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Russia first emerged in the 9th century, and was predominantly vikings throughout much of the middle ages.

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The Papal States in the middle ages was a string of territories in central Europe, all of which were ruled by a centralized papacy.

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Britanny wished to remain an independent duchy during the middle ages, uniting against the Carolingians and Norse invadors.

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Portugal in the middle ages held significant amounts of diversity. It became a global power during Europe's Age of Discovery.

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Leon has substantial cultural heritage, given how it has a large variety of architecture. It was very significant in the Iberian peninsula in the middle ages.

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Castile was a powerful area in the middle ages, which helped the creation of Spain as a single country in around the 1500s.

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Holy Roman Empire, Piazza Enrico Mattei, Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

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Holy Roman Empire, Piazza Enrico Mattei, Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

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Holy Roman Empire, Piazza Enrico Mattei, Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

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The Holy Roman Empire is commonly considered to be a continuation of the Roman Empire in the middles ages, being a restoration of the empire.

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Bohemia was a major part of central Europe, being a monarchy. It was a diverse area for culture, and had substantial economic output.

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Syria was under the control of the Ottoman empire for much of its existence. It has heavily influenced by figures and civilizations such as the Byzantines, the Greeks, and the Romans.

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Denmark converted to christianity in around the 1000s. The territory was very much rural, and Vikings originated partly from Denmark.

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Despite covering a large area, Germany in the middle ages was split up into numerous tribal civilizations, all of which had feudal rulers.

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Flanders was very wealthy and urbanized during the middle ages. It achieved such through participating the the European wool trade.

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During the middle ages, Norse mythology greatly impacted Sweden, with several aspects of christianity. It held significant trade with northern Europe.

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During the Middle ages, as a result of Christian conquests and the actions of the Fatimid Caliphate, Jerusalem's population. dropped significantly.

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Constantinople was the greatly prosperous capital of the byzantines until it was captured by the Ottomans in 1453 AD

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Naples, Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy

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Naples, Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy

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Naples, Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy

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Naples was a center for trade and commerce in the middle ages, dominating over its surrounding towns and societies.

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Milano, Metropolitan City of Milan, Italy

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Milano, Metropolitan City of Milan, Italy

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Milano, Metropolitan City of Milan, Italy

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In Milan during the middle ages, there was significant conflict between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines, and also held trade between France and Germany.

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Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

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Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

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Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

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Florence was dominated by wealthy merchants. It was a commercial power for the wool trade during the middle ages.

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Venice, Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy

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Venice, Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy

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Venice, Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy

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Venice in the middle ages was a financial and commercial powerhouse. It traded silk, grains, art, and spice as products.

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During the middle ages, Ghent was a major city in Europe, having amassed large amounts of wealth from cloth and grain.

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Bruges during the middle ages functioned as a powerful commercial and trade hub, helping the exchange of culture and art.

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Damascus specialized in manufacturing and crafting. It was a hub for manufacturing, specifically in products such as swords and lace.

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Cairo was a crucial trade hub in the spice trade during the middle ages between Europe and Asia, making it a major commercial power.

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The Iberian Peninsula acted as a border between several societies such as Eurasia, also facilitating development in its inhabitants.

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The coasts of the Danube River function as borders for countries, and the waterways acted as commercial trade routes.

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The Alps separated the italian peninsula from the rest of the continent, which helped in providing protection.

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Civilizations such as France utilized the Seine River for purposes such as sustenance and drainage.

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The baltic sea served as a crucial hub for exchange of ideas and culture, along with harboring maritime trade during the middle ages.

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Civilizations such as the ottomans utilized the resources of the black sea. It also helped facilitate the development of several commercial powers.

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During the middle ages, the Adriatic Sea held many ports which offered crucial transport and sustenance.

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The mediterranean sea facilitated trade among its coasts, with several different power dominating over it throughout the middle ages.