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Cp 1, Video A  | “Fem Covair which meant that women were considered subordinate to their husbands in all political and legal matters “ | The shows that women had zero rights over what they really wanted to do, and their husbands basically owned them. Women had zero other rights to even speak up about this discrimination.

Cp 1, doc. C | “In this type of social organization, women were not the only dependents denied a voice in running their own affairs or those of the community-servants, sons who had not yet set up their own households, and slaves also had no vote and few responsibilities to the wider community. Since married women and their daughters were legally subordinate to husbands and fathers and were perceived solely as parts of households, it is therefore hardly surprising that they were ignored by the drafters of the Constitution.“ | This shows that they didn’t have any rights outside of the house either and that they were completely looked over in politics, and day-to-day things like having the right to speak up.

Cp 2, doc. B | “He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.Pause right there. Does the most famous document in American history really state “all Men are created equal,” then hypocritically proclaim right afterward its first inhabitants are “merciless Indian savages”?“ | This shows they had no regard for the Native Americans as humans, and just called them like they were objects “merciless Indian savages”

Cp 2, doc A | “Thus, various states meddled in Indian affairs and actually caused wars between tribes and Georgia and South Carolina, for example, because the states were trying to steal Indian lands“ | This shows that the US colonies/states were only after the land and took advantage of the things that they could get from the Native Americans and were not actually allies.

Cp 3, Video 1 | “For the enslaved they were property, and property doesn’t have rights” | In this, the video says that back then, the enslaved (African Americans) were treated as property, and that property doesn’t have rights, and I think that this shows that instead of being treated like humans and having rights, they were treated like property/objects, that people could obtain and the more property you had, the more rights and the more powerful you were.

Cp 3, Doc. A | “the enslaved population will be counted as three-fifths of its overall number. Untaxed Native Americans would not figure into this number.“ | This shows that African Americans were slaves, therefore were seen as objects and only counted as 3/5ths of a person, which is inhumane and cruel.

Cp 4, Doc. B | “The wealthy pulled ahead of the rest of society, especially in the cities of the Northeast, on the strength of their savings, access to credit, and capital gains,” the authors of Unequal Gains write. | This shows that just because in this time period you were working/lower class, you didn’t get equal opportunities and rights, such as voting or everyday things.

Cp 5, Doc. B | "Becoming a freeholder was not difficult for a man in colonial America since land was plentiful and cheap. Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population. "| This quote shows in most cases Property owning, white, older, and sometimes Christian, men had power. I think this shows the controversy that a lot of the time it was viewed as if you weren’t this that you didn’t get very many rights if any at all, in the context of voting/politics and authority everywhere.

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Document A | During the colonial period, the right to vote for the lower house of colonial legislatures had been defined in traditional British terms: Only people who had freehold landed property sufficient to ensure that they were personally independent and had a vested interest in the welfare of their communities could vote.
Document A | Some colonies excluded propertied people whose civic commitment they suspected—recent arrivals, members of minority religious sects, and racial groups deemed unacceptable.
Document A |  no more than 50 to 60 percent of adult males had previously qualified. In 1787 it was estimated that, in the state as a whole, upwards of 87.5 percent of adult white males could now vote.
Document B |  After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population.

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Document B - Becoming a freeholder was not difficult for a man in colonial America since land was plentiful and cheap. Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population.

Document B - Typically, a voter had to be a free, adult, male resident of his county, a member of the predominant religious group, and a "freeholder." A freeholder owned land worth a certain amount of money.

Document A - But those most generally excluded were laborers, tenant farmers, unskilled workers, and indentured servants, all of whom were considered to lack a ‘‘stake in society’’

Document A - ‘free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity. There was no desire to enfranchise the poor, who were commonly identified as profligate or idle

Document A - 70 or 80 percent of adult white males held enough property to be enfranchised.

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CP1, C - "Since married women and their daughters were legally subordinate to husbands and fathers and were perceived solely as parts of households, it is therefore hardly surprising that they were ignored by the drafters of the Constitution."

CP2, B - "He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions."

CP3, A - "When a state’s population is counted for purposes of representation in government, and for direct taxation, the enslaved population will be counted as three-fifths of its overall number. Untaxed Native Americans would not figure into this number."

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Document B - “…this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating…most Jews and Catholics…”

Video 1 - “Freedom and rights are ultimately linked to property and power. So those who had property and power also had independence. For the enslaved, they were property. So property doesn’t have rights.”

Video A - “Women were really assumed to be irrelevant to the political sphere.”

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Article A: Becoming a freeholder was not difficult for a man in colonial America since land was plentiful and cheap. Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population.

Article A: In 1776 the most radical state, Pennsylvania, enfranchised all tax paying adult males and so broadened the electorate markedly, especially in older eastern areas where no more than 50 to 60 percent of adult males had previously qualified.

Article B: Becoming a freeholder was not difficult for a man in colonial America since land was plentiful and cheap. Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters.

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Mercy Otis Warren wrote an important Anti-Federalist pamphlet in early 1788, but she hardly did so as a woman. She published it under an ungendered pseudonym, "A Columbian Patriot," which most contemporaries attributed to a man, Elbridge Gerry. (Not until the 1930s did Mercy Otis Warren finally win authorial credit for this pamphlet) 1, A.

(in some cases, states bowed to slaveholding counterparts in order to ensure the Constitution would be ratified), in the name of economics. Slavery, when all was said and done, was both profitable and convenient for many white Americans—and not just in the South… 3, A

Many settlers in the 1600s were regarded as “waste people” in their native England; many others were indentured servants. Benjamin Franklin, in the 1700s, called poor Whites in the Pennsylvania backcountry “refuse” and hoped that the forces of nature would weed out malingerers. 1, A

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CP1, A
“women did not participate in the conventions that framed and ratified the Constitution. Women did not vote for convention delegates. And women -as women - did not publicly participate in constitutional debates in the press, in pamphlets, and so on.”

CP2, B
“Consider, although Jefferson is most credited for penning this famous document, it was written by a committee of 5 people – including Benjamin Franklin and John Adams – and ratified 86 times by the Continental Congress before becoming official and signed. So this was a carefully mulled-over phrase in that Natives would forever be considered “savages” in regards to their future relations with the U.S.”

CP3, A
"If an enslaved person crosses state lines into a state where slavery has been abolished, citizens of that state are obligated to return the slave to their owner."

CP4, B
“The wealthy pulled ahead of the rest of society, especially in the cities of the Northeast, on the strength of their savings, access to credit, and capital gains,” the authors of Unequal Gains write.”

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CP3, document A video 1:
"Slaves were considered property so they didn't have rights and were treated like animals."

CP 1, document A video:
"Women couldn't own property and if they did it would go to their husbands when they got married."

CP2, document A video:
"People at that time didn't think the Native Americans were a part of the US, their idea of a colony didn't really include women and Native Americans."

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Document A: Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson in the 1700s were calling poor white people trash meaning they could not afford anything and were also saying that people who did not own land and slaves were called “rubbish”.

Document A: Perhaps the most urgent goal of free black communities, especially in regions like greater Philadelphia that bordered on slave states, was the protection of black citizens from enslavement, kidnapping, and white violence… Free blacks also worked with white abolitionists who could provide essential legal and political expertise, including those who had established the Pennsylvania Abolition Society in 1775.

The black community of Philadelphia played a critical role in the history of the city, and black Philadelphians helped to lead the cause of abolition and the fight for black citizenship rights, in the city and beyond.

Document B: The last of these complaints, however, reads: He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions….

The most famous document in American history state “all Men are created equal,” then hypocritically proclaims right afterward its first inhabitants are “merciless Indian savages”….

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Cp3, Doc A:
When a state’s population is counted for purposes of representation in government, and for direct taxation, the enslaved population will be counted as three-fifths of its overall number.

Cp1 Doc B:
“A married woman was simply not a person under the law; her legal existence was bound up with that of her husband's.”

Cp2 Doc C:
The heavy price American Indians and Alaska Natives paid to retain certain rights of self-government was to relinquish much of their land and resources to the United States.

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"Benjamin Franklin, in the 1700s, called poor Whites in the Pennsylvania backcountry ‘refuse'" -Leigh, Paul. "Class Is Not Who We Are" In this quote, Benjamin Franklin himself allotted poor people with garbage. Other people did not receive that level of disrespect from anyone.

"Before the American Revolution women were political non-entities." -Akhil Reed Amar, "Women and the Constitution"
This shows that women weren’t taken seriously as citizens of America. Only certain important individuals were considered eligible to vote and if you were a woman back then, then you had no chance of voting.

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cp 1 B | The principle of coverture prevailed at the time the Constitution was written and adopted: a married woman was simply not a person under the law; her legal existence was bound up with that of her husband. | When women own property or if they owned something when they would get married their thing would go to the husband and the husband would have ownership. This also shows how people thought that men should get everything the woman has and the man would get the land and they would have control.
cp 2 C | That tribes possess a nationhood status and retain inherent powers of self-government. | This quote shows how the government thought of American Indians as their own country and not a part of the united states. This also shows that people in America thought that they were so different from them that they shouldn’t be able to be with them in their country.
cp3 B | New Jersey officially denied the vote to black people in 1807. In 1838, the voters of Pennsylvania ratified a new state constitution that explicitly restricted the vote to whites. | The quote shows even though slaves were free they weren't treated as well as white people. So when slaves were to escape they still wouldn’t be treated that good they would still have to face racism and not be able to vote and in the title still be treated badly
cp 4 A | more than half of the White men in Jefferson’s Virginia did not own any land or slaves.  |  this shows how much of the population of early America was poor and could now land and that would mean that they woulde’t be able to vote or be able to do as much as others.

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CP5, Doc. A| ‘Only ‘‘free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity. There was no desire to enfranchise the poor, who were commonly identified as profligate or idle.’
CP1, Doc. B| “married woman was simply not a person under the law; her legal existence was bound up with that of her husband's.”
CP3, Doc. B| “In 1765, of the approximately fifteen hundred black Philadelphians, all but about one hundred were enslaved”
CP3, Doc. B| “Free black residents also faced the persistent threat of mob violence, which was often directed at black abolitionists and at evidence of black economic success or social respectability.”

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CP1 Doc. B | “…many state laws were not gender-neutral”
CP1 Doc. C | “…married women and their daughters were legally subordinate to husbands and fathers…“
CP2 Doc. B | “…Natives would forever be considered “savages” in regards to their future relations with the U.S.“
CP3 Doc. B | “Newly emancipated African Americans from rural areas across the region and beyond saw promise in the burgeoning city. Once there, though, they often found that they were shunted into the lowest paying and least desirable kinds of work.“
CP4 Doc. A | “Thomas Jefferson referred to poor Whites as ‘rubbish’“
CP4 Doc. B | “…the financial sector favored only those people who were able to get into the market early, and those who were already financially sound enough to invest.”

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Doc B- "After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population."

Doc A- "Only people who had freehold landed property sufficient to ensure that they were personally independent and had a vested interest in the welfare of their communities could vote. That qualification normally applied to men who were heads of households, since women were almost by definition dependent, but the right could extend to widows who had become responsible for the family property."

Doc B- "Only ‘‘free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity."

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CP1, A - “Women were political nonentities who couldn’t vote or hold public office, and could not own property when married, all her property became her husbands. Subordanent to their husbands, irrelevant to the political sphere.”

CP2, B - “He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.”

CP3, B - “Once there, though, they often found that they were shunted into the lowest paying and least desirable kinds of work. This was compounded by the fact that Philadelphia was also a magnet for European immigration, creating fierce competition for low-wage work. While white workers found employment in the city’s robust industrial sector, free black people were largely excluded from this sort of work and relegated to employment as physical laborers and in the low-status service economy.”

CP5, B - “Typically, a voter had to be a free, adult, male resident of his county, a member of the predominant religious group, and a "freeholder." A freeholder owned land worth a certain amount of money. Colonists believed only freeholders should vote because only they had a permanent stake in the stability of society”

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CP 1 C
“In this type of social organization, women were not the only dependents denied a voice in running their own affairs or those of the community-servants, sons who had not yet set up their own households, and slaves also had no vote and few responsibilities to the wider community. Since married women and their daughters were legally subordinate to husbands and fathers and were perceived solely as parts of households.”

CP 2 A
“The United States ultimately negotiated, signed and ratified almost 390 treaties with American Indian tribes. Most of these treaties are still valid today. The United States did not give Indian tribes anything for free in these treaties. Instead, the treaties were formal government to government negotiations regarding sales of land and property rights that the tribes owned and that the United States wanted to buy. The United States Supreme Court stated in 1905 that United States and Indian treaties are “not a grant of rights to the Indians, but a grant of rights from them — a reservation of those not granted.” “

CP 3 A
“No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.”

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Cp. 5 A
Only people who had freehold landed property sufficient to ensure that they were personally independent and had a vested interest in the welfare of their communities could vote. That qualification normally applied to men who were heads of households, since women were almost by definition dependent, but the right could extend to widows who had become responsible for the family property.

Cp. 3 A
Article IV, Sec. II, Clause III: The Fugitive Slave Clause (1787)

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.

Cp. 2, B
the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

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Cp 2, B | “ and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.”:
Cp 1, video A |  “They couldn’t vote or hold public office”, " Women were considered subordinate to their husbands politically and legal matters”, and "legally a married woman couldn't own the property once she married” |
Cp 3, Document B | "Free black residents also faced the persistent threat of mob violence, which was often directed at black abolitionists and at the evidence of black economic success or social respectability."

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CP 1, Doc A - “Dower rights, meant to protect a widow's income during her lifetime, were already being ignored increasingly, and so women were in the tough position of not having significant rights to own property”

CP 2, Doc B - “Does the most famous document in American history really state “all Men are created equal,” then hypocritically proclaim right afterward its first inhabitants are “merciless Indian savages”?”

CP 3, Vid B - “And a civil war is what ends slavery. And actually doesn’t necessarily end the subjugation of Black people, but it does end the legal institution of slavery.”

CP 4, Doc B - “Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population.”

CP 5, Doc A - “Only ‘‘free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity. There was no desire to enfranchise the poor, who were commonly identified as profligate or idle. As J. R. Pole suggested, what was significant was not that lots of men could vote but that it was still thought necessary to exclude some, however few, from the polls.”

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cp1 c | But women, even those who as widows assumed economic control of their households, could never take on the political functions of the head of the household.
cp2 b | The last of these complaints, however, is one that reads: He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
cp3 video 1 | They were considered and counted like sheep and horses, So the declaration of indpendence mirrored that. Actually articulating liberty for all, was taken out.
cp4 A | Benjamin Franklin, in the 1700s, called poor Whites in the Pennsylvania backcountry “refuse” and hoped that the forces of nature would weed out malingerers

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CP2, A: ”Thus, while tribal governments sold some of their rights in land, animals, and resources to the United States for payments of money, goods, and promises of peace and security, the tribes held onto or reserved to themselves other lands and property rights that they did not sell in the treaties. The United States Supreme Court has likened these Indian treaties to contracts between “two sovereign nations.”

CP3, A: “Those who had property and power had independence. For the enslaved, they were property. So property doesn’t have rights. Properties were considered and counted like sheep and horses.” “There was no way in which plantations could run without enslaved labor. And so slavery was institutionalized starting with the King’s constitution and each state has its own laws. So in many ways, slavery became worse and the institution became embedded in the country after the Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War than before.“

CP4, B: “To prosper, the new nation needed a financial sector; it needed to issue bonds and get investors to buy its debt. Thanks in part to the advocacy of Alexander Hamilton, the U.S. financial system soon became popular with foreign investors, who were eager to get into the new market. But the financial sector favored only those people who were able to get into the market early, and those who were already financially sound enough to invest.“The wealthy pulled ahead of the rest of society, especially in the cities of the Northeast, on the strength of their savings, access to credit, and capital gains,” the authors of Unequal Gains write.”

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CP1, Doc. C | “As a rule, married women and their daughters were legally subordinate to husbands and fathers and were perceived solely as parts of households.”

CP2, Doc. 1 | “People at that time saw these different native nations as not really part of the US.”

CP3, Doc. 1 | “Those who had property and power also had independence. For the enslaved, they were property and property doesn’t have rights.”

CP4, Doc. A | “Many settlers in the 1600s were regarded as “waste people” in their native England; many others were indentured servants. Benjamin Franklin, in the 1700s, called poor Whites in the Pennsylvania backcountry “refuse” and hoped that the forces of nature would weed out malingerers. Thomas Jefferson referred to poor Whites as “rubbish”

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CP 4, Doc. A: "This expansion (of US voting after the passing of the Constitution) was possible because the right to vote had always been extraordinarily widespread—at least among adult white males— even before the country gained its independence"

CP 4, Doc. A: "Only people who had freehold landed property sufficient to ensure that they were personally independent and had a vested interest in the welfare of their communities could vote. That qualification normally applied to men who were heads of households, since women were almost by definition dependent, but the right could extend to widows who had become responsible for the family property."

CP 4, Doc. B: "Voting fraud and abuses were common in the colonies. Sometimes large landowners would grant temporary freeholds to landless men who then handed the deeds back after voting. Individuals were paid to vote a certain way or paid not to vote at all."

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CP 1, B: “The United States Constitution did not mention women or limit any of its rights or privileges…”

CP 2, B: “the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.”

CP 3, B: “While white workers found employment in the city’s robust industrial sector, free black people were largely excluded from this sort of work and relegated to employment as physical laborers and in the low-status service economy.”

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Checkpoint 1, Document A: “Women did not vote for convention delegates. And women -as women - did not publicly participate in constitutional debates in the press, in pamphlets, and so on.”

Checkpoint 1, Document A: “Since married women and their daughters were legally subordinateto husbands and fathers and were perceived solely as parts of households”

Checkpoint 2, Document A: “Since married women and their daughters were legally subordinateto husbands and fathers and were perceived solely as parts of households”

Checkpoint 2, Document B: “He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.“

Checkpoint 3, Document B: “In 1765, of the approximately fifteen hundred black Philadelphians, all but about one hundred were enslaved.”

Checkpoint 3, Document B: “While white workers found employment in the city’s robust industrial sector, free black people were largely excluded from this sort of work and relegated to employment as physical laborers and in the low-status service economy.”

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CP1, Video A- “legally a married woman could not own the property once she married all her property became the property of her husband”

CP2, Doc. B- “He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages”

CP3, Doc. A- "When a state’s population is counted for purposes of representation in government, and for direct taxation, the enslaved population will be counted as three-fifths of its overall number."

CP4, Doc. B- “But the financial sector favored only those people who were able to get into the market early, and those who were already financially sound enough to invest.“The wealthy pulled ahead of the rest of society, especially in the cities of the Northeast, on the strength of their savings, access to credit, and capital gains,” the authors of Unequal Gains write.”

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(CP2,A): “The last of these complaints, however, is one that reads: He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.”

(CP3,A): “The farmers were aware that the international slave trade would eventually be abolished, if for no other reason than the economy would require it, in order to increase demand of domestic trade. The states received 20 years of autonomy to import slaves as they saw fit before Congress could (and did) abolish the international trade.”

(CP4,B): “Thanks in part to the advocacy of Alexander Hamilton, the U.S. financial system soon became popular with foreign investors, who were eager to get into the new market. But the financial sector favored only those people who were able to get into the market early, and those who were already financially sound enough to invest…”

(CP5,A): “Only ‘free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity. There was no desire to enfranchise the poor, who were commonly identified as profligate or idle. As J. R. Pole suggested, what was significant was not that lots of men could vote but that it was still thought necessary to exclude some, however few, from the polls.”

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Saying all men are eqaul back in the making of the constitution is a false claim. Women were given little rights to men like not being able to vote and native americans were taken advantage of and because they were given little rights and in order for them to get more rights they had to give up or sell their land. black people were given only the rights that their oweners gave them and they worked for free. People that came in from other countries were taken advantage of because if they could not pay for their boat ticket they had to work for free for 8 years in the states so basicly they were temporary a slave. This shows that all men were not created eqaul.

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CP1, B - "As a rule, women did not participate in the conventions that framed and ratified the Constitution. Women did not vote for convention delegates. And women -as women - did not publicly participate in constitutional debates in the press, in pamphlets, and so on."

CP2, B - “[The King] has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.”

CP3, B - “In 1765, of the approximately fifteen hundred black Philadelphians, all but about one hundred were enslaved.”

CP5, B - “Typically, a voter had to be a free, adult, male resident of his county, a member of the predominant religious group, and a "freeholder."

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CP1, A- “…women were in the tough position of not having significant rights to own property.”

CP2, Video A- “The rights and political freedoms from the Declaration of Independence weren’t expanded to native people because it was written by white men who weren’t looking out for other governments or tribes.”

CP3, B- “Free black residents also faced the persistent threat of mob violence.”

CP4, A- “Many settlers in the 1600s were regarded as “waste people” in their native England; many others were indentured servants.”

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Document B - “Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After  eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders.”

Document A - “In 1787 it was estimated that, in the state of Pennsylvania as a whole, upwards of 87.5 percent of adult white males could now vote.”

Document A "Only free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity."

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Article A when it explains, “There was no desire to enfranchise the poor, who were commonly identified as profligate or idle.”

Article B when it states, “Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population.”

Article B when it says, “taxpaying, free, adult males have the right to vote.”

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Document A - "Some colonies excluded propertied people whose civic commitment they suspected—recent arrivals, members of minority religious sects, and racial groups deemed unacceptable. But those most generally excluded were laborers, tenant farmers, unskilled workers, and indentured servants, all of whom were considered to lack a ‘‘stake in society,’’ a permanent interest in the community, and the wherewithal to withstand Corruption…"

Document A - "Only ‘‘free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity. There was no desire to enfranchise the poor, who were commonly identified as profligate or idle. As J. R. Pole suggested, what was significant was not that lots of men could vote but that it was still thought necessary to exclude some, however few, from the polls."

Document B - "Becoming a freeholder was not difficult for a man in colonial America since land was plentiful and cheap. Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders, the colonial electorate consisted of perhaps only 10 percent to 20 percent of the total population."

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Document A:
Only people who had freehold landed property sufficient to ensure that they were personally independent and had a vested interest in the welfare of their communities could vote. That qualification normally applied to men who were heads of households, since women were almost by definition dependent, but the right could extend to widows who had become responsible for the family property.

document A:
The determination to maintain meaningful tests arose from the awareness that broader social and economic trends were actually reducing the proportion of men who owned property. In newly settled areas where land was cheap, 70 or 80 percent of adult white males held enough property to be enfranchised. But in some older areas, notably New England, the limited availability of land and the practice of subdividing family plots among children reduced the number who possessed the minimum estate.

Document B:
Voting fraud and abuses were common in the colonies. Sometimes large landowners would grant temporary freeholds to landless men who then handed the deeds back after voting. Individuals were paid to vote a certain way or paid not to vote at all. Corrupt voting officials would allow unqualified persons to vote while denying legitimate voters the right to cast their ballots. Intimidation and threats, even violence, were used to persuade people how to vote. Ballots were faked, purposely miscounted, "lost," and destroyed.

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Document A: ‘‘free men having a sufficient evident common interest with and attachment to the community’’ deserved the privilege of voting in a republican polity."

Document B: "a voter had to be a free, adult, male resident of his county, a member of the predominant religious group, and a "freeholder." A freeholder owned land worth a certain amount of money."

Document B: "Thus up to 75 percent of the adult males in most colonies qualified as voters. But this voting group fell far short of a majority of the people then living in the English colonies. After eliminating everyone under the age of 21, all slaves and women, most Jews and Catholics, plus those men too poor to be freeholders"