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(Background)
Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in a presidential election.  Adams and Congress passed the Judiciary Act 1801, which created new courts, added judges, and gave the president more control over appointment of judges. This Act was essentially an attempt by Adams and his party to frustrate Jefferson, as he used the act to appoint 16 new circuit judges and 42 new justices of the peace. The appointees were approved by the Senate, but they were not valid until their commissions were delivered by Secretary of State James Madison.

(Summary)
The case of Marbury v. Madison ended in the decision being that Thomas Jefferson shouldn't have had prevented Marbury from taking office ,but they couldn't justify that Marbury was right since it went against article 3 section 2 of the U.S Constitution at the time.

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This court case established judicial review. This is when the judicial branch is able to declare any law unconstitutional. This helps to even out the power of the three branches

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The court thinks that madison's refusal to deliver the commison was illegal

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The court thinks that madison's refusal to deliver the commison was illegal

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Do the plaintiffs have a right to receive their commisons? 

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Do the plaintiffs have a right to receive their commisons? 

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Can they sue for their commissions in court?

Does the Supreme Court have the authority to order the delivery of their commissions

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjVAGF-N8oQ

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Marbury was not given his commission by Madison to be federal judge so, Marbury asked the Supreme Court to make the Executive Branch give him his commission.

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Marbury should have gotten his commission.

The court didn't have jurisdiction to grant him the commission.

Established Judicial Review