would also decorate their clothing with symbolic beaded designs.

Men would usually cut their hair at shoulder length, with exception of the Plains Apache Tribe that grew their hair long.

Both genders wear shell jewelry.

War and Ceremonial Clothing

Warriors did not traditionally wear feather warbonnets although the Plains Apaches did adopt headdresses from their friends the Kiowas. Most Apache tribes wore leather or cloth headbands.

Ceremonial clothing was slightly different. The Apache peoples would often wear special wooden masks and headdresses.

Face paint depended on the type of ceremony and differed if they were going to battle.

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Apache Tribe Clothing - The History Junkie

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Apache Tribe Clothing originally consisted of animal hides and by the 19th century changed to include cotton tunics and dresses.

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American Indian Film Gallery: Cultures of Apache tribes and Hopi tribes

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Prior to the mid-1800s, traditional Apache women's
clothing consisted of buckskin dresses, and men's traditional clothing consisted of breechcloths during the summer and a buckskin outfit in the winter, a long shirt with leggings .The introduction of commercial cloth brought about the two-piece camp dress for women and cloth shirts and leggings for men.Traditional footwear of the Apache are high boot-like moccasins.Apache moccasins have a distinctive up-turned toe, which is purely decorative in nature.

Today,traditional Apache clothing is worn during religious ceremonies, other cultural events, and on special occasions.In everyday life, they wear modern clothing just like everyone else.

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American Indian Film Gallery: Apache Clothing

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Prior to the mid-1800s, traditional Apache women's clothing consisted of buckskin dresses, and men's traditional clothing consisted of breechcloths during the summer and a buckskin outfit in the winter, a long shirt with leggings ...

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https://nativeamericanmuseum.org/jaw-bone-war-club

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The Apache, a group of people indigenous to the North American Southwest and made up of at least six Indian tribes, wore a variety of traditional clothing prior to their contact with European cultures in the 1800s. Apache clothing for men typically included a loincloth or flap, also known as a breechcloth or breechclout. In warmer weather, this might be all that they would wear, with perhaps a pair of lightweight moccasins or sandals. When it was colder, the men would wear a long deerskin shirt, leggings and headpieces fashioned from leather. The Apache clothing for the women of the tribe included buckskin dresses and loose-fitting fringed shirts and skirts of varying lengths. Both men and women would normally wear high boot-like moccasins in colder weather or lighter weight sandals or moccasins in warmer weather.

Apache clothing was primarily made of deerskin. These Native Americans used deerskin because it was readily available. It was also lightly colored, helping to reflect the hot Southwest sun. The shirts and dresses were also cut full and blouse-like which helped to keep the wearer cool. The sleeves of shirts and blouses typically were above the elbow to allow freedom of movement. The traditional Apache clothing was both functional and decorative. The Apache Indians would decorate their clothing with leather fringe, beads, porcupine quills, bird feathers, and dye made from berries. The way the tribe decorated their clothing set them apart from other American Indians.

Apache Indians sometimes used porcupine quills to decorate their clothing.

Both Apache men and women commonly wore their hair long and, for the most part, loose. The men would sometimes use a leather or cloth headband around the circumference of their head. In colder weather, men typically used a deerskin cap, often highly ornamented. The women sometimes wore their hair in a loosely gathered bun. Women often would oil their hair to keep it shiny as well.

As the Apache tribes made contact with other indigenous people and with emigrating Europeans, their mode of dressing changed. This started to occur in the 1800s. After coming into contact with Mexicans, many Apache used cloth to make cotton tunics, vests, and pants for the men, while some of the women wore calico dresses and skirts.

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What are the Characteristics of Apache Clothing?

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Apache clothing for men typically included a loincloth, lightweight moccasins or sandals, and deerskin shirts and leggings. Women...

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The men of the Apache tribe wear a cotton tunic shirt and pants of the Mexicans, and the Apache women wore calico dresses, just like the clothing of Mexican women. Both men and women wore hide moccasins with beaded decoration. By the 1800s Apache clothing, was beginning to become influenced by the U.S. Army code of dress. Apaches who used to live on the Plains, adopted the dress of their Kiowa and Sioux neighbors. Apaches had long hair, wore feather headdresses, and painted their faces in certain designs depending on whether the occasion was festive, religious or ceremonial before warriors went out to face the enemy. The yellow dress in the slideshow is a beaded Apache dress that was worn in the 1890s. The black and white photo in the slideshow is the Apache Geronimo in a full headdress, showing the design influences of the Plains Indians.

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Apache Native Americans are very good at their bead work, especially the tribes that lived near Plains Indians. For good luck, they sewed beads on to their leather war shirts. They also made arrow...

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Description of Apache clothing at contact and modern day styles. 2300+ articles about apaches and other american indians.

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Tribal Scholarships were offered for the first time in the late 1970's. The White Mountain Apache Tribal Council believed it was important to show their support for the White Mountain Apache students' educational endeavors. This opportunity is provided as a privilege with the intent that recipients, upon graduation, will return to the White Mountain Apache Tribe to apply their learning to benefit the continuing development of the WMAT.

In the early 1980's the White Mountain Apache Tribe successfully contracted with the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the Higher Education grant program. The contract amount has ranged from $180,000 to $285,000 per fiscal year. This amount is dependent on Congressional appropriations and Tribal Priority allocation. In the 1990's the Hondah Casino appropriated additional funds toward the scholarship program.

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Tribal Scholarships were offered for the first time in the late 1970's. The White Mountain Apache Tribal Council believed it was important to show their support for the White Mountain Apache students' educational endeavors.

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Apache Tribe Sports, Toys & Games | Zazzle

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Get everything you need for Apache Tribe sports and games at Zazzle. Choose from our wild range of designs or create your own for different family activities!

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https://plateauportal.libraries.wsu.edu/digital-heritage/war-club

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SAN CARLOS - The San Carlos Apache Tribe is moving forward with a new sports complex, with the first phase breaking ground next week.

The tribe will have a ground breaking Friday, Oct. 1, for its new skate park at the old police station location in Gilson Wash. The ceremony will begin at 10 a.m. and there will be free food and music.

To celebrate the new skate park Tribal Chairman Terry Rambler announced the inaugural Chairman's Veterans Skate Competition for Nov. 13. There will be men's and women's divisions and best trick competitions.

The tribe is spending $337,120 on the 10,000-square-foot skate park, with $287,120 coming from tribal Community Improvement funds and $50,000 from a grant from Freeport-McMoRan.

Start dates of the next phases of the sports complex have not yet been announced, but there is a conceptual drawing of a number of amenities.

Phase two will feature development of four basketball courts, beach volleyball courts, a new Little League field, an office and public restrooms.

Phase three will encompass a new fitness center and will be overseen by the San Carlos Apache Healthcare Corporation.

The final phase will see development of two soccer fields, sidewalks, walking and bike paths, playground equipment, and ramadas and picnic tables.

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San Carlos Apache Tribe moving forward with sports complex

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SAN CARLOS - The San Carlos Apache Tribe is moving forward with a new sports complex, with the first phase breaking ground next week. The tribe will have a

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https://theapachetribe.weebly.com/weapons.html

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Apache Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts about the Apache tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons, chiefs and culture of the Apache. Interesting facts about the Apache nation of the Southwest

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To print the story please do so via the link in the story toolbar.

There were 2 games they liked to play were Toe Toss Stick and Foot Toss Ball. They were kind of the same thing.

1. Foot Toss Ball you need a stone, then you balance the stone on your toes. You had to see how high you could throw it up or how far you tossed it.

2. Toe Toss Stick you need a stick, and make a mark on the ground. You stand behind the mark and balanced the stick on your toe. You would toss the stick as high as you could and try to make it on the mark you made.

1. Girl's Puberty Ceremony- this was getting the girls ready to be a woman.

2. Cradle Ceremony- this was 4 days after birth, they would mark the child with pollen to ward evil influences.

3. 1st Moccasin- to celebrate the child's 1st steps, they give the child moccasins and a new outfit.

Quiz

True or False: The term "bury the hachet" came from the Apache tribe.

Clothing: nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/southwest/apache/food-clothing.html.

Special Days: Native American Netroots, nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/1735.

Leisure Time: "Daily Life in Olden Timesfor KidsSouthwest Apache IndiansGames and Myths." Apache Indians - Games and Myths - Native Americans in Olden Times for Kids, nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/southwest/apache/games-myths.html.

Wikiup: "Wickiup." Wickiup: Native Indian Houses for Kids ***, www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-houses/wickiup.htm.

Apache book from the library

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By: Tierney Sueppel For the young children, it was important to learn the Apache way of life. They taught it through the legends, songs and religious ceremonies. When the girls and boys were little they liked to play house and that would help them practice their life roles.

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What did they eat?

The Apache did not grow food. They were hunters and gatherers. They used bows and arrows to kill deer and rabbits and other game. The women gathered berries, nuts, corn, and other fruits and vegetables. They moved from place to place, in search of food. One thing they did not eat was fish, although fish were plentiful.

What did they wear?

Clothing:

The men wore breechcloths in the summer, and a warmer outfit of deerskin in the winter of leggings and shirts. Both men and women wore highly designed sandals.

Apache women were dressers - they really worked on their appearance. The women wore long skirts and blouses made of leather. Their skirts and blouses matched. They usually had a solid line around the bottom of the skirt, with a matching design on the blouse. Sleeves came just above the elbow to leave them free to work. In the summer, they made clothes of fabrics to be cool, but they were still matching outfits, and carefully designed.

Jewelry: The women wore lots of jewelry - belts, earrings, necklaces made of metal with woven leather.

Hairstyles: The women wore their hair long, and put oil in it to make it extra shiny.

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Southwest Apache Food and Clothing in Olden Times - Native Americans in Olden Times for Kids

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The Apache did not grow food. They were hunters and gatherers. They used bows and arrows to kill deer and rabbits and other game. The women gathered berries, nuts, corn, and other fruits and vegetables. They moved from place to place, in search of food.

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One of the first Indian tribes to learn how to ride horses. The Apache tribe is known for their strong warrior traditions. They were nomadic, moving around to hunt and gather

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Apache tribe is recognized for their skills in pottery, basketry, and beadwork. Their rich cultural heritage includes a deep respect for nature and the land, which is reflected in their spiritual beliefs and ceremonies.

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horse saddle

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This site is designed to help educators and students explore the Hood Museum of Art's collection of Native American art.

It features over 100 objects grouped thematically from four regions of North America.

Its goals are to:

encourage teachers to integrate original works of art into their study of Native American culture and history

help educators and students build skills for looking carefully and thinking critically about works of art

expand awareness of and appreciation for the accomplishments of Native American artists

promote best practices in the teaching of Native American culture and history.

Works of art are primary documents. Created by individuals living at a particular time and place, they provide a complex, nuanced view into culture.

The objects speak for themselves. As you explore, themes will emerge across cultures. Themes like:

reverence for the natural world

pride in traditions and identity

continuity and innovation

sustainability

valuing community over the individual

extraordinary craftsmanship

endurance

This site, the related Native America Map and Advanced Search, object images, videos and resources were made possible in part by a federal grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS).

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Teacher resources featuring over 100 Native American objects from the Northeast Woodlands, Arctic and Subarctic, the Southwest and the Plains from the collection of the Hood Museum of Art.

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Official Website of the Mescalero Apache Tribe

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Browse Openings:

Finance

Division of Resource Management and Protection (DRMP)

Mescalero Parks & Recreation

Gas Company

Center Maintenance

Mescalero Apache Tribal Gaming Commission

Head Start Program

Prosecutor

Tribal Court

Child Care Program

Social Services

Fire Rescue

BIA/OJS Mescalero Agency

Dispatcher OR Police Officer

Interested applicants can also apply online at usajobs.gov.

Mescalero Care Center
MAS Certified Employment Application Packet (For teachers) MAS Non-Certified Employment Application Packet (For non-teachers)
Other
EcoServants
Liaison-Tularosa Municipal Schools (open until filled)

Student Success Specialist (open until filled)
Program Manager
How to Apply

Submit application to the Department of Human Resources at:

108 Central Ave.

Mescalero Apache Tribe

575-464-9276

Note:

Employment opportunities with the Mescalero Apache Tribe enforce tribal preference policies and applicants must apply through the Human Resources Office unless otherwise instructed by the department in which the applicant is applying.

Current job openings from Inn of the Mountain Gods, Casino Apache Travel Center and Ski Apache must be applied at Inn of the Mountain Gods Business Center.
View Business Center Openings Print this entry

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Career Openings - Official Website of the Mescalero Apache Tribe

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Browse Openings: Finance Accounting Technician - PO's (closes March 18, 2022) Chief Financial Officer (open until filled) Division of Resource Management and Protection (DRMP) Environmental Protection Specialist/NEPA Coordinator (open until filled) Custodian/Maintenance Worker (closes March 16, 2022) Realty Specialist (closes March 7, 2022) Hydrologist (closes March 7, 2022) Supervisory Rangeland Specialist (closes March 7, 2022) [...]

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Jobs – Fort Sill Apache Tribe – Chiricahua Warm Springs Apache

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Native Americans and Jobs: The Challenge and the Promise

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Despite making some strides in recovering from a long history of subjugation, American Indians still suffer economically. In particular, they have employment rates far below those of whites, both in the country overall and at the state level.

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American Indian languages Native American Indian cultures Native American art
Native American Facts For Kids was written for young people learning about the Apache Indian tribe for school or home-schooling projects. We encourage students and teachers to visit ourApache language andculture pages for in-depth information about the tribe, but here are our answers to the questions we are most often asked by children, with Apache pictures and links we believe are suitable for all ages.

Sponsored Links What are Apache arts and crafts like?
Apache artists are famous for their fine

Apache Tribe

Apache is pronounced "uh-PAH-chee." It means "enemy" in the language of theirZuni neighbors. The Apaches' own name for themselves was traditionallyNde or Ndee (meaning "the people"), but today most Apache people use the word "Apache" themselves, even when they are speaking their own language.

The Apache are natives of the Southwest deserts (particularly inArizona,New Mexico, andTexas). Some Apache people were also located across the border in northern Mexico. One Apache band, the Na'ishan or Plains Apache, lived far away from the other Apaches, in what is nowOklahoma. Their customs were different from other Apaches, more similar to theirKiowa allies. For that reason, the Americans often called the Na'ishan "Kiowa-Apaches." Here are somemaps of the different Apache communities today.

The Plains Apaches are still living in Oklahoma today. Some Apaches from other bands were captured and sent to live in Oklahoma by the Americans in the 1800's, while other Apaches resisted being moved and remain in Arizona and New Mexico today. The total Apache Indian population today is around 30,000.

There are thirteen different Apache tribes in the United States today: five in Arizona, five in New Mexico, and three in Oklahoma. Each Arizona and New Mexico Apache tribe lives on its ownreservation. Reservations are lands that belong to Indian tribes and are under their control. The Oklahoma Apaches live on trust land. Each Apache tribe has its own government, laws, police, and services, just like a small country. However, the Apaches are also US citizens and must obey American law.

In the past, each Apache band was led by its own chief, who was chosen by a tribal council. Most important decisions were made by the council, and all the Apache councilmembers had to agree before an action could be taken. An Apache chief was more like a tribal chairman than a president. Most of his job was mediating between other Apaches. Most Apache tribes still use tribal councils for their government today.

Almost all Apache people speak English today, but many Apaches also speak their nativeApache language, which is closely related to Navajo. Apache is a complex language with tones and many different vowel sounds. Most English speakers find it very difficult to pronounce. If you'd like to know a few easy Apache words, "ash" (rhymes with 'gosh') means "friend" in Western Apache, and "ahéhe'e" (pronunciation ah-heh-heh-eh) means "thank you." You can read a Apache picture dictionaryhere.

Here are the homepages of theJicarilla Apache Nation andWhite Mountain Apache Tribe. On their sites you can find information about the Apache people from ancient times until today. You can also visit this site about theApache Jii Festival, which has information and photographs about San Carlos Apache culture for kids.

They do the same things all children do--play with each other, go to school and help around the house. Many Apache children like to go hunting with their fathers. In the past, Indian kids had more chores and less time to play in their daily lives, just like colonial children. But they did havedolls, toys, and games to play. Apache children liked to run footraces and play archery games. Once the Apaches acquired horses, girls and boys as young as five years old learned how to ride. An Apache mother traditionally carried her baby in acradleboard on her back. Here is a website with Apache cradleboard images.

Apache women were in charge of the home. Besides cooking and taking care of children, Apache women built new houses for their families every time the tribe moved their location. Though it was rare for an Apache woman to become a warrior, girls learned to ride and shoot just like the boys did, and women often helped to defend Apache villages when they were attacked. Apache men were hunters, warriors, and political leaders. Only men were chiefs in the Apache tribe. Both genders took part in story-telling, artwork and music, and traditional medicine.

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Most Apache people lived inwickiups, which are simple wooden frames covered by a matting of brush and sometimes a buffalo-hide tarp. Wickiups were small dwellings, often the size of a modern camp tent, and an Apache woman could build a new wickiup in two hours if there was enough brush available. Here are somepictures of Indian brush houses. The Plains Apaches and some Lipan Apaches used buffalo-hidetipis as housing instead, which are more spacious and easier to heat than wickiups.

Apache people today do not normally use old-fashioned houses like a teepee or wickiup for shelter, any more than you live in a log cabin. Most Apaches live in modern houses and apartment buildings, just like you. However, some followers of the traditional Apache religion do live in modified larger wickiups, because their beliefs require them to burn down and rebuild their houses whenever there is a death in the family, which can't be done in an apartment.

Originally Apache women wore buckskin dresses and the men wore leather war shirts andbreechcloths. In the 1800's, many Apache men started to wear white cotton tunics and pants, which they adopted from the Mexicans, and many Apache women wore calico skirts and dresses. The Apaches woremoccasins or high moccasin boots on their feet, and rabbit-skin cloaks in cooler weather. An Apache lady's dress or warrior's shirt was often fringed and decorated with beaded designs. Here is a site about the symbolism ofPlains Indian war shirts, and some photos and links aboutIndian costume in general.

The Apaches did not traditionally wearfeather warbonnets, but the Plains Apaches adopted these headdresses from their friends the Kiowas. Other Apache people wore leather or cloth headbands instead. For ceremonies Apache people sometimes wore special wooden headdresses and masks, likethese Apache Crown Dancers. Women usually wore their hair long and loose or gathered into a bun. Many young Apache women fastened their buns with hourglass-shaped hair ornaments callednah-leens. We haven't yet found a good photo of a nah-leen to share with you, but here is a photograph of someCaddo women wearing the same type of hair fastener. Apache men often cut their hair to shoulder length (except in the Plains Apache tribe.) Here is a website with pictures of theseIndian hair styles. Both sexes liked to wear shell jewelry, especially choker-style necklaces. The Apaches also painted their faces for special occasions. They used different patterns for war paint, religious ceremonies, and festive decoration.

Today, some Apache people still have moccasins or a buckskin dress, but they wear modern clothes like jeans instead of breechcloths... and they only wear traditional regalia on special occasions like a wedding or a dance.

No--the Apache Indians weren't coastal people, and rarely traveled by river. Originally they just walked. There were no horses in North America until colonists brought them over from Europe, so the Apaches used dogs pullingtravois (a kind of drag sled) to help them carry their belongings. Once Europeans brought the horse to America, the Apaches quickly became expert riders and could travel much more quickly than before.

What was Apache food like in the days before supermarkets?
The Apaches were not farming people like their cousins the Navajos. Primarily they were hunters. Apache men hunted buffalo, deer, antelope, and small game, while women gathered nuts, seeds, and fruit from the environment around them. Most traditional Apache people do not go fishing, since eating fish is prohibited in their religion. However, some Plains Apache people did pick up the custom of eating fish from their Kiowa neighbors. Although most Apache people were not farmers, the Apaches still used to eat corn frequently. They got it by trading with the Pueblo tribes and the Spanish, or by capturing it during raids. Favorite Apache recipes included cornbread, sunflower cakes, and acorn stew. Here is a website with more information aboutSouthwest Indian food.

Apache hunters used bows and arrows. In war, Apache men fired their bows or fought with long spears and buffalo-hide shields. Here is a website with pictures and more information aboutApache Indian weapons.

What other Native Americans did the Apache tribe interact with?

The Apaches traded regularly with other tribes of the Southwest. They particularly liked to trade for corn from agricultural tribes like theNavajo andWhat is Apache Indian music like?
Pueblo tribes. More often, though, the Apaches were known forraiding neighboring tribes and stealing horses, corn, and other goods. The Apaches had different ideas about war than Europeans did. The Europeans considered a direct attack honorable but thought sneaking in and stealing things was cowardly. But to the Apaches, stealthily raiding another tribe's camp was a brave deed because it meant risking their own lives, but attacking the camp openly would be shameful, because children and old people were likely to be hurt. Apache warriors usually only fought real wars over matters of revenge or defending their territory from invaders, like when they fought against the Mexicans and Americans. At other times, Apache men went on raids primarily to prove their courage.

beadwork andbasketry. Eastern Apache people sometimes madeSouthwestern pottery like the Pueblo Indians. Here is a webWhat kinds of stories do the Apaches tell?
There are lots of Apache legends and oral traditions. Storytelling is very important to the Apache Indian culture. Here is a Jicarilla Apache myth about site with many pictures ofApache baskets, and one about the history ofApache pottery.

What about Apache religion?
Spirituality and religion were important parts of Apache life, and many people continue to practice traditional beliefs today. It is respectful to avoid imitating religious rituals for school projects since some Apache people care about them deeply. You can read and learn about them, however. You can visit this site to learn more about Music is very important to Apache Indian culture. There are different types of traditional Apache songs for ceremonial, social, and entertainment purposes. Singing together in the Apache language is the most import ant part of Apache music, but musical instruments such asdrums,Can you recommend a good book for me to read?
You may enjoy this book offlutes, and rattles are also used. Drums and rattles are especially used during dances, while flutes are particularly associated with love songs. Some Apache groups also played a sort of fiddle made out of agave stalks. Here is a website with someexamples of traditional Apache Indian songs you can listen to, and aYouTube video of Apache singers and dancers performing at Fort Sill.

how fire came to the Apaches, and here are some funny Western Apache folktales aboutthe trickster Coyote swindling people. Here's a page where you can read more aboutApache mythology.How do I cite your website in my project's bibliography?
You will need to ask your teacher for the report format he or she wants you to use. The authors' names are Laura Redish and Orrin Lewis and the title of our site is Native Languages of the Americas. We are a nonprofit educational organization working to preserve and protect Native American languages and culture. You can learn more about our organization

Mescalero Apache spiritual beliefs or this site aboutNative American belief in general.

Chiricahua Apache legends, or the charming illustrated legendThe Flute Player for a younger child. Or you may enjoy reading this interesting biography ofGeronimo, the famous warrior and holy man of the Chiricahuas. If you want to know more about Apache culture and history, two good books for children areThe Apache Indians andApache Children and Elders Talk Together. For older kids, we recommendCulture and Customs of the Apache Indians, a much more in-depth book on Apache culture and family life. You can also browse through our reading list of recommendedNative American books in general. Disclaimer: we are an Amazon affiliate and our website earns a commission if you buy a book through one of these links. Most of them can also be found in a public library, though!

here. Our website was first created in 1998 and last updated in 2020.

Thanks for your interest in the Apache Indian people and their language!

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An overview of the Apache people, their language and history.

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Apache Indian vocabulary lists.

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Facts for Kids: Apache Indians (Ndee, Dine'e. Apaches)

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Information about the Apache Indians for students and teachers. Covers food, homes, arts and crafts, weapons, culture, and daily life of the Apaches.

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What Did the Apache Indians Eat? | Cochise County Master Gardeners

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Have you ever wondered what you could eat if you were lost in the mountains of Southern Arizona? If you attended the January meeting of our local Arizona Native Plant Society, you’d now not only have an idea of what you can eat, you would have had a chance to nibble on some of these edible wild food…

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The Apache nation consists of six subtribes: the Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan and Kiowa. Each subtribe came from a different geographical area. The Apache were hunter-gatherers who roamed the land. Their meals were based on what they found on the land, not on crops they grew or animals they raised themselves.

Meat was an important part of the Apache diet. The Apache hunted deer, wild turkeys, jackrabbits, coyote, javelin, fox, beavers, bears and mountain lions, but the primary animal hunted was the buffalo. Buffalo hunts were held twice a year. The Apache also killed cattle on ranches when it was available and when they needed meat. Meat was dried for long-term storage and eaten roasted, baked, boiled and even raw.

Nuts, Seeds and Fruits

Since the Apache did not farm, their meat-based diet was supplemented with fruits, berries, nuts, seeds and vegetables they found growing wild. One of their chief fruit sources was the mescal cactus, which they used for food and drink. Other cacti the Apache relied on for food were the yucca, tule, palm and mesquite. Acorns were also gathered from the land to supplement their diet. The acorns were crushed or ground and used as a type of flour. Mountain chiles, wild onions, and honey were used for seasoning.

While the Apache were not farmers, corn, a cultivated crop, was a part of their diet. While some Apaches did grow corn, most corn was obtained by trading items such as buffalo hides, tallow and meat, and bones to neighboring Pueblo tribes. When the Apaches were forced onto reservations by the U.S. government, more of them did grow their own corn.

Taboo Foods

While the Apache were hunters, certain animals were considered "unclean," so were not used as food. These unclean foods included prairie dogs, snakes, insects, and other reptiles and amphibians. Animals that ate these unclean foods were also considered unclean. While some Apache ate pork if no other meat was available, most would not eat pork or bacon. The Apache also did not eat fish, as fish were also considered unclean.

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Traditional Foods of the Apache People | ehow.com

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The Apache nation consists of six subtribes: the Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan and Kiowa. Each subtribe came from a different geographical area. The Apache were hunter-gatherers who roamed the land.

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All Apaches relied primarily on hunting of wild game and gathering of cactus fruits and other wild plant foods. Artifact Replicas|Jewelry|Clothing|Figurines|On Sale|New Products

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Hunting was a part of daily life and provided food, clothing, shelter, and blankets. The Apache hunted deer, wild turkeys, jackrabbits, coyote, javelin, fox, beavers, buffalo, bears, and mountain lions. There was no fishing. Eagles were hunted for their feathers and released after two or three feathers were plucked. Buffalo were the primary animal hunted and provided for most of the daily needs for food, shelter, clothing and tools.

The Apache believed prairie dogs, snakes and other reptiles, anphibians, and fish were unclean, so they didn't eat them.

Apache boys were taught to move quickly and quietly through the forest to catch food for their family. Every Apache male hunted. A young man was not permitted to marry until he had killed his first big animal, such as a bear or mountain lion. The Apaches greased their bodies with animal fat to mask their human smell so the animals being hunted wouldn't smell them and run away.

The Apache exchanged buffalo hides, tallow and meat, bones that could be worked into needles and scrapers for hides, and salt to the Pueblo tribes for pottery, cotton, blankets, turquoise, corn and other goods. But at times they simply saw what they wanted and took it. Raids on other villages were a primary way Apaches procured food, increased their wealth, and obtained captives for brides or slaves.

Articles explaining the Apache foods, hunting methods, gathering methods, farming practices, and recipes of the Apache people.

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Apache Foods, Subsistence methods and Recipes index. 1300+ articles about north american indians.

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What Did the Apache Eat? - Great Trading Path

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Find out what did the Apache eat, what foods did the Apache grow and gather and what foods dod the Apache hunt.

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The Apache Tribe people were hunters and gatherers. This meant that the Men hunted Buffalo, deer, antelope and the women gathered nuts, seeds, fruits from the environment around them. Although the...

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Real / authentic artifacts if available (example: tools, equipment, etc.)

Spacing

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Real photos/videos

Information, Titles, visual

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The people known as the Apache include several related Native American groups. A neighboring tribe, the Zuni, gave them the name Apachu, meaning “enemy.” They refer to…

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Food is a main source to life and to have energy. Energy for this Indian Tribe is a necessity because they need to get things done in their living area and without energy it would be really hard. So to get food they killed animals, mainly the men did. The females gathered foods too.

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Apache were nomadic hunters and gatherers at that time. By the 1800s, few Apache actually lived in west Texas, except for some Mescalero Apache who occupied seasonal villages in the Davis Mountains and the Big Bend. For shelter, Apache used tipis, ramadas, and wickiups. Tipis had hide covers.

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Apache Tribe | History, Location & Culture - Lesson | Study.com

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Learn about Apache history, Apache culture, and other Apache facts. Read about the origins and migration of the Apache people.

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The Apache, like other native groups, played a wide variety of games to entertain themselves. One common game was competitive archery. Another game was the "toe and toss" game. In this game, players balanced a stick on their toe and tried to kick it high in the air.

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Native American Entertainment You Should Know

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Apache women initiation and divine renewal 

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moccosins used in the first moccosin ceremonies 

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Bands or tribes known collectively as the Apache ranged widely throughout the American Southwest at the time of the first Spanish exploration and invasion. The Apache are Athabascan-speaking and migrated into the Southwest from Canada perhaps as early as 850 CE, but most likely between the late 1200s and early 1400s. In her entry on the Western Apache in the Encyclopedia of North American Indians, Elizabeth Brandt writes:

"Evidence from archaeological sites suggests a date around A.D. 1450 for the entry of Athabaskan peoples into the Southwest, but some scholars call for earlier dates."

There is no single Apache tribe or nation. In general, there are six major divisions of the Apache: the Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, and Kiowa-Apache. The Western Apache include five groups: Cibecue, San Carlos, White Mountain, Northern Tonto, and Southern Tonto.

There are several functions of spiritual power among the Apache: (1) spiritual power provides the individual with general protection, (2) spiritual power sometimes provides the ability to cure a specific disease, and (3) spiritual power can bring success in daily activities, such as love, hunting, warfare, and gambling.

Among the Western Apache, spiritual power is important. They feel that there is an inexhaustible supply of power in the universe and that each person can bring a little of this power under their control. Most of the power, however, is free to act on its own. This power, according to anthropologist Keith Basso, in his book The Cibecue Apache:

"does not possess moral sanctity, nor is it considered by Apaches to be inherently benevolent. To the contrary, if a power is offended by what it considers disrespectful behavior it is capable of causing hardship."

The best way not to offend a power is to extend to it the same courtesies given to human beings.

Historian Robert Utley, in his book A Clash of Cultures: Fort Bowie and the Chiricahua Apaches, writes of Chiricahua Apache religion:

"Religion helped one to acquire the supernatural power needed for guidance and assistance throughout life. Religion placated or nullified the evil forces that caused disease and calamity; it helped to ensure success in war."

Power among the Western Apache may be acquired in two ways: (1) the power finds you, and (2) you find the power. In the first instance, power may come to people in dreams or it may come to them when they are awake. An unusual or unexpected event may indicate that the power is near and is prepared to make itself available to the person. Songs which come to people in dreams provide direct knowledge of spiritual power.

In the second way of finding a power - you find the power - the individual learns the appropriate chants and prayers to the power. If done correctly, the power will start working for the individual.

Each power has a series of chants and prayers associated with it. To acquire the chants, the person must pay for them. In addition to paying the instructor, the student must also support himself and his teacher during the period of instruction. There are often 55-60 different chants for a particular power, such as Blacktailed Deer Power. Each chant has as many as 26 different verses and may take up to half an hour to sing. Each chant must be performed without error or deviation. In addition, anthropologist Keith Basso points out:

"Chants are not easy to sing. They are apt to range over more than one octave and sometimes involve abrupt and difficult changes in pitch and tempo."

The four cardinal directions - east, south, west, and north - are associated with spiritual powers, and of these, east is considered to be most holy. For this reason, the spiritual leaders, singers, and drummers will often face east during ceremonies.

Some Apache individuals have greater access to spiritual power than others. These people are commonly known as medicine men and medicine women.

Among the Apache, the power may occasionally instruct the medicine man to create a deer hide painting. According to Cécile R. Ganteaume, in an article in American Indian Art:

"Unlike some men who used their power for personal benefit, the men who made deer hide paintings used their power for the benefit of the community."

The images in the painting may show holy powers such as thunder or lightning. Hummingbirds, the supernatural messengers who carry Apache prayers to the spiritual realm, are often shown in the deer hide paintings.

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Bands or tribes known collectively as the Apache ranged widely throughout the American Southwest at the time of the first Spanish exploration and invasion. The

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Among the Western Apache tribes, Apaches practise the ‘Girls’ Puberty Ceremony.’ Which is known as ‘ Na’íí’ees’ - meaning ‘preparing her’ or ‘getting her ready.’ In this four…