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Foundation for Individual Rights in Education

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FIRE Starters: Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

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the court held that the first amendment did not require schools to affirmatively promote particular type of student speech

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hazelwood v kulhmeier deals with the bill of rights more specifically the first amendement and the peoples' right to freedom of press.

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The Spectrum, the school-sponsored newspaper of Hazelwood East High School, was written and edited by students. In May 1983, Robert E. Reynolds, the school principal, received the pages proofs for the May 13 issue. Reynolds found two of the articles in the issue to be inappropriate, and ordered that the pages on which the articles appeared be withheld from publication. Cathy Kuhlmeier and two other former Hazelwood East students brought the case to court.

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All schools may edit there own school news paper

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The school Principal ordered that two articles be removed from the school news paper

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Did the Principal have the right to remove the articles?

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Yes, the Principal could remove the articles if the articles placed the school in a particular situation

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ake Madison to deliver the documents. Marbury and the others petitioned for a writ if mandamus to get Madison to deliver the commissions.

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Malbury was denied h
Malbury was denied his commission by Madison and filled a writ mandamus (court order) force Madison to give him the commission 

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Legal Issue/Constitutional Question
Do the plaintiffs
Do the plaintiffs have a right to receive their commissions?
Can they sue for their commissions in court?
Does the Supreme Court have the authority to order the delivery of their commissions?


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Opinion Of The Court
The court decided th
The court decided that Madison refusal of the commissions was illegal, even though the court didn't force Madison to hand over the commissions. Instead, the court said Marbury couldn't bring the case to the supreme court due to original jurisdiction of the court was beyond the Constitution. Later on, judicial review was added which allows the supreme court to have the power of making laws unconstitutional

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Judicial Act of 1789
Judicial Act of 1789 was unconstitutional section 13 that granted the court the power to issue Writ of Mandamus (Court ORderwas Unconstitutional- This Opinion of the court granted them the power of Judaical Review......

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Social Changes/Significance 
The long-term effect
The long-term effect allows congress to have judicial review the political power to make laws unconstitutional. The immediate effect was that the judiciary act of 1789 declared unconstitutional by John Marshall

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👨‍⚖️👩‍⚖️
👨‍⚖️👩‍⚖️

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This our video
This our video 

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Background/Summary
The Background
The Background
African American students had been denied admittance to public schools based on laws allowing public education to be segregated by their race.

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African American stu
African American students couldn't attend white schools due to segregation 

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Legal Issue/Constitutional Question
The Debate
The Debate
Many schools are fighting and saying that they shouldn't have African American students, while many others think this is unfair. This issue was labeled as Segregation 

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Are segregated schoo
Are segregated schools equal under the 14th amendment equal protection clause? 

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Opinion of the Court
The Decision
The Decision
Schools were unequal and the court believed that this issue is unfair. So the decision was to bring the students together. 

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No, Separate but, eq
No, Separate but, equal is not protected under the 14th amendment 

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Social Change/Significance 
The Significance of the issue
The Significance of the issue
This problem was solved because the segregation of schools were a major issue at the time and many African American students were affected by this. 

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No more segregation
No more segregation 

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📎 Video

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