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Falz ("the bahd guy") is one of the most popular Rap/Hip-Hop artists in Nigeria. In 2018, he released his song/video "This is Nigeria", a remake of Childish Gambino's award-winning video "This is America" (2018). In Falz' video there are numerous allusions to some major challenges that contemporary Nigeria is faced with. Use the video, lyrics and explanation to make a list of the problems presented in the video.

- Be prepared to exchange your results with the other groups/ to present your results in class.

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Section_2: 1A_FALZ: THIS IS NIGERIA (video)

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According to your knowledge from the media or people that you know, assign each item to AFRICA or GERMANY.

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Introduction

In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic kingdoms such as Borno, Kano, and the Sokoto Caliphate dominating the north, the Benin and Oyo Empires that controlled much of modern western Nigeria, and more decentralized political entities and city states in the south and southeast. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into a Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria achieved independence in 1960 and transitioned to a federal republic with three constituent states in 1963 under President Nnamdi AZIKIWE. This structure served to enflame regional and ethnic tension, contributing to a bloody coup led by predominately southeastern military officers in 1966 and a countercoup later that year masterminded by northern officers. In the aftermath of this tension, the governor of Nigeria's Eastern Region, centered on the southeast, declared the region independent as the Republic of Biafra. The ensuring civil war (1967-1970), resulted in more than a million deaths, many from starvation. While the war forged a stronger Nigerian state and national identity, it contributed to long-lasting mistrust of the southeast's predominantly Igbo population. Wartime military leader Yakubu GOWON ruled until a bloodless coup by frustrated junior officers in 1975. This generation of officers, including Olusegun OBASANJO, Ibrahim BABANGIDA, and Muhammadu BUHARI, continue to exert significant influence in Nigeria to the present day. Military rule predominated until the first durable transition to civilian government in 1999. The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling (since 1999) People's Democratic Party, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Presidential and legislative elections in 2019 and 2023 were deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria faces increasing violence from Islamic terrorism, largely in the northeast, large scale criminal banditry focused in the northwest, secessionist violence in the southeast, and competition over land and resources nationwide.

Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Geography

about six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California

fresh water lake(s): Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Niger, Chad, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq km
note - area varies by season and year to year

Niger river mouth (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Niger) - 4,200 km
note - [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)

largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest as shown in this population distribution map

People and Society

Nigeria's population is projected to grow from more than 186 million people in 2016 to 392 million in 2050, becoming the world's fourth most populous country. Nigeria's sustained high population growth rate will continue for the foreseeable future because of population momentum and its high birth rate. Abuja has not successfully implemented family planning programs to reduce and space births because of a lack of political will, government financing, and the availability and affordability of services and products, as well as a cultural preference for large families. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families.

Nigeria needs to harness the potential of its burgeoning youth population in order to boost economic development, reduce widespread poverty, and channel large numbers of unemployed youth into productive activities and away from ongoing religious and ethnic violence. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. Immigration largely of West Africans continues to be insufficient to offset emigration and the loss of highly skilled workers. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking.

largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest as shown in this population distribution map

improved: urban: 95.3% of population

rural: 68.8% of population

total: 82.6% of population

unimproved: urban: 4.7% of population

rural: 31.2% of population

total: 17.4% of population (2020 est.)

improved: urban: 81.6% of population

rural: 41.4% of population

total: 62.3% of population

unimproved: urban: 18.4% of population

rural: 58.6% of population

total: 37.7% of population (2020 est.)

Environment

widespread lack of access: due to persistent civil conflict in the northern areas, floods, high food prices, and an economic slowdown - about 25.3 million people are projected to face acute food insecurity during the June to August 2023 lean season; this would be a significant deterioration compared to last year, when 19.45 million people were estimated to be acutely food insecure; acute food insecurity is mostly driven by the deterioration of security conditions and conflicts in northern states, which have led to the displacement of about 3.17 million people as of March 2022 (the latest data available) and are constraining farmers' access to their lands; widespread flooding in 2022, affecting about 4.5 million people across the country, has further compounded conditions, particularly in areas already facing high levels of insecurity; high food prices and the expected slowdown in economic growth in 2023 are additional drivers of acute food insecurity (2023)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 27,614,830 tons (2009 est.)

fresh water lake(s): Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Niger, Chad, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq km
note - area varies by season and year to year

Niger river mouth (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Niger) - 4,200 km
note - [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)

Government

description: bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (360 seats statutory, 258 current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)

elections:

Senate - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)
House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)

election results:

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, PDP 36, LP 8, NNPP 2, SDP 2, YPP 1, APGA 1; composition - men 106, women 3, percent of women 2.75%

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 178, PDP 114, LP 35, NNPP 19, APGA 5, other 7, vacant 2; composition - men 344, women 14, percent of women 3.8%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 3.6%

Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]
Africa Democratic Congress or ADC [Ralph Okey NWOSU]
All Progressives Congress or APC [ Abdullahi ADAMU]
All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor Ike OYE]
Labor Party or LP [Julius ABURE]
Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Iyourchia AYU]
Young Progressive Party or YPP [Bishop AMAKIRI]

Energy

104.494 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 231,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 67.406 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 36.856 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

comparison ranking: total emissions 40

Communications

Transportation

40

civil airports: 8

military airports: 0

joint use (civil-military) airports: 3

other airports: 29

note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the "typical" length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)

Military and Security

Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN): Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force

Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC), Nigeria Police Force (NPF) (2023)

note 1: the NSCDC is a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disasters

note 2: the Office of the National Security Advisor is responsible for coordinating all security and enforcement agencies, including the Department of State Security (DSS), the NSCDC, the Ministry of Justice, and the NPF; border security responsibilities are shared among the NPF, the DSS, the NSCDC, Customs, Immigration, and the Nigerian military

note 3: some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of government security forces

0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
0.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
0.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
0.5% of GDP (2019 est.)
0.5% of GDP (2018 est.)

comparison ranking: 158

the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa's largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into 8 divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army

the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwestern Nigeria are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)

meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships

the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81 st and 82 nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)

the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in the territorial and offshore waters of Nigeria in 2022, down from six attacks in 2021; the offshore waters of the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-008 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 30 June 2023, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea"

Space

has a formal national space program, which is one of the largest in Africa; focused on acquiring satellites for agricultural, environmental, meteorology, mining and disaster monitoring, socio-economic development, and security purposes; designs, builds (mostly with foreign assistance), and operates satellites; processes overhead imagery data for analysis and sharing; developing additional capabilities in satellite and satellite payload production, including remote sensing (RS) technologies; researching rockets and rocket propulsion systems with goal of launching domestically produced satellites into space from a Nigerian spaceport by 2030; has relations and/or cooperation agreements with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Ghana, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, the US, and Vietnam; has a government-owned satellite company and a small commercial aerospace sector (2023)

note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country's space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s): Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - West Africa; Jama'atu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T

Transnational Issues

Nigeria-Benin: none identified

Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chad's evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation

Nigeria-Niger: none identified

Nigeria is a major hub for transnational drug trafficking networks entrenched throughout the world and supplying cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; also exporting massive quantities of opioids such as tramadol and captagon along with crack cocaine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

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In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic kingdoms such as Borno, Kano, and the Sokoto Caliphate dominating the north, the Benin and Oyo Empires that controlled much of modern western Nigeria, and more decentralized political entities and city states in the south and southeast.

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What are the benefits of using fiction as a source for learning ?

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What are the benefits of using fiction as a source for learning ?

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Why should literature be considered as a source for
learning ? Where does Ndibe see limitations ?

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What are the benefits of using fiction as a source for learning? - Choices Program

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What are the benefits of using fiction as a source for learning?

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Bezirksregierung Arnsberg

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In the first minute of this interview world-famous Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie reacts so the question: "Does Nigeria have book stores ?"
1) Explain why the question is so embarrasing.
2) Think of equally stereotypical questions a German/European writer might be asked in Africa.

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African Writer Chimamanda React to Racist Question 'Does Nigeria Have Bookstores?'

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0:00 / 7:47•Watch full video

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3 Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria:Peculiarities, Customs, and Traditions

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The video clip was produced in 2013 shortly after Chebe passed away. Take notes on Achebe´s significance for African literature, his use of the English language and topics dealt with in his work.

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Remembering Nigerian author Chinua Achebe

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Prof Frauke Matz (University of Münster)

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Prof Frauke Matz (University of Münster)

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Background info to Falz "This is Nigeria" 

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Background info to Falz "This is Nigeria" 

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Yahoo Yahoo don tear everywhere now / And we act like it’s so cool / Casting the P, I’m being castigated just for trying to be noble

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“Yahoo yahoo” is a Nigerian slang for internet fraud. Falz who has been vocal against Nigerian musicians hyping fraudsters, even releasing a song—“Confirm”—denouncing fraudsters, has been criticised for it. Nigerian Celebrity designer, Noble Igwe, also criticised fraudsters and tried to expose fro…

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Poem " I am a Nigerian" by Nkiru Asika presented by Hollywood actor Hakeem Kae-Kazeem

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Poem " I am a Nigerian" by Nkiru Asika presented by Hollywood actor Hakeem Kae-Kazeem

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Which impression of Nigeria is created in the poem ? How does the performance of the actor support this image ?

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The video was produced by "Comic Relief", a charity organization founded by famous British comedians.  "Red Nose Day" is held every year to raise money for developing countries. Watch the video and take notes on:
- Peache´s story
- the image of Africa presented in the clip
- the purpose of the clip

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Ed Sheeran meets Peaches in Liberia | Red Nose Day 2017

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A fun way to get comprehensive knowledge (18:40 min)

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A fun way to get comprehensive knowledge (18:40 min)

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Childish Gambino - This Is America (Official Video)

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The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News

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Over the past few weeks, a reading and video of a poem I AM A NIGERIAN has been circulating on social media without attribution. It has been sent to me several times, both in video and in text form as Author Unknown. I think it is important first to identify myself publicly as the author of said poem and to talk about why I believe this poem resonates now more than ever.

I wrote the poem I AM A NIGERIAN back in 2006 spurred by three key influences - first, the then Federal Government's Heart of Africa rebranding campaign; second, the video of Thabo Mbeki 's 1996 speech I am an African; third and above all, my late father Ukpabi Asika, an unflinching nationalist, whose decision to accept the seemingly suicidal role of Administrator of East Central State at the height of the Civil War in 1967, was summed up in his words: "I am a Nigerian. I was born a Nigerian...and I hope to die a Nigerian."

Despite the current cacophony of ethnic jingoism and secessionism, I believe that the vast majority of people in this country consider themselves to be first and foremost Nigerians. The tired refrain that Nigeria is an artificial construct foisted on us by the British is clichéd and frankly, not helpful. We cannot wind back the hands of time and simply realign along tribal lines. Nor can we undo the commingling that has gone on for generations and that has enriched us socially, economically, culturally and politically. I take my own family as an example.

My father was an Onitsha indigene, who was born and spent his formative years in Barkin Ladi, Jos, attended secondary school in Benin and university in Ibadan. His mother Rebecca, also from Onitsha, grew up largely in Fulani-land and spoke fluent Fufulde. His "second mother" was his step-grandmother Aishetu from Yola who his grandfather met and married in Kano and brought to Onitsha. When my father went to pursue a Master's Degree in the US, he met and married my mother, a fellow post-graduate student who hailed from Owerri but had spent her teenage years in Uyo and Lagos. In their marital home, their close friends came from all across Igboland as well as from Yola, Taraba, Jos, Ijebu, Warri, Abeokuta, Benin and beyond. Today, my children are Yoruba, my sister's children are Kalabari and my brother's wife claims roots in both Lagos and Katsina. I do not believe this diversity in our family is so unique.

The historical performance record of our political leaders has been stunningly sub-par, but we the people should not now abdicate our own duty of responsible citizenship. We must not allow rogue politicians and power-hungry demagogues to appeal to our basest emotions or to convince us that people of another tribe or another religion are the source of all our problems. This is lowest common denominator programming at its worst. If we choose to buy into such messages, we do so at our peril.

Nevertheless, our Government must also have the courage and sensitivity to recognize that the Nigerian polity has not been as inclusive to some ethnic groups as to others, and that there are real political grievances and socio-economic discrepancies. I believe wholeheartedly in Nigeria. But I believe that Nigeria will be better served with a structure based on true federalism, devolution of power, resource control and responsible and compassionate leadership.

I wrote the poem I AM A NIGERIAN to celebrate what is unique about us - our diversity, our culture, our national identity. We are known the world over - not as Igbos or Hausas, Yorubas or Fulanis - but as Nigerians. Internationally, we are simultaneously respected and vilified, envied and criticized. We are not some no-name people from some no-name nation. For better and for worse, we have made our presence felt. And in an age where every country struggles to become more globally competitive, we cannot afford to embark on a trajectory of reductionism.

I AM A NIGERIAN is a call for us not only to love Nigeria but to cherish her. I hope that this poem inspires pride in our country and reminds us of the brotherhood and community we share with the other 180 million individuals born under the Nigerian flag. Above all, I hope that this poem helps to counter the hateful rhetoric of those who seek to divide us. We cannot let them change the narrative of who we have been, who we are and who we hope to be. God bless the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
* Nkiru Asika writes from Lagos. She is a Nigerian.

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Over the past few weeks, a reading and video of a poem I AM A NIGERIAN has been circulating on social media without attribution. It has been sent to me several times, both in video and in text form as Author Unknown.

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Watch the video and take notes:
- the image of Norway presented in the video clip
- the purpose of the video clip
Compare the 

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Use the slide show mode not the video mode

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the federal republic of nigeria: colonialism to modern country

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The Federal Republic of Nigeria: Colonialism to Modern Country - ppt video online download

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Early Nigerian History Original "countries" were based on ethnic groups: Hausa-Fulani - strong central government Igbo - independent villages Yoruba - local village governments and central king lots of smaller ethnic groups Currently over 250 ethnic groups. Hausa/Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo 18%

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Background on Childish Gambino´s video "This is America"

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Background on Childish Gambino´s video "This is America"

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The music video for "This is America" capped an important weekend for Donald Glover.

Glover released the 4-minute opus under his musical alter-ego Childish Gambino, after performing the song on NBC's "Saturday Night Live." It launched a storm of conversation on social media and quickly became one of the most trending videos on YouTube.

Like much of Glover's work, "This is America" is cryptic and loaded with shocking imagery and metaphor. The track's tone swerves from happy-go-lucky psalmic readings to more alarming verses. In typical Glover fashion, he dismissed close readings of his work in an interview at the Met Gala Monday night.

"I just wanted to make a good song," Glover told E!. "Like something that people could play on Fourth of Julys."

Directed by his frequent "Atlanta" collaborator Hiro Murai and choreographed by Sherrie Silver, the music video touches on gun violence, the precarious state of black bodies in the US, and how we've historically used entertainment to distract us from pervasive cultural and political problems. But the music video's iconoclastic images and many layers deserve close examination to fully parse.

Here are 24 things you may have missed.

Less than a minute in, Gambino strikes a pose and kills a guitarist with a bag over his head.

It happens just as the video drastically shifts from a cheerful to aggressive tone.

Some initially believed the guitarist was Tracy Martin, the father of slain teen Trayvon Martin. But he's actually played by Calvin Winbush, a Los Angeles-based musician and actor.

He's shirtless for a reason.

Glover's exposed torso is there to remind us that he is black and vulnerable, according to Yahoo's Ken Tucker.

"Glover wants to remind us that violence is committed against black bodies like his with some regularity and with no heed to whether the body in question is that of a celebrity or an ordinary citizen," Tucker writes.

Notice the buttons on his pants?

Glover's clothing choices are also loaded with meaning. As one Twitter user suggested, Glover's pants seem inspired by a particular pair of trousers worn by Confederate soldiers . And his yellow shoes may also be a reference to canvas shoes worn by Confederate soldiers.

Glover's garments are a reminder of the historical violence inflicted upon African-Americans, and his dancing serves to highlight the ways we're continually distracted from that history.

Once again, the gun is whisked away with care on a red cloth.

Even after the Roof massacre, the United States failed to pass a single law restricting gun ownership.

Glover may be sending a message about how the US prioritizes the protection of guns over the protection of black bodies. Glover moves fluidly from violent act to violent act, just as America does with mass shootings.

Someone commits suicide in the background.

As Glover and the kids are dancing, someone leaps off the railing and apparently commits suicide. The images of smiling, dancing black children nod to the ways that black cultural production is often commodified and appropriated by white audiences.

Throughout the video, Glover's dancing serves as a distraction from the awful things happening around him. He and the kids around him seem to be performing a variation on the Gwara Gwara, a South African dance Rihanna famously performed at the Grammys this year.

Glover seems to be saying that America uses entertainment provided by its black celebrities as a distraction from the death and violence it forces on its black citizens. It also sends a message about the ways that the lives of black Americans are often devalued in our culture. As Vibe writer Bianca Salvant notes, "It is relevant to ask why their bodies are worth more on a field or court than on the streets of America."

He raps "This is a celly/That's a tool."

As he raps those verses, the camera pans up to show multiple kids holding cell phones.

The line could have multiple meanings.

The next verse, "On my Kodak," referring to the film brand, could refer to how the proliferation of cellphones allows people to capture images of police violence.

It could also be a reference to the March 18 police shooting of Stephon Clark, an unarmed black man holding a cell phone.

Or it could refer to prison cells - the warehouse where the music video takes place somewhat resembles a prison - which are used as tools of oppression.

Death gallops by on a white horse.

The image appears to be a reference to verse 6:8 in the Book of Revelation, the last book in the New Testament. In the King James translation, it goes like this:

And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given to them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.

A police car follows death on the horse, perhaps symbolizing the tacit connection between police violence and death for black Americans.

After pretending to open fire, there are 17 seconds of silence, possibly for the victims of the Parkland shooting.

Glover poses as if he's about to kill the children who were dancing around him, but he isn't actually holding a gun.

The song comes to a halt, and Glover strikes up a joint to smoke. There are 17 seconds of silence, which some on Reddit interpret as a moment of respect for the 17 victims of the February shooting at a high school in Parkland, Florida.

The ending of the video draws comparisons to "Get Out."

The final scene of the video shows Glover running from what seems to be white riot police officers.

Some people understood it as him running from "The Sunken Place" from "Get Out," a metaphysical place that holds the black consciousness while a white mind takes over a black person's body.(When Glover performed the song on "Saturday Night Live," "Get Out" star Daniel Kaluuya introduced him.) It could be read as Glover trying to escape simply being a body to be used by white people for distraction.

Another reading understands it as Glover as a slave running through the woods, which may hold a similar metaphorical meaning.

And some viewers read the scene as being directly connected to the pause in the video where Glover lights a joint. In the end, Glover says, police care more about black men using drugs than gun violence. And it's an especially prescient message when, according to the NAACP, "African-Americans represent 12.5% of illicit drug users, but 29% of those arrested for drug offenses and 33% of those incarcerated in state facilities for drug offenses."

Keep reading

More: Features Music Childish Gambino YouTube

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24 things you may have missed in Childish Gambino's 'This is America' music video

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The music video for "This is America" capped an important weekend for Donald Glover. Glover released the 4-minute opus under his musical alter-ego Childish Gambino, after performing the song on NBC's "Saturday Night Live." It launched a storm of conversation on social media and quickly became one of the most trending videos on YouTube.

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Precolonial literature and postcolonial literature in comparison - Part I: Things fall apart

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C.N. Adichie, The danger of a single story - short version (4 min)

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C.N. Adichie, The danger of a single story - short version (4 min)

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Take notes on the main ideas/line of argument presented.
Make sure you can present your results in class.

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Chimamanda Adichie The danger of a single story 3 min cut

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Use the slide show mode not the video mode

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Nigeria - Modern Challenges - ppt download

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Watch the video(s) and take notes on the following items:
- WHAT? (various aspects of Nigeria/Lagos)

- HOW? (the image of Nigeria/Lagos presented;

intentions of the producers of the videos)
Be prepared to present your results in class.

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Precolonial literature and postcolonial literature in comparison - Part II: Purple Hibiscus

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7 films to watch for a Netflix and Nollywood weekend

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The charms of the Nigerian film industry await to liven up your viewing queue.

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C. N. Adichie, The danger of a single story - long version (20 min)

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C. N. Adichie, The danger of a single story - long version (20 min)

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Chimamanda Adichie The danger of a single story 3 min cut

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Take notes on the founder of black lives matter Opal Tometti.
Report about :
- her family background
- relationship to Nigeria
- situation in the USA
- causes for starting BLM

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Opal Tometi: How Nigeria helped inspire #BlackLivesMatter - BBC Africa

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Transscript The danger of a single story - short version

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Transscript The danger of a single story - short version

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(Possible pre-viewing task before dealing with the video "This is Naija".)
Read BBC presenter Bilkisu Labaran’s article on ‘Naija’ and find out about

· the origin,

· meaning

· and significance

of the term in Nigeria.

- Do not forget to take down some notes.

- Be prepared to present your results in class.

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Bilkisu Labaran BBC Focus on Africa presenter

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Many Nigerians refer to their country as Naija, which they say embodies the mixed feelings of pride and frustration they feel towards their motherland, writes the BBC’s Bilkisu Labaran.

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An interview with creator Nicole Amarteifio

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An African City has been dubbed " ," but it really has a flavor and a following all its own. Creator Nicole Amarteifio is passionate about telling African stories that are relatable to Africans, and to a whole wide world. She started An African City as a free series on YouTube, and now uses Vimeo OTT to sell both seasons directly to fans on their website. And that worldwide fandom is growing: An African City already has customers from over 30 countries.

The series' success is a great example of how video makers can build a business by growing their audience - and their viewers' commitment - first . We sat down with Nicole to chat direct distribution, her release strategy, and more.
Vimeo OTT: What inspired you to create this series?
Nicole Amarteifio: I was tired of the single narrative of Africa, of the African woman. The narrative was always wrapped in war, poverty, famine. The story of An African City highlights another world that exists on the continent. It's a story that shows that African stories can also be universal stories.
How did you build your initial fan base?
We aired the first season on YouTube and used Facebook and Twitter to help market our content. And, that was it. The visibility was great. However, the monetary value, not so much. So, we tried to encourage our YouTube fans to support us on our monetized Vimeo OTT website. And, they did! We made more in a 24 hour period on Vimeo OTT than we did our two years - and two million views - on YouTube. Grateful to YouTube for the visibility, grateful to Vimeo OTT for allowing a content creator like me to turn a hobby into a business.
Why do you think so many fans who watched season 1 for free were willing to pay for season 2?
They saw City as more than just a show, they saw it as a movement. A movement to highlight an Africa that the world doesn't show you. A movement they wanted to support, encourage, and be part of.
What was your marketing plan for promoting season 2?
We uploaded the Season 2 trailer on YouTube as well as the first four minutes of the first episode of Season 2. We then highlighted the Vimeo OTT link (using ), where online viewers could then click to tune in and purchase Season 2, with new episodes available each following Sunday.
How did pre-orders factor into your strategy?
We uploaded the Season 2 trailer onto YouTube two weeks before we released the first episode. This allowed for fans to pre-order Season 2 two weeks before the actual launch. The pre-order sales option was very helpful. It gave our fans a sense of ownership prior to launching.
Why did you decide to release a new episode each week vs releasing the complete season all at once?
This is a journey we are trying to go on with our fans. It's a journey of mutual engagement - a two way conversation. We're not trying to have a one-night stand, we are trying to build a long-term relationship. A 13-week run helps build that relationship.
Why did you decide to distribute directly to fans?
Some of the financial offers by other VOD platforms seemed way too low. Glad I went with my gut instinct - we made more than 1000x those offers. Self-distribution made us truly see the monetary value our fans place on the show, which gives us better leverage with networks in the future. Self-distribution gave us the data we needed to be more informed during future negotiations. Content creators are usually at a disadvantage because they don't have they data they need, with Vimeo OTT I now have about our audiences and our monetary worth.
What do you like to watch?
Big supporter of Black & Sexy TV ! That platform introduced me to Vimeo OTT!
What are your plans for the future? Another season? Additional series?
Yes, many more shows! This summer we're shooting the pilot episode of The Republic - think Scandal set in West Africa. Can't wait! Stay tuned!
What's the best piece of advice you'd give to a fellow creator launching a series?
Listen to your gut!

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How "An African City" is bringing African stories to a digital audience - Vimeo Blog

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An African City has been dubbed "the African Sex and the City," but it really has a flavor and a following all its own. Creator Nicole Amarteifio is passionate about telling African stories that are relatable to Africans, and to a whole wide world.

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Video "This is Naija"  about Nigerian football.

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Video "This is Naija"  about Nigerian football.

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The unifying force of football in Nigeria - Interview with w. Boer, text

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The unifying force of football in Nigeria - Interview with w. Boer, text

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( Possible pre-viewing task for the video interview)
Before you watch the video 'The unifying force of football in Nigeria' read the interview with Wiebe Boer, author of the book 'A story of Heroes and Epics: A History of Football in Nigeria (1904 - 1960) and collect information about the author Wiebe Boer as well as some major aspects of the contents of his book. Do not forget to write down some notes.

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Born in the Northern part of Nigeria to Dutch missionary parents, the C.EO of All On; an off-grid investment company, Wiebe Boer, is as Nigerian as they come. Despite being denied citizenship even after staying 16 years in Nigeria, his love for the country is yet to wane. In this exclusive interview with THISDAY, Boer, who is also an author and historian, sheds light on his Nigerian background, and his recently published book on 'The History of Football in Nigeria'. Sunday Ehigiator brings excepts
Who is Wiebe Boer?
My name is Wiebe Boer. For my day job, I am the CEO of 'All On'; an off grid energy investment company here in Nigeria funded by Shell. For my 'side hustle', I am a historian and author of the book 'The History of Football in Nigeria'.

How was your upbringing ?

I was born and brought up in the Northern part of Nigeria to Dutch missionary parents. My father and mother came to Taraba State, Nigeria, in 1966 as missionaries to spread the gospel and engage with the Nigerian church and leadership. They consciously taught us Hausa and not Dutch because they wanted us to connect with Nigeria and Nigerians.
You authored the book 'The History of Football in Nigeria', what inspired you into writing such a historical piece?
I did my PhD in History at Yale University with a dual focus on West African Colonial History and African Religious History. My doctoral dissertation was actually on the topic, which the book is about. It was looking at sports and social life in colonial Nigeria and the social interaction between the colonial state and Nigerians that happened on the margins So it looked at everything; from cricket to polo, to every other sport and social interaction you can imagine - including social clubs and then how eventually football became the most popular sport in Nigeria.

I have also written quite a few articles over time on a variety of topics ranging from conflict resolution, land rights, religious history and more. There is also a book called 'Football in Africa' where I wrote a chapter on Nigeria. I have also co-edited a book titled 'Africans Investing in Africa'. So that's quite a variety, but this is the full book that I authored myself.
You mentioned having a background in history and particularly doing a PhD in African History at Yale. What fueled your interest in that field?
I was born here; I grew up here and spent my whole upbringing here in Nigeria. Being born in Nigeria does not give a foreigner any rights to citizenship. You have to live in the country for 16 years consecutively before you can apply. When I turned 16, I went to the Immigration Office at the Federal Secretariat in Jos to start the process, but was denied before it really even started.

So it was at that point that I realised I have spent all my life here but I'm not actually considered to be from here. So that led me on the journey to say to myself, "look, I want to study the history and understand Nigeria so well that, even if I'm not given the right to be a Nigerian, I know more about Nigeria than anyone else". So that was the impetus.
Hope you have gotten the citizenship now?
No I haven't gotten it. I left Nigeria for a period and have not been back yet for 16 years to restart the process.
Why the focus on sport in Nigeria?
When I was looking for a topic to write my doctoral dissertation on, I asked every Nigerian I met for the first two years of my graduate school, what was one thing about Nigeria that is positive, national, unifying and historical. The only answer that I ever received from anyone regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, religion, socio economic class, etc. was always just football.

The only thing we have in common in Nigeria is football. The only thing positive, national and unifying is football. So I took that as a mandate and decided that's the story I wanted to tell how something so foreign became so central to Nigeria's unified national identity. There is not even a major Nigerian language that has an indigenous word for ball. So football doesn't connect to something from the pre-colonial times. It is something so foreign but within such a short time, it became so popular and localised to the point where it became something that people would say, this is what brings us together. So I wanted to trace the story of how that happened.

But really, it was a way to tell a story of Nigerian history that is about positivity. Something we had in common because most history that Nigerians study is about why we are different, how we don't get along, etc. But football is actually something that we all have in common. It is a history that we share. That was why I wanted to do that.
Against the backdrop that Nigerians don't see something the way an outsider would see them, how do you think they would view this book?
I think in terms of the view of the public on social media there has been a lot of comments that I've seen where people say, Oh! They see this book written about Nigerian history of football in Nigeria, but it's written by an 'Oyinbo guy', and 'why is an Oyinbo guy writing our history?', 'why can't we write it ourselves?'

The questions are kind of a strange because, anyone should be free to write anything about anything they want to, be they foreigners or not. If a Nigerian wrote the history of the Netherlands; the country my parents are from, I don't think anyone would ask why a Nigerian is writing the history of the Netherlands. So it was a very strange thing. But what often happens is when people make those comments then others will reply to them and say, do you even know who this person is? He was born in Nigeria; he has lived here longer than you.

It's an interesting question that people usually asked though, but the reality is, the fact that I'm very familiar with Nigeria and I've lived here so long, and still considered an outsider, makes me have a different perspective. I have enough knowledge and familiarity of the country to write a story that was clearly from the perspective of someone who knew the length and breadth of this nation very deeply.

At the same time, as an outsider, I have a very national view and I don't have any particular agenda other than to tell a positive and unifying story of Nigeria. I think one positive thing about writing as an outsider is that you can be free to write without biases that one that belongs might otherwise have. Some Nigerians probably cheer for the Super Eagles and have no idea where it all started from. That is the story this book tells.
Is this a kind of book that promotes the cultural heritage of Nigeria?
This book is focused on football and since football is not traditional to Nigeria, it doesn't necessarily. It however does draw more insight on the heritage of our heroes in that every one of Nigeria's founding fathers is mentioned in the book in some way or the other. They all had a role to play and then it does talk about how Nigerians took the game and made it their own. Maybe Nigerians changed the way the British may have wanted them to play in an overly structured way and they learnt how to play it in a more dynamic way. But for the most part, it's not necessarily about Nigerian traditional heritage.
Does it capture the under celebrated or uncelebrated football heroes of Nigeria?
Yes, it captures the heroes during the colonial period which ended in 1960. Many of them were actually national leaders like Nnamdi Azikiwe who was a useful footballer; he played football in his secondary school in Lagos. He played for a team in Lagos and won the Lagos league in the 1920s. He then went to become the captain of the Lincoln University football team in the US.

He came back eventually, and started something called the Zik's Athletic Clubs. He wasn't allowed to be part of the white European clubs. He also wanted to join the Yoruba tennis club but they wouldn't let him because he was Igbo and he said but I'm a Nigerian so why does it matter? Afterwards, He started a network of clubs across Nigeria called Zik's Athletics' Clubs (Z.A.C). Basically, every major city in Nigeria had them. And in those clubs, there would be football pitches, facilities for people to play a variety of sports, and so on. And it was purposefully set up so that any Nigerian could participate regardless of where they were from and.

During World War II, Zik took the best football players from those clubs and created one team, and then took them all around Nigeria playing matches across the nation. They played matches against local sides in cities all over the country. And then after the match, he would give a speech about some kind of anti-colonial and pro-independence theme. But because the purpose of the matches was to raise money for the War Fund, the colonial officials would be standing right next to him, even while he was talking against them and they couldn't do anything about it. It was a brilliant form of anti-colonial protest.

He continued to have a big role in football and when he was inaugurated as Governor General in November, 1960, the Egyptian national team came to play the Nigerians national team. There were also football games all over the nation to celebrate his inauguration.

Others like Awolowo were also involved in football and played the game when they were younger. Tafawa Balewa was the chairman of the Referees Association. Ahmadu Bello was an Eton Fives player, but still promoted football throughout the North, both as Minister of Public Works and then as Premier of the Northern Region.
Give a summary of the major chapters of the book?
The first chapter is about how football started in Calabar. It was first played in Nigeria in Calabar in 1904 after being introduced by Presbyterian missionaries. Initially, the way Nigeria was structured in colonial times was like this: Lagos was a colony and then there was a separate Southern Protectorate which was headquartered in Calabar, then the Northern Protectorate which was initially headquartered in Lokoja, and then Zungeru and then eventually Kaduna.

In 1906, the capital of Southern Nigeria was moved to Lagos. So what happened then is football had started there and when all the officials and everything moved to Lagos, they also brought it with them to Lagos.

So basically it started in Calabar. Then, it went to Lagos and really took off in Lagos; in the schools, in the companies and in the government agencies like the public works department, the Marine Department, the railway, all of these now had their own football teams. Others included the police and the regiment as well as trading companies. So it was through those institutions that football went from Lagos and Calabar to the rest of Nigeria and became a national phenomenon.

Chapter two is Lagos. Chapter three is about how it went through the whole nation and how it became more organised following the formation of the Nigerian Football Association in 1933. Then there's a chapter on how football spread through school sports and how school sports also helped to create interaction for Nigerians across the nation.

In those days, people didn't travel that much. So if you are from what is now called Western Nigeria, you may not have even met people from the East. But through football, Christ the King teams would come to Lagos and play King's College and so through that you would actually get to know each other.

And then there's a chapter on the World War II tours that I talked about above. There is also a chapter about what was called The Governor's Cup. The Governor's Cup is what is now known as the Aeteo Cup, which is the Federation Cup; the FA Cup for Nigeria. The cup started in 1945. It was donated by the governor of the colonial government, Arthur Richards. At the time he donated the trophy it was basically just a Lagos event. By the end of the 1940s it was teams all over the country. By 1951 a team from Plateau Province actually made the final. In 1952 a team from Kano won. So quite quickly it actually became national in scope and it has continued to be so every year since 1945. It is the longest surviving tournament in Nigeria.

And what happened with that tournament is very quickly within a decade. If you look at the number of communities that were participating, it showed how interconnected Nigeria was, the kinds of small towns that were having teams in the tournament showed how broadly football had spread by then.

Then there is a chapter on the 1949 UK Tourist team where a selection of 18 players from around Nigeria represented the country for the first time. They had a series of seven matches against amateur clubs in England. Considering it was the best 18 of Nigeria and they were playing amateur clubs in England and only won two games, showed that the quality of Nigeria football was still not that high, though the tour created a lot of excitement.

The team was made up of 18 players; nine of them were graduates of Hope Waddell Training Institute in Calabar, that's where football was first played in Nigeria. Among the 18, there was only one from the North, his name was John Dankaro. He was from what is now Taraba State but he grew up in Plateau and actually was a star footballer for the Tin Mines. His brother was Sunday Dankaro, who in the 70s and 80s was the chairman of the Nigerian Football Association.

Thunder Balogun was also on that team and then Etim Henshaw was the captain.. There was a guy named Titus Okere who in 1952 signed for Swindon Town in England and became Nigeria's first professional football player overseas. But he actually wasn't very good and he couldn't even make the first team for Swindon Town which was in the Second Division. So it kind of shocked Nigeria to think that their better player was really struggling.

Thunder Balogun then went to England and played for Queens Park Rangers. He was the first Nigerian to score against Arsenal. He actually played quite well, but then he got injured. And then, he eventually became a coach. In the 1950s, you had those guys who were going to Europe.

Then there is a chapter on the last decade of colonialism and how matches against the Gold Coast and other countries helped create a sort of national identity for Nigeria. There is also a chapter on women's football and how they have been far more successful internationally than their male counterparts.

The final chapter is on football and independence. There was a lot that happened as regards football at independence. There was a tournament that was organized, and they built what is now the National Stadium in Surulere, Lagos. The initial version of that was built for independence. There was a tournament that involved Mali, Ghana and one other country in Nigeria. It was a small tournament to celebrate independence and so football had become a big deal.

Nigeria joined FIFA in 1959ctually before the country became independent.
The chapter on women's football, is it also historical?
Yes, it's a bit different though because organised women's football didn't start until 1989. In colonial times, the British colonial government actually didn't allow organised women's football because they said women shouldn't play football. It was actually illegal to host women's football games on football pitches that were recognised by the Nigerian Football Association. And the referees from the Referees Association couldn't ref games with women.

But in any case, even though for the women, they didn't officially become a recognised sport until 1989 by 1991, they were in the World Cup. They actually developed and have been more successful than even the men.
Are there other things you would also want us to take cognisance of about the book?
A lot of people, when they look at the book, they see how thoroughly researched it is and most people think that there isn't a historical record in Nigeria to use to write proper history. But what I found when I was doing my research is that we actually have very good archival material. And so any topic that someone wants to write on Nigerian history, the materials are all there.

We have National Archives. There's one here in Lagos, there are others in Enugu, Ibadan, and Kaduna, the three former regional capitals and they are all fantastic in terms of the archival materials available. . They have records of everything. So if you wanted to find out how did the royal family of your hometown come to be, and then you'll find it may be in the provincial report of 1929. There will be something that you can find out about. So everything is there. I have used it to tell the story of football in Nigeria, but you can actually use the materials there to tell any historical stories about Nigeria and people should try and do that.
I am forced to ask how long it took you to do this research work?
The actual research and writing you know was for my doctorate. So you basically spend a year for research and then a year for writing. Often, the year of research takes that long because it's so hard to find the materials. But I actually was able to do most of the research in three months. Because first, I was so excited about the topic, and secondly, there was just so much there. And so I actually had to say, Okay, 'I have enough materials, I need to stop'.

But yes, it took about two years. I basically finished my PhD, started my career and then waited 15 years before I published the book with the help of my editor Kunle Kas and the publisher of Bookcraft in Ibadan.
Did it in any way take you outside the country to research or is the research locally grounded?
At Yale University where I was studying, they have digital copies of every Nigerian newspaper from 1860. So I looked at every Nigerian newspaper from 1860 to 1960.

And then, I spent time in Oxford. Oxford has a great archive of the personal papers of former colonial officials and missionaries in Nigeria. So I used that and then I came to Nigeria and traveled all over Nigeria; for the archives, but then also to meet and learn from the old players like Etim Henshaw and Justin Onwudiwe.
Who and who is the book targeted to?
It is targeted basically to everyone in Nigeria. Not necessarily just football fans. In fact, you just have to be someone who loves Nigeria and is interested in Nigeria; it's a story of Nigeria that happens to be about football. So it is targeted to every Nigerian and anyone interested in Nigeria and loves Nigeria.

People could be quick to assume it is focused on people who love football. But someone who doesn't have that much interest in football but is interested in the story of Nigeria would still find the book appealing.
Any final word?
If you are a Nigerian, love Nigeria, or interested in anything related to Nigeria, it's a book you must read. Ensure to get a copy from any major bookshop around you. It's also available online from Roving Heights, Konga, Jumia, and Amazon.

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Wiebe Boer: Son of Dutch Missionary Parents, Nigerian at Heart

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Born in the Northern part of Nigeria to Dutch missionary parents, the C.EO of All On; an off-grid investment company, Wiebe Boer, is as Nigerian as they come. Despite being denied citizenship even after staying 16 years in Nigeria, his love for the country is yet to wane.

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Interview with W. Boer, videoclip (24:41 min)

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Interview with W. Boer, videoclip (24:41 min)

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Watch the interview with Wiebe Boer and find out about

Aspect of Contents Playing Time

- Wiebe Boer on the social and political role of football in Nigeria 0:00 - 2:50

- the role of football in colonial times 6:35 - 8:10

- football and other sports (Why did football become more popular than e.g. cricket?) 8:10 - 10:30

- the role of Nnamdi Azikiwe 10:30 - 13:16

- British colonialism and sports 13:34 - 17:10

- the unifying force of football in

today's process of nation-building 17:10 - 19:40

- the role of women's football 19:40 - 22:22

-------------------------------------

Post-viewing activity

- Create a time line of the development of Nigerian football including references to major social and political events.

OR

- Write a profile on Nnamdi Azikiwe.

OR

- Create a poster that wants to attract new players to a women’s football team.

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The unifying force of football in Nigeria

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Watch the videos and take notes on the problem of codeine cough syrup addiction in Nigeria. Focus on:

- causes and effects

- the drug trade

- measures to fight the addiction

> Be prepared to present your results in class.

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Chained up ‘to cure cough-syrup addiction’ - BBC News

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Nigeria Drug Problem: Abuse of cough medicine containing codeine

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Watch the videos and take down notes on the following items:

- the effects of oil production in Nigeria on the environment

- the effects on Nigerian society

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Nigeria Dirty Oil Fact Trailer | VICE on HBO

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Shell companies in Nigeria: Over 50 years of operations

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Nigerian Oil and the Disappearing Money | Start Here

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Nigerian Oil and the Disappearing Money | Start Here

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Watch the video about the latest protests in Lagos, Nigeria (December 2020). While watching take down notes on the background (causes, effects etc.) of these protests.

- Be prepared to present your results in class.

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Nigerians protesting police brutality bring Lagos to standstill