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Ouassila Benlatreche:

I advise the interviewer to practice some relaxation techniques to face any emergency. My work as a psychiatrist makes me keen on this point in particular...because some of these techniques may reduce the state of tension experienced by the victim as she tells her story, as well as avoiding the panic attack that is common in such cases.

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Pamela (Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Chile)

Considering the material conditions here in Latin America for those of us who do memory work and who do not always have psychological support teams, how can we provide safe spaces for those who give their testimonies?

Radhika: don’t need to have the support structure within your organisation. You can develop a referral system that builds on the strength of other organisations or counselling programmes.

Gegê: Psychosocial support should be considered as a foundation of memory work. It is a key need and should be prioritised.

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How do you acknowledge testimonies in final reports? Documentation without the interviewee is nothing. Acknowledging them is part of centering victims in the documentation processes

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Farida Oughlissi (NCFD - Algerie)

Our experience in documentation had a positive side and a negative side...
The positive side is that is was easy  to gain the victims' trust, considering the documenting person himself a victim, but this has a negative impact as the victim documents for another victim. I mean they experienced similar things.

Annah: Traumatic memories in interviewers need to be avoided. Because of that, interviewers need debriefing and counceling sessions beforehand. It is important for the interviewer to seek psychosocial support after the interview.

What Ouassila mentioned about rape victims is something we faced a lot in our conservative societies, the victims refuse to reveal what happened to them, especially the women. We have gone through very painful cases, but the victims refused to speak, because rape is a matter that harms the victim and her family, and thus the victim continues to suffer without resorting to the documentation that is backed with psychological treatment.

Annah: In many cases victims will not speak out, because the price may be too high for them. What we have found very powerful in getting women to speak freely is to create non-mixed women-only spaces, removing the element of documentation.

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Ouassila Benlatreche:

It is crucial to have a psychologist at the hearing or documentation. Revisiting the details of the traumatic event, particularly sexual violence, has psychological, emotional and even behavioural impacts that may be so intense as to make one have suicidal thoughts, especially in conservative societies

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Danie Manyasi (SMAK - Kenya)

Currently, we're having an incest molestation case. The violater is the breadwinner. He's admitted to have committed the offence. 'Do no harm' will mean that he pleads for clemency. How may we navigate here, to juggle between reconciliation and justice?

Annah: Do no harm principle will require that we do what the victim wants to do. You can advise the victim on what needs to be done, but it is important to follow the victim's lead. In this case, the victim may be thinking of socio-economic challenges she will face if the perpetrator is removed from the situation. In "do no harm" we have to give the victim all the legal support, information, challenges and possibilities. We can also look for alternatives to the economic hardship that would result from removing the abuser. We should give the victim all possibilities to make an informed decision.

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Practical example of  do no harm principle

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Practical example of  do no harm principle

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In our offices, we have specialized, comfortable rooms designated as "safe spaces" for interviews and therapy.

However, on the way to our offices these people are confronted with the street, public transport, authorities... And many of them - migrants - are facing detention and deportation. Others can be judged by their employers for coming to counseling.

The do not harm principle makes us look at these eventualities and additional dangers victims might face. Because of that, we provide victims with transport to come to our offices and also with letters to provide to employers

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The story belongs to the storytellers. The victims' vision of events needs to be preserved in order to center their voices.

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شارك ببعض الأمثلة العملية حول كيفية وضع الضحايا في مركز عمليات التوثيق وإحياء الذكرى / رواية القصص؟

كيف تعاملت مع الاحتياجات الفورية للضحايا التي قد تؤثر على عملية التوثيق / المقابلة؟ على سبيل المثال ، "لم أتناول الطعام لمدة 3 أيام" ، ليس لدي نقود للانتقال إلى المنزل بعد المقابلة "، وما إلى ذلك؟

ماذا يعني لك "لا ضرر ولا ضرار" وكيف نفذت هذا المبدأ أثناء عمليات التوثيق؟
ما هي بعض التحديات التي واجهتها في تركيز الضحايا على عمليات التوثيق وإحياء الذكرى؟

كيف تجولت في الثقافة والتقاليد والحواجز الأخرى التي قد تعيق الضحايا من التقدم أو التحدث بحرية عن تجاربهم؟

ما الاحتياطات الإضافية التي اتخذتها عند إجراء مقابلة مع ضحايا العنف الجنسي والعنف الجنسي المرتبط بالنزاع؟

ما هو الابتكار الذي قدمته إلى عملية التوثيق لمساعدة الضحايا فيما بعد عملية المقابلة / التوثيق؟

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1. Donnez quelques exemples pratiques de la manière dont vous avez placé les victimes au centre des processus de documentation et de mémorisation/récit.

2. Comment avez-vous fait face aux besoins immédiats des victimes qui pourraient affecter le processus de documentation/interview ? Par exemple, "je n'ai pas mangé depuis 3 jours", "je n'ai pas d'argent pour le transport de retour chez moi après l'entretien", etc.

3. Que signifie pour vous "Ne pas nuire" et comment avez-vous mis en œuvre ce principe pendant les processus de documentation ?

4. Quels sont les défis que vous avez rencontrés en centrant les victimes dans les processus de documentation et de commémoration ?

5. Comment avez-vous surmonté la culture, la tradition et les autres obstacles qui peuvent empêcher les victimes de se manifester ou de parler librement de leurs expériences ?

6. Quelles précautions supplémentaires avez-vous prises lors des entretiens avec les victimes de violences sexuelles et de violences sexuelles liées aux conflits ?

7. Quelles innovations avez-vous apportées à votre processus de documentation pour aider les victimes au-delà du processus d'entretien/documentation ?

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1. Comparta algunos de sus ejemplos prácticos sobre cómo ha situado a las víctimas en el centro de los procesos de documentación y conmemoración/relato de la historia.

2. ¿Cómo ha abordado las necesidades inmediatas de las víctimas que podrían afectar al proceso de documentación/entrevista? Por ejemplo, "no he comido durante tres días", "no tengo dinero para el transporte de vuelta a casa después de la entrevista", etc.

3. ¿Qué significa para ti "no hacer daño" y cómo has aplicado este principio durante los procesos de documentación?

4. ¿Cuáles son algunos de los retos a los que se ha enfrentado al centrar a las víctimas en los procesos de documentación y conmemoración?

5. ¿Cómo ha sorteado la cultura, la tradición y otras barreras que pueden impedir que las víctimas se presenten o hablen libremente de sus experiencias?

6. ¿Qué precauciones adicionales ha tomado al entrevistar a las víctimas supervivientes de la violencia sexual y de la violencia sexual relacionada con el conflicto?

7. ¿Qué innovación ha aportado a su proceso de documentación para ayudar a las víctimas más allá del proceso de entrevista/documentación?

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Collecting and Centering Victims Voices Presentation

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1. Share some of your practical examples of how you have put victims at the centre of documentation and memorialisation/story-telling processes?

2. How have you dealt with immediate needs of victims that might affect the documentation/interview process? Eg “I have not eaten for 3 days”, I do not have money for transport back home after the interview”, etc?

3. What does “Do no Harm” mean to you and how have you implemented this principle during documentation processes?

4. What are some of the challenges that you have faced in centering victims in documentation and memorialisation processes?

5. How have you navigated culture, tradition and other barriers that may hinder victims from coming forward or speaking freely about their experiences?

6. What additional precautions have you taken when interviewing victim survivors of sexual violence and conflict related sexual violence?

7. What innovation have you brought to your documentation process to assist victims beyond the interview/documentation process?

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Annah Moyo, Director,  Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliacion (CSVR) - South Africa

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Annah Moyo, Director,  Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliacion (CSVR) - South Africa

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Annah Moyo-Kupeta is a human rights lawyer with 14 years' experience working in the legal and human rights fields, with a specific focus on legal research, gender, regional litigation, policy-making, policy and legislative review and analysis, and development of continental policies and soft law instruments, including studies, guidelines and general comments. Annah is currently the Advocacy Programme Manager at the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, where she is leading the organisation's advocacy work at the national, regional, and international levels. She has a vision of an Africa that protects and promotes the rights of its citizens, especially women, in all their diversity, and restores the dignity and worth of victims of conflict and gross human rights violations—a continent committed to the peace, development and wellbeing of its people.

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International Coalition of Sites of Conscience