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songhai: Greatest university for learning- Timbuktu-13th-16 c-ideas of astonomy, medicine mathmatics

Kongo: Kingdom in West-central Africa , traded with Portugal

Asante: Located in West Africa traded gold and slaves with Portugal

Zulu: located in southern Africa, led by warrior Shaka, British Empire took them over

Ethiopia: traded with portugal and other Europeans for wepons and maintained independence from Europeans

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Sahara dessert: worlds largest Africa dessert
Niger River: Main river of Western Africa, moves through  the countries of Niger and mali
Congo river: Second longest river on Africa includes the countries of Somalia and Southeasern Ethiopia
Cape of Good Hope:Located in south Africa named after explorer Bartholomew Dias

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Songhi: while islam was practice by rulers, most people remained loyal to their religion

Because of trade relationships with foreign nations and empires songhi was a culture center of Africa

Asante (ashanti)
pratice of indigenous religion and use of indigenous language. Threats from eurpoean invasion and other african empires created a militaristic society

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social and cultural patterns in east africa 

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social and cultural patterns in east africa 

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Ehiopa
influence of christianity, Judism, and islam through trade
Difference of religion and europeans interaction caused conflict

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social and cultural patterns in central and southern africa

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social and cultural patterns in central and southern africa

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kongo
Portuguese missionary were succesful in coverting rulers toto christianity, resulting in the conversion of the entire kingdom. the art of the kongo was elaborate, using wood, and terra-cotta.
Zulu
practice of indigenous religion, characterized by ancestral spirits and the use of magic, occurred. History passed through oral traditions in the indigenous language

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political system: Ruled by an absolute monarch who commanded the military and controlled an imperial bureaucracy. Economic system: economy based on trade of slaves and gold to north Africa across the Sahara dessert and oversea.

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Political system: elimination of clan tradition in favor of a unified government under a central leader.  Economy system: economy based on trade of slaves gold to north Africa across the Sahara dessert and overseas

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Political system: Ruled by a monarch centered on christianity
Economic system: economy based on trade of gold, ivory, and frankincense across the Saharan Desert and overseas

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Political system: ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy
Economic system: Economy based entirely on agriculture and livestock

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Political system: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy
Economic system: Economy based on agriculture, metallurgy, and trade of ivory and slaves