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WHO: Thomas Paine WHAT: Document advocating independence from Great Britain WHEN: 1775-1776 WHERE: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (but used to represent all colonies) WHY: The colonies were receiving unfair treatment from Britain and wanted independence from the Motherland.

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WHO: John Locke, Adam Smith, Montesquieu, Voltaire WHAT: Philosophical movement that emphasized the development of people’s rights and their relationship to their rulers WHEN: late 1600’s-early 1800’s WHERE: The Enlightenment began in Europe, but the ideas and philosophies came to America with John Locke WHY: Much of the decisions, ways of thinking, and punishments were all based on rituals and religion, and people like Locke wanted to think by themselves.

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WHO:  John Locke WHAT: Rights that people have under natural law (Life, Liberty, Property/ Pursuit of Happiness) WHEN: John Locke wrote the Natural Rights during the 1600’s and brought them to America WHERE: John Locke wrote the Natural rights in England WHY: Locke believed in people having certain, “unalienable” rights from the time they’re born, until they’re dead

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WHO: Jean-Jacques Rousseau WHAT: An unofficial agreement shared by people within a government/ society where people give up some freedom in exchange for security WHEN: Rousseau created this during the 1760’s WHERE: Rousseau developed this idea in Europe  WHY: This kind of agreement saves a tremendous amount of time, while giving people what they want.

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WHO: Boston Colonists and British Troops WHAT: A riot/ massacre between British Troops and Boston Colonists WHEN: March 5th, 1770 WHERE: Boston, Massachusetts  WHY: It is supposed that some Bostonians were throwing snowballs and upsetting the troops (Hugh Montgomery) causing them to open fire and cause a big riot in front of innocent people.

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WHO: Britain and France WHAT: A war between Britain and France over American land and who owns it WHEN: Between 1754 and 1763 WHERE: East Coast/ 13 Colonies/ Westward land  WHY: There was a large amount of land west of the colonies and each nation had to fight for dominance of the chosen territory.

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WHO: England and the Colonies  WHAT: An act passed by England’s parliament to tighten the government’s control over who and how much the colonies can trade  WHEN: 1651 WHERE: Written and passed: England/ Enacted: Colonies WHY: England wanted to control nearly all of the colony’s import and exports AKA: mercantilism

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WHO: American colonists WHAT: American colonists that favored the British Crown WHEN: 1775-1783 WHERE: Within the 13 colonies WHY: Loyalists believed that the independence of the colonies would lead to the loss of economic benefits

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WHO: American colonists WHAT: American colonists that favored the independence of America from Britain WHEN: 1775-1783   WHERE: 13 Colonies WHY: Patriots felt that they were being treated unfairly and were being taxed without representation

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WHO: British and American/French Troops WHAT: The French navy and American troops trapped British General Cornwallis and forced him to surrender WHERE: Yorktown, VA WHEN: 1781 WHY: This was the final strike for the colonists of America. They wanted independence and were willing to do anything to win this last fight despite their past losses

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WHO: 56 delegates from 12/13 colonies (No Georgia) WHAT: The first gathering of delegates from the colonies to discuss what is needed to declare independence WHEN: Sep. 5th -Oct. 26th, 1774 WHERE: Philadelphia, PA WHY: The colonies wanted to respond and stand up to Britain’s Coercive Acts

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WHO: Boston Colonists WHAT: Boston Colonists dressed up as Indians and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor WHEN: Dec. 16th, 1773 WHERE: Boston Harbor WHY: It was a protest against the British taxes on tea and the monopoly of the trading network

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WHO: Proposed and passed: Britain/ Enacted on: Colonists WHAT: The closing down and stopping of westward expansion of colonists by Britain WHEN: 1763 WHERE: Colonies (Line ran up and down the Appalachian Mountains) WHY: The British did not want to upset the Indians with the settling of colonists out west.