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Chromatic Aberration, also known as 'color fringing', is a common optical problem that occurs when a lens is either unable to bring all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane, and/or when wavelengths of color are focused at different positions in the focal plane.

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The visual effect produced when an image has a limited number f tones or colors rather than gradations of tone and color.

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An error or distortion created in a digital image that usually appears as a jagged outline.

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JPEG Artifacts are caused by compression when an image is saved in the .jpg format. Each time an image is saved in this format it is compressed and "non-essential" is discarded. The result is that an image can suffer from blockiness, noise, and color degradation.

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A Barrel Lens distortion is an effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles. This effect causes the image to spherize, which means that the edges of the photo loo curved and bowed to the human eye. It almost appears as though the photo image has been wrapped around a curved surface.

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A distortion in which the image of a straight line appears to be curved convexly toward the axis.

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2

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A full-frame camera is a camera with a full-frame sensor. This is an image sensor that's the same size as the sensor of an analog camera. The biggest advantage of a full-frame camera is that it has no crop factor.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Crop Factor is the ratio of the sensor size to 35mm / full-frame (see below). You take the provided crop factor number, multiply it with the focal length of the lens and you get the equivalent focal length relative to 35mm film / full-frame

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Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

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Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

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Byte: The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.

Kilobyte: A unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

Megabyte: A unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

Gigabyte: A unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

Terabyte: A unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or, strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around 1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted. Pablo Picasso.

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A style or technique (as in music, literature, or design) that is characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity.

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Art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

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New and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

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In Surrealism Photography, otherwise quite believable scenes and situations are transformed into waking dreams or fantastical, hallucinatory scenarios by the photographer's creative vision.

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The intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of existing images and objects.

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A technique that layers two different exposures on a single image, combining two photographs into one.

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A picture consisting predominantly of inanimate objects.

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Means for so long as any market exists for the relevant product in any country which results in sufficient demand to make the continued production and sale of the relevant product commercially viable.

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The taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object.

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A representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and whose areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies

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Art based on premises antithetical to traditional or popular art forms

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An artistic composition made from scraps, junk, and odds and ends (as of paper, cloth, wood, stone, or metal)

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In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless or grey filter.

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Cross processing is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film.

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The honeycomb grid is a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash.

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A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a soft-box, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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In photography, a snoot is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam. These may be conical, cylindrical, or rectangular in shape.

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A soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffused light by transmitting light through some scattering material, or by reflecting light off a second surface to diffuse the light.

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A monolight is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio. Each monolight has its own independent power source. It does not depend on a centralized power supply as a "pack and head" system does.

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Catch light or catchlight is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image. ... The technique is effective in both still and motion picture photography; helping to draw attention towards the subject's eyes, which may otherwise get lost among other elements in the scene.

A specular highlight is the bright spot of light that appears on shiny objects when illuminated (for example, see image on right). Specular highlights are important in 3D computer graphics, as they provide a strong visual cue for the shape of an object and its location with respect to light sources in the scene.

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Curves overview. In the Curves adjustment, you adjust points throughout an image's tonal range. Initially, the image's tonality is represented as a straight diagonal line on a graph. When adjusting an RGB image, the upper-right area of the graph represents the highlights and the lower-left area represents the shadows.

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Levels is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and midtones in a histogram.

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A ring light is a circular lighting tool that evenly illuminates the subject of a close-up photograph. Ring lights are popular in portrait photography. ... Other ring light kits may include a tripod stand, a gooseneck, and a charger in addition to the LED ring light itself

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Tilt–shift photography is the use of camera movements that change the orientation or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras

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Straight out of camera. Images as shot out of camera; implied is no post processing, slang in photography groups.

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The ambrotype also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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The ambrotype also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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Photogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive

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Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process uses two chemicals: ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide.

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The chlorophyll process is an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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Involves splitting the face into two proportional halves, with one side being the shadow and the other side being the light.

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Using one light and a reflector, or two lights.

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Essential technique for portrait photographers, this lighting pattern will create a shadow that loops down and around the nose, and on the neck and under the chin. These shadows are to help define the bone structure.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the key light is places above and directly centered with a subjects face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly.

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Portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly.

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Short lighting is where the face side which is further from the camera gets the main light.

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AKA a melainotype/ferrotype, it is a photograph made by creating a direct positive on a thin sheet of metal coated with a dark lacquer or enamel and used as the support for the photographic emulsion.

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They are pictures most commonly seen in books and on websites. They are one-offs, unable to adapt to their surroundings, unable to reflect new ideas or information, unable to respond to the viewer's needs and interests.

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The visual force that appears due to the contrast of light among the visual elements that compound it. It is a visual force which prevails in the image balance.

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Also known as image synthesis, it is the process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model by means of a computer program.

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Design elements in creating space in two dimensions.

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The first completely abstract kind of photograph, composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors.

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The process of capturing digitalized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed photo scanner with a CCD array capturing device.

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A photographic series that prioritizes"collecting" rather than stand-alone images.

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Photographs of a man-altered landscape.

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A technique when a foxed pinhole camera is used to expose photographic paper for a length of time that is typically 6-months. but can be as short as a few hours and last well over a year.

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Used to measure the color temperature of light sources.

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A set of data that characterizes a color input or output device, or a color space.

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Simply involves the blocking of unwanted natural light to create a natural three-dimensional quality to the lighting of people outside.

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Refers to the comparison of key light to the fill light. The higher the lighting ratios, the higher the contrast of the image; the lower the ratio, the lower the contrast.

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Lighting that produces minimal contrast in the scene.

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The habit of checking every photo on the camera display immediately after capture.

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A cheap 50mm prime lens, usually a maximum aperture of f/1.8 or faster.

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Shortened from photog term used for freelancers, newspaper stringers, and staffers.

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A digital studio in North Carolina. Sorry if that isn't what it is, this is the only thing that came up.

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A photograph with a lack of contrast caused by any number of factors, such as poor exposure, poor processing, poor printing being a chief among them.

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Those little round, dark spots that just seem to appear out of nowhere. They are particles of dust that are on the inside of your camera and against your sensor.

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A result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented.

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A photography technique that allows you to connect your camera to your computer or tablet, and almost instantly view your digital images on the device within seconds after it is captured.

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A light used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in average lighting and considered normal.

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The first and usually most important light that a photographer will use in a lighting setup, Its purpose is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject.

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Photography on wavelengths that the human eye can't see/ The light beyond 700 nm.

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Simply the blending of two or more images to create one final image.

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A genre that aims to capture portraits of people in situations, real-life events or milestones in an artistic manner and the art of the everyday. The primary goal is to tell stories about people's lives or to inspire people in different times

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The art of finding old and abandoned buildings and locations, exploring them, and taking photos as you go.

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Photography of astronomical objects, celestial events, and areas of the night sky.

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A filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless or grey filter, and is denoted by Wratten number 96.

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Stands for Circular Polarizer/Linear

Is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces... It does this by taking the "obstacles", such as unwanted light, reflections, or color, and reducing them to a certain extent.

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The material effect produced by the refraction of different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation through slightly different angles, resulting in a failure to focus. It causes colored fringes in the images produced by uncorrected lenses.

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A photo camera featuring a single, removable lens and a digital display. The camera does not have a reflex mirror or optical viewfinder.

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A faint design made in some paper during manufacture that is visible when held against the light and typically identifies the maker.