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This stage takes place during young adulthood between the ages of approximately 18 to 40 yrs. During this stage, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. This is when relationships are most important for development. We begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. We explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone other than a family member.

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This stage represents the point I am at in my life, today. I am hopeful that I will resolve with intimacy. I have faced isolation throughout my young adulthood because I suffer from anxiety and depression. Lately, I have been working on my overall wellness and feel that I will continue to live a happy, healthy life. Erikson believed that this stage is resolved by, "a process of exploration followed by commitment," (Berk, p. 399).

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At this time of my life I hope to be living for my children and grandchildren. I hope to have achieved all of my goals and feel fulfilled with my life overall. Our book notes that Erikson created this stage with the idea that, " Integrity results from feeling that life was worth living as it happened," (Berk, p. 10).

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School was always my safe place. I resolved in industry at this age. Our text mentions that this age is fulfilled with, "a positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, and cooperative participation with agemates," (Berk, p. 321).

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I have not reached this stage of my life yet. I hope to be a healthy adult with happy children. Our book mentions that at this time of our life we are focused on "giving back" to our family members for future generations, (Berk, p. 10). I dream that my husband and I will be settled in to our dream home, raising our children, and overall living a happy, healthy life.

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At this age, I resolved in both initiative and guilt. By this time I had a new baby sister and the attention was not just on me anymore. The book mentions, "Early childhood is, indeed, a time when children develop a confident self-image, more effective control over their emotions...which they apply to themselves," (Berk, p. 246).

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Luckily, I have a grandpa that recorded everything. From my first steps, first word, I have it all. I resolved in autonomy, comfortable with my surroundings. Our textbook mentions, "Basic trust and autonomy grow out of warm, sensitive parenting and reasonable expectations for impulse control starting in the second year," (Berk, p. 173).

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During this time of my life, I battled with uncertainty. I wanted to fit in at school and keep my friends around. I struggled with depression and anxiety which had an impact on this time. Berk mentions in her book, "Constructing an identity involves defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to pursue in life." (Berk, p. 398)

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Personally, I believe that I resolved in trusting the world around me. My mother was nurturing and fulfilled my needs. Our textbook, Exploring Child & Adolescent Development by Laura E. Berk mentions, "when the balance of care is sympathetic and loving, the psychological conflict of the first year—basic trust versus mistrust—is resolved on the positive side," (Berk, p. 172).

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Bee, H. L. (1992). The developing child. London: HarperCollins.

Berk, Laura. E. (2018). Exploring child & adolescent development. PRENTICE HALL.
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.

Erickson, E. H. (1958). Young man Luther: A study in psychoanalysis and history. New York: Norton.

Erikson, E. H. (1963). Youth: Change and challenge. New York: Basic books.
Erikson, E. H. (1964).

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This stage takes place during during middle adulthood (ages 40 to 65 yrs). At this point in one's life, "making your mark" on the world through creating or nurturing things that will outlast an individual is the goal. During middle age individuals experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other people.

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This video is a great, short explanation of Erikson's developmental stages. For learners who prefer audio or presentations, this video is for you!

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Erikson’s 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development Explained

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During each stage of development below, Erikson says the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.

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During each stage of development below, Erikson says the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.

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Development consists of the physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and moral development of the child from birth through adolescence. Erik Erikson created eight stages of development from infancy to adulthood that we will be exploring throughout this Padlet.

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Ego integrity versus despair is the eighth and final stage of Erik Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development. This stage begins at approximately age 65 and ends at death. It is during this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life. Erikson describes this stage as, “the acceptance of one’s one and only life cycle as something that had to be."

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Identity vs. role confusion occurs during adolescence, from about 12-18 years. During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc. The individual wants to belong to a society and fit in.

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This stage involving industry (competence) vs. Inferiority occurs during childhood between the ages of five and twelve. Children will be learning to read and write, to do sums, to do things on their own. Teachers begin to take an important role in the child’s life as they teach the child specific skills.

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During the initiative versus guilt stage, children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction. This stage revolves around play, it is an essential part of their growth. It provides children with the chance to explore their interpersonal skills by initiating activities like imagination play. If the child is not able to explore freely, they may develop a sense of guilt.

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Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months to approximately 3 years. According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. If children are given the freedom and necessary guidance, they will build a confidence in their development. In retrospect, if children are criticized or ignored, they will lack self-esteem and still seek guidance for tasks they should be able to complete on their own.

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This stage begins at birth continues to approximately 18 months of age. During this time, the infant is unsure of their surroundings. They look to their parents for protection, stability and guidance. If these needs are not met, the child may develop anxiety or mistrust.