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Although there have been many styles of clothing unique to the Cherokee people throughout the years, one style remains in vogue. The Cherokee tear dress is the standard traditional fashion for women, and the ribbon shirt remains popular for men.

The tear dress is believed to be the style of dress from the Trail of Tears era, when most women no longer had access to scissors due to the "removals" and the subsequent confiscation of most personal and household belongings. Thus,the material was 'torn' from larger bolt pieces. The name is equally proper whether pronounced 'tear,' as in Trail of Tears, or 'tear,' as in being torn fabric. The style of tear dress worn today was patterned after an actual dress stored for many years in a trunk.

Tear dresses are styled from a calico print material, with an applique pattern of diamonds on the yoke and around the skirt, just above the flounce. Some Cherokee seamstresses have modified the design to utilize triangles, circles, and even the sacred seven-sided star of the Cherokee.

The Trail of Tears era dresses had 3/4 length sleeves, which did not get in the way of dishes, grinding corn and nuts, and other household duties. It also had a skirt length of mid-calf, so as not to gather dirt or dew from the ground. Another feature was the button down top, a convenience for nursing infants. Little girl's' dresses were usually fastened in the back. Today the tear dress has been modified to be worn floor length, except for Stomp Dance shell shakers, who usually wear calf-length tear dresses because of the shell shackles. The sleeves are often times worn full-length.

While the tear dress has remained unique to the Cherokee, the male ribbon shirt has become popular in many different tribes especially on the pow-wow circuit. The ribbon shirt is also made from calico fabric, with ribbon designs on the front and back. The sleeves are made similar to the tear dress. The traditional turban, also made from calico, is still worn by some men.

There are a variety of seamstresses who make both the female and male Cherokee clothing. Usually, measurements are taken for each individual. and no standard pattern per 'dress size' is required for an experienced seamstress. The tear dress is the official garment of "Miss Cherokee" and is worn on special tribal occasions, and sometimes even at weddings. Most Cherokee gospel singing groups also wear the tear dress and ribbon shirt, and they are the official dress of the Cherokee National Choir.

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Although there have been many styles of clothing unique to the Cherokee people throughout the years, one style remains in vogue. The Cherokee tear dress is the standard traditional fashion for women, and the ribbon shirt remains popular for men.

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Navajo Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts and information about the Navajo tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons, chiefs and culture of the Navajo. Interesting facts about the Navajo nation of the Southwest.

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Apache Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts about the Apache tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons, chiefs and culture of the Apache. Interesting facts about the Apache nation of the Southwest

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Pueblo Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts about the Pueblo tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons, chiefs and culture of the Pueblo. Interesting facts about the Pueblo nation of the Southwest.

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This article contains interesting facts, pictures and information about the life of the Nez Perce Native American Indian Tribe of the Columbia River Plateau region.

The Nez Perce Tribe
Summary and Definition: The semi-nomadic Nez Perce tribe were fishers, hunter gatherers and traders of the Plateau cultural group. The Nez Perce, a Sahaptian speaking tribe, lived in parts of present-day Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Montana. . The names of the most famous chiefs of the Nez Perce tribe included Chief Joseph and Chief Looking Glass.

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Facts about the Nez Perce Native Indian Tribe
This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Nez Perce Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Nez Perce tribe live, what clothes did they wear, what did they eat and who were the names of their most famous leaders? Discover what happened to the Nez Perce tribe with facts about their wars and their history.

The explorers of the Lewis and Clark expedition referred to the tribe as the Chopunnish. The name Nez Perce, meaning "pierced nose" was incorrectly provided by French fur traders who were generalizing about the customs of the tribes the Corps of Discovery would next meet, such as the Did the Nez Perce have pierced noses? No
Chinook in the Northwest Pacific coast, who favored nose rings.

What was the lifestyle and culture of the Nez Perce tribe?
The Nez Perce tribe were one of the most numerous and powerful tribes of the Plateau Culture area. They lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle fishing, hunting, or gathering wild plants for food. They lived in pit houses in the winter and tule-mat lodges in the summer. The introduction of the horse in the 1700's brought about a change in lifestyle and many of the people traveled to the Great Plains to hunt buffalo. They adopted some of the ideas of the Great Plains native Indians including the use of the tepee which were covered with buffalo hides and some items of clothing made from buffalo hides. The rich grasslands of the Nez Perce territory enabled the tribe to become horse breeders and traders and they raised some of the largest horse herds of any Native American Indian group. They are famous for breeding the sturdy, spotted horses now called Appaloosas, that were named after the Palouse tribe. The Lewis and Clark expedition encountered the Nez Perce during their explorations and Meriwether Lewis described the Appaloosa in his journal dated February 15, 1806 "Their horses appear to be of an excellent race. They are lofty, elegantly formed, and durable".

Where did the Nez Perce tribe live?
The Nez Perce are people of the Plateau Native American cultural group whose territories covered hundreds of miles from the Bitterroot Mountains of Idaho, west to the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and further westward to the state of Washington and eastwards to Montana. The location of the Nez Perce tribal homelands are shown on the map. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Nez Perce tribe.

The Nez Perce lived along the lower courses of the Snake, Salmon, and Clearwater Rivers and their tributaries

Land: Fast flowing rivers, lakes, forests and prairies

Climate: Warm summers and cold, snowy winters

Animals: The animals included elk, deer, bear, mountain goat, groundhog, coyote, raccoon, fox, porcupine, weasel, beaver and hare

Fish: Salmon, steelhead trout

Natural Resources: Berries such as blackberries, strawberries, huckleberries, bulbs, bitterroots, onions, nuts and seeds

Map showing location of the
Plateau Native Indian Tribes

What did the Nez Perce tribe live in?
The Nez Perce were semi-nomadic and needed shelters that were easy to set up and take down. The Nez Perce lived in one of three shelters, depending on the season. The types of shelters were a semi-subterranean pit house, a tepee or a tule-mat lodge.

Pit houses were winter shelters that were built with logs and sealed for insulation with dirt and grasses. Pit houses were built below ground with an entrance and ladder at the top and were generally used during the cold, winter months.

The summer shelters, the tepee and tule-mat lodge, were above ground. Tepees were covered with animal skins but the tule-mat lodge was covered with mats of strong, durable, tule reeds (bulrushes).

The Nez Perce tribe and the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark encountered the Nez Perce tribe in October 1805. They used new dugout canoes built with the help of the friendly Nez Perce Native American Indians. The canoes enabled the expedition to float downstream from the Clearwater River Idaho, the Snake River into the Columbia River in the state of Washington.

The Nez Perce War
The Nez Perce War was fought between June - October 1877. It was led by Looking Glass Chief Joseph, his brother Ollikut, White Bird and Chief . The Nez Perce fought a series of battles and skirmishes with General Howard and later, Colonel Nelson A. Mileson in a fighting retreat that covered 1,170 miles. The Nez Perce stopped at the Bear Paw Mountains in Montana, about 40 miles from the Canadian border. It was here that they fought a 5 day battle against Colonel Miles's troops. On October 5, 1877, Chief Joseph, leader of the Nez Perce, was forced to surrender to the US forces and the short, ill-fated Nez Perce War came to an end.

What weapons did the Nez Perce use?
The weapons used by the Nez Perce were spears, knives, bows and arrows and clubs.

What clothes did the Nez Perce women wear?
The Nez Perce women during the 1700's wore large basket hats they wove out of dried leaves and plant fibers. The women of the tribe wore long dresses that covered them from the neck to their mid calves. The women also wore knee length moccasins during the winter. The Nez Perce made a large bag called a parfleche to store and carry their food and clothing. Parfleche were made from tough hides, and were often beautifully decorated. Nez Perce Clothes were decorated with beads made from a variety of materials that included shells, bones, pebbles, claws, nuts, seeds, porcupine quills, horns, pieces of metal and bird talons.

What was the religion and beliefs of the Nez Perce tribe?
The religion and beliefs of the Nez Perce tribe was based on Animism that encompassed the spiritual or religious idea that the universe and all natural objects animals, plants, trees, rivers, mountains rocks etc have souls or spirits. The Nez Perce believed they had a personal link with nature in the form of a guardian spirit, or wyakin, that protected them from harm and provided assistance during their life.

Who were the most famous leaders and chiefs of the Nez Perce tribe?
The most famous leaders and chiefs of the Nez Perce tribe included Chief Joseph and Chief Looking Glass who both fought in the Nez Perce War (June - October 1877) against the US Government. They led the following battles in the Nez Perce war including the Battle of Clearwater Creek in Idaho, the battle at Big Hole Valley in Montana, Camas Creek in Idaho, Canyon Creek and Cow Island in Montana, and the battle at Bear Paw in Montana.
Nez Perce History Timeline

1750's: The Nez Perce acquire the horse and their lifestyle is changed

1805: Contact was made between the Nez Perce and the Lewis and Clark expedition

1812: A trading post known as Spokane House was built near the confluence of Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers

1825: The Hudson's Bay Company established Fort Vancouver as a trading post

1836: Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding established a Presbyterian mission among the Nez Perce Native Indians

1843: The first major migration along the Oregon Trail took place in 1843 which led to violent conflicts with the white settlers who traveled along the Oregon trail in wagon trains.

1853: Washington Territory was established, dividing the Nez Perce homeland in two parts

1855: Isaac Stevens (March 25, 1818 - September 1, 1862) , governor of Washington Territory, negotiated the Walla Walla treaty with the Nez Perce reserving 7,000,000 acres of Idaho, Montana, Washington and Oregon for the tribe

1855: The Yakima War (1855-1858) erupted, fought by members of the Native Indian alliance including the Yakama led by Chief Kamiakin and the Walla Walla, Umatilla, and Cayuse tribes

1860: The discovery of gold in Pierce, Idaho prompted an influx of white prospectors on the Nez Perce territory

1861: Nez Perce Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was established

1861: More than 1000 gold prospectors arrived in Pierce, Idaho.

1862: An estimated $7-10 million in gold was taken from Nez Perce lands by more than 15,000 gold prospectors

1862: A new treaty was negotiated and the Lapwai reservation was established

1873: President Ulysses S. Grant signs an executive order granting half the Wallowa Valley to the Nez Perce people

1877: President Grant opens the Nez Perce homeland to more settlers and demanded that all roaming Nez Perce bands move onto the Lapwai reservation in present-day Idaho

1877: The forced removal of the Nez Perce led to the killing of several settlers and the short-lived Nez Perce War began

1877: The Nez Perce War (June - October 1877) led by Chief Joseph

1877: October 5, 1877, Chief Joseph was forced to surrender.

1877: Chief Joseph was assured that the Nez Perce would be permitted to return to their home country in Lapwai, Oregon however the promise was broken and they were sent to the Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma

1879-80: The Nez Perce tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Ponca Agency in Indian Territory

1885: Some of the Nez Perce were allowed to return to the Lapwai Reservation in Idaho, but Chief Joseph and a few others were sent to the Colville Reservation in north eastern Washington

1904: Chief Joseph died on 21 September 1904 and was buried in Nespelem, Washington

The Story of Nez Perce
For additional facts and information refer to the legend and the Story of the Nez Perces and the Poncas and the Story of Chief Joseph .

Nez Perce

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Description of the homes and the type of food the Nez Perce would eat

Fast Facts and info about the Nez Perce

Names of famous chiefs and leaders

Interesting Homework resource for kids on the history of the Nez Perce Native American Indians

Nez Perce tribe - Kids - Cool, Fun Facts - Lives - Location - Nez Perce History - Clothes - Clothing - Food - Tribe - Kids - Info - Information - Kids - Children - Nez Perce Teaching resource - Social Studies - Lifestyle - Culture - Teachers - Nez Perce Native Indians - Kids - Interesting Facts - Nez Perce Clothes - Nez Perce Clothing - Nez Perce Food - Info - Information - Pictures - Reference - Guide - Studies - Homework - Nez Perce Facts

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Check out this site for interesting facts and information about the Nez Perce tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons and culture of the Nez Perce Plateau Native Indians. Information and interesting facts about the Nez Perce nation.

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This article contains interesting facts, pictures and information about the life of the Inuit Native American Indian Tribe of the Arctic cultural group.

Summary and Definition: The Inuit tribe were a hardy people who were nomadic fishermen and hunters. The Inuit tribe lived on the western and northern coasts along the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. The Inuit survived the harsh climate in The Inuit Tribe
Igloos made of snow bricks or in the temporary tepee-shaped tents that were used on hunting trips.

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Facts about the Inuit Native Indian Tribe
This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Inuit Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Inuit tribe live, what clothes did they wear and what did they eat? Discover what happened to the Inuit tribe with facts about their history and culture.

Facts about the Inuit Native Indian Tribe: Lifestyle and Culture
The lifestyle of the Inuit tribe was hard, dictated by the cold, harsh climate and the barren, desolate landscape of the Artic tundra which has been aptly described as a 'snow desert'. The name "Inuit" means "the people" in the Inuktitut dialect of their language. At one time they were referred to as "Eskimo". The word "Eskimo" derives from an Algonquian word meaning "Eaters of Raw Flesh". The word Eskimo was used to described the Inuit, Yupik and Inupiat people. The name Eskimo is used less frequently than in the passed in deference to the wishes of the Inuit people. Communities of Inuit people are found across the Arctic and are most closely related to the Aleut people. The chief source of food are whales, sea lions, seals and walruses. Smaller fish, and land animals such as caribou and small birds were also part of their diet. The Inuit lived either in tents made of Caribou hides, or in igloos as seen in the above picture.

Where did the Inuit tribe live?
The Inuit are people of the Arctic Native American cultural group. The location of their tribal homelands are shown on the map in present-day Alaska, Canada and Greenland. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Inuit tribe.

Land: An inhospitable landscape consisting of a flat, stark, cold and snowy, treeless, tundra region

Climate: Extreme, cold arctic climate

Animals: The animals included seal, caribou, sea lions, otter, polar bears, arctic hare, whale, walrus and Artic birds

Natural Resources: Fish, limited seasonal berries and plants

Transport: Dogsleds (qamutik), snowshoes, and leather-covered, watertight canoes and open fishing boats such as Inuit Kayaks

Map showing location of the
Artic Native American Cultural Group

Tents: The Inuit tents, as seen in the picture, were shaped and erected like a tepee but constructed using tough caribou hides and whalebone.

What did the Inuit tribe live in?
The Inuit tribe tribe were semi-nomadic and needed shelters that were easy to erect and take down and those that were more permanent. The Inuit therefore lived in different types of shelters, depending on the season. The types of shelters were an igloo or a karmak for the winter and tepee, tent-like shelters in the warmer weather.

Igloo: The round igloo shelters, snow houses, were made made from blocks of snow and built in various sizes, sometimes housing up to 20 people

Karmak: The karmak was an earth-covered pithouse built about 5-6 feet underground and 2-3 feet above, with a frame of wood or whalebone. The entrance to the karmak was an underground passageway.

The Inuit ceremonial house was called a 'kashim' and constructed using a post and beam framework and sod covering

What language did the Inuit tribe speak?
The Inuit tribe spoke in Eskimo-Aleut languages and Athabascan.

What forms of transport did the Inuit tribe use?
The Inuit tribe used different forms of transportation that suited their harsh, snow filled environment. The above picture shows a man wearing snowshoes in front of a sled that was pulled by dogs. The Inuit bred strong, working dogs with thick furs, like huskies. The people used sleds and toboggans to transport people and possessions across the snow. A sled has runners and a raised platform whereas a toboggan has no runners and their platforms sit directly on the snow. Rawhide strips, called babiche, were used for binding and support when making toboggans, snowshoes and other objects. A kayak was boat that help one or two people, with an enclosed cockpit. Kayaks were made by stretching hide over a wooden frame. The Inuit also used a large, open, flat-bottomed boat called an umiak that was built by stretching hide (usually walrus hide) over a wooden frame.

What food did the Inuit eat?
The staple diet of the Inuit were fish products. These were supplemented by the meat obtained from sea animals such as the seal, whale, sea lions and walrus. Caribou was also eaten as were small birds and otters. The people practised breathing-hole (mauliqtoq) seal hunting.

What clothes did the Inuit wear?
The clothes, mitts and boots worn by the Inuit tribe were made from fur and animal skins. To keep warm they tended to wear layers of clothes which were topped by thick, heavy, fur-lined hooded coats called Parkas . Short-waisted inner parkas were worn with long, narrow back tails, and wrist-length sleeves. The Inuit wore fitted clothing in contrast with the loosely hung garments of other regions. The parkas worn by Inuit women were distinguished by elongated hoods, and exaggerated, pointed shoulders, they were also made large enough so a woman could carry an infant. Snow shoes were an important article of clothing. A soft and supple Inuit boots, called Mukluks , usually made from sealskin, were also worn by the Inuit.

Inuit History Timeline
The following Inuit history timeline details facts, dates and famous landmarks and battles fought by the Inuit Nation. The history timeline explains what happened to the people of their tribe.
Inuit History Timeline

1000 CE: The Inuit are the descendants of the Thule culture,who emerged from western Alaska, after crossing from Siberia, and moved eastward across the Arctic

1530: European whalers and fur traders arrived in the Arctic

1576: Martin Frobisher was the first European explorer to visit the Arctic and make contact with the Inuit people

1610: The explorer Henry Hudson names Hudson's Bay and Hudson Strait whilst searching for the Northwest Passage

1600's: The Europeans spread diseases to the native people and many die from smallpox and measles

1766: Catherine the Great sent Russian explorers and settlers to Alaska and claimed Alaska as part of Russia

1770s: Moravian missionaries are said to have introduced the art of basketry to the Inuit

1873: The North-West Mounted Police was established

1771: Samuel Hearne of the Hudson's Bay Company reached the Arctic coast at Coppermine to establish trade with the Inuit

1820: The Hudson's Bay Company opened a trading post called Great Whale River on the site of present-today's Kuujjuarapik. Trade centers on whaling

1845: Sir John Franklin makes his ill-fated expeditions (1845 - 1848) in search of the Northwest passage

1850s: Christian missionaries spread throughout Arctic and make contact with the Inuit

1867: The Alaska Purchase was made by the United States of America from Russia for $7.2 million

1880: The Indian Affairs Department was established

1896: Reverend Edmund Peck introduced syllabics as a written form of Inuktitut

1898: Yukon was created as a separate territory

1898: Gold was discovered by George Carmack (1850-1922) on August 16, 1896 at Rabbit Creek, aka Bonanza Creek, on the Klondike River. The discovery led to the Klondike gold rush

1905: The main source of commerce moves from whaling to fur trading

1911: The first permanent trading post was established in south Baffin was at Lake Harbor

1934: Gold was discovered in Yellowknife

Inuit History Timeline
Inuit

Interesting Facts and information about the way the people lived

The clothes worn by men and women

Description of the homes and the type of food the Inuit would eat

Fast Facts and info about the Inuit

Names of famous chiefs and leaders

Interesting Homework resource for kids on the history of the Inuit Native American Indians

Pictures and Videos of Native American Indians and their Tribes
The Inuit Tribe was one of the most famous tribes of Native American Indians. Discover the vast selection of pictures on the subject of the tribes of Famous Native Americans such as the Inuit nation. The pictures show the clothing, war paint, weapons and decorations of various Native Indian tribes, such as the Inuit tribe, that can be used as a really useful educational resource for kids and children of all ages. We hope you enjoy watching the video - just click and play - a great social studies homework resource for kids .

Inuit - Kids - Cool, Fun Facts - Inuit Clothes - Clothing - Parkas - Eskimo - Igloo - Sheleters - Homes - Lives - Inuit Food - Location - History - Legends - Kids - Info - Information - Famous - Kids - Children - Teaching resource - Social Studies - Lifestyle - Culture - Teachers - Inuit Facts - Inuit - Inuit Clothes - Clothing - Parkas - Eskimo - Igloo - Kids - Interesting Facts - Info - Information - Pictures - Reference - Guide - Studies - Homework - Inuit Facts

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This article contains interesting facts, pictures and information about the life of the Inuit Native American Indian Tribe of the Arctic cultural group. Summary and Definition: The Inuit tribe were a hardy people who were nomadic fishermen and hunters. The Inuit tribe lived on the western and northern coasts along the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.

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This article contains interesting facts, pictures and information about the life of the Cheyenne Native American Indian Tribe of the Great Plains.

The Cheyenne Tribe
Summary and Definition: The Cheyenne tribe were a powerful, resourceful tribe of the Great Plains who fiercely resisted the white encroachment of the Native Indian lands. The names of the most famous chiefs of the Cheyenne tribe included Dull Knife, Chief Roman Nose, Little Rock, Morning Star and Black Kettle.

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Facts about the Cheyenne Native Indian Tribe
This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Cheyenne Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Cheyenne tribe live, what clothes did they wear, what did they eat and who were the names of their most famous leaders? Discover what happened to the Cheyenne tribe with facts and a timeline about their wars, battles and history.

What was the lifestyle and culture of the Cheyenne tribe?
The Cheyenne tribe originally lived as farmers in earthlodges in the Sheyenne River valley. The were forced west to the Great Plains by the French and their Chippewa allies. The Cheyenne tribe changed their lifestyle to become nomadic buffalo hunters who lived in tepees. In 1832, the Cheyenne tribe separated into two groups, the Northern Cheyenne, who lived along the Platte River; and the Southern Cheyenne, who lived along the Arkansas River in Colorado and Kansas. Their name comes from the Sioux word 'Shai-ena' meaning "Strange Speech People" for when they entered the Sioux lands nobody was able to understand their language. The Cheyenne tribe were divided into warrior clans called the Fox Men, the Flint Men, Medicine Lance Men, the Buffalo Bull Men, the Bowstring Men and the famous Dog Men who became known as the Dog Soldiers.

What were the rituals and ceremonies of the Cheyenne tribe?
The ceremonies of the Cheyenne tribe and many other Great Plains Native Indians, included the Sweat Lodge ceremony, the Vision Quest and the daunting Sun Dance Ceremony. The ceremonial pipe (Calumet), was ritually filled with tobacco was passed among participants at all sacred ceremonies of the Cheyenne. The Calumet, was often used to seal a peace treaty, hence the term 'Peace Pipe', but it was also used to offer prayers in religious ceremonies and in war councils.

Where did the Cheyenne tribe live?
The Cheyenne are people of the Great Plains Native American cultural group. The location of their tribal homelands are shown on the map. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Cheyenne tribe.

They lived in the American Great Plains region in the states of Minnesota, Montana, Oklahoma, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota

Land: Grass covered prairies with some streams and rivers

Climate: Hot summers and cold winters

Animals: The animals included the Bison (Buffalo), deer, cougars, elk, bear, beaver, porcupine, antelope, prairie dogs, eagles and wolves

Map showing location of the
Great Plains Native American Cultural Group

What did the Cheyenne tribe live in?
The Cheyenne tribe lived in tent-like homes called tepees. The Tepee was constructed from wooden poles that were covered with weather-proof animal skins such as buffalo hides. It was cone shaped, with flaps for entrances, rounded at the base and narrowing to an open smoke hole at the top. The inside of the Tepees had few furnishings. Buffalo hides were used for seating, bedding, and covers. A hearth was built in the center of the tepee for cooking and heating. Most tepees were approximately 12 to 16 feet in diameter at the base. This type home suited the nomadic lifestyle of the Cheyenne tribe. A tepee was quick to erect and easy to dismantle.

What language did the Cheyenne tribe speak?
The Cheyenne tribe spoke in the Algonquian language.

What food did the Cheyenne tribe eat?
The mainstay of the food that the Cheyenne tribe ate included the meat from all the wild animals that were available to hunt: Buffalo, deer, elk, bear and wild turkey. These were supplemented with roots and wild vegetables such as spinach, prairie turnips and potatoes and flavored with wild herbs. Wild berries and fruits were also added to the food available to the Cheyenne. When food was scarce the tribe ate dried buffalo meat, called pemmican.

What weapons did the Cheyenne use?
The weapons used by the Cheyenne tribe included bows and arrows, stone ball clubs, jaw bone clubs, hatchet axe, spears, lances and knives. War Shields were used on horseback as a means of defence. The rifle was added to their weapons with the advent of the white invaders. Horse whips were commonly used by the Cheyenne tribe to goad their horses forward during battles or during the chase for buffalo.

Cheyenne Clothing
The women of the Cheyenne tribe were responsible for making the clothes worn by the people. Most items were sewn from soft, tanned skins of deer (buckskin) and buffalo. Clothing was often beautifully decorated with paint, porcupine quills or beadwork. Cheyenne clothing for both men and women were adorned with ornaments, and they wore elaborate necklaces and armbands.

What clothes did the Cheyenne men wear?
The clothes worn by the Cheyenne men consisted of breechcloths, fringed buckskin tunics or shirts and leggings. Warm buffalo robes or cloaks were also worn to protect against the rain and the cold. The adult Cheyenne men also wore beaded, long feathered war bonnets decorated with eagle feathers and beadwork as a symbol of courage, honor and accomplishment. All clothing was discarded in battle.

What clothes did the Cheyenne women wear?
The type of clothes worn by the women of the Cheyenne tribe were knee-length dresses and leggings. The women also wore the buffalo robes to keep warm and dry. The dresses of the Cheyenne women that were used for special occasions were intricately decorated with beads and painted with signs and symbols that reflected their tribal identity and family values celebrating acts of valor by their men or sacrifices made for the well-being of the family and tribe. Cheyenne women wore their hair in two, thick braids decorated with beads.

What was the religion and beliefs of the Cheyenne tribe?
The religion and beliefs of the Cheyenne tribe was based on Animism that encompassed the spiritual or religious idea that the universe and all natural objects animals, plants, trees, rivers, mountains rocks etc have souls or spirits. The Great Plains tribes such as the Cheyenne believed in Manitou, the . The Cheyenne name for the Supreme Being is "Maheo" Great Spirit

Who were the most famous leaders and chiefs of the Cheyenne tribe?
The most famous leaders and chiefs of the Cheyenne tribe included Dull Knife (aka Morning Star) , Chief Roman Nose, Little Rock, Black Kettle, Black Bear, Chief Little Wolf, Crazy Wolf, Crooked Nose and Chief Little Horse. There were constant battles between the different tribes of the Great Plains and the Cheyenne eventually made an alliance with the Sioux, the Arapaho, and the Comanche against their mutual enemies the Crow, Pawnee, Shoshone and Ute. A fierce band of warriors called the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers were extremely courageous and would to fight to the death to protect their people.

Cheyenne History Timeline: What happened to the Cheyenne tribe?
The following history timeline details facts, dates and famous landmarks and battles fought by the Cheyenne Nation. The timeline explains exactly what happened to the Cheyenne tribe.
Cheyenne History Timeline

1600s: The Cheyenne settled in Minnesota as farmers

1680: First contact with white people at de la Salle's fort in Illinois

1700: The Cheyenne moved northwest to the Sheyenne River in North Dakota, continued to farm but also began to hunt buffalo

1780: The Cheyenne acquired horses and adopted a nomadic lifestyle using tepees and moved to the Black Hills

1790: Conflict with the Chippewa tribe

1804: The Lewis and Clark Expedition encountered the Cheyenne tribe

1832: The tribe split up into the Northern and Southern Cheyenne

1849: Cholera epidemic among the Cheyenne

1851: First Treaty at Fort Laramie.

1856: Platte Bridge Incident

1861: Treaty of Fort Wise establishing a reservation in Colorado. Many Cheyenne opposed the treaty

1864: Sand Creek Massacre. Chivington's massacre of Black Kettle's Cheyenne at Sand Creek in 1864

1865: 1,000 Cheyenne warriors attack the town of Julesburg in retaliation to the massacre

1865: Powder River Expedition

1865: Dull Knife fights in Red Cloud's War (1865-1868)

1865: Treaty with the Southern Cheyenne and the Little Arkansas River reservation established

1866: Fetterman Fight on December 21, 1866.

1868: The 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty the US army agreed to abandon the posts along the Bozeman Trail

1875: Gold discovered in Black Hills

1875: Indian agents were directed to move off-reservation Native Indians to report to their agencies leading to violent conflict

1876: Battle of Powder River on March 17, 1876

1876: The Buffalo War - Buffalo are wantonly slaughtered all over the Great Plains (over 65 million were destroyed by white hunters) depriving the Native Indians of their means to live

1876: The Battle of the Rosebud on June 17, 1876

1876: The Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25 1876 against George Custer and the 7th Cavalry

1876: The Cheyenne Dispersal, July - December 1876 Cheyennes forcedto move to reservations

1877: Cheyenne moved from Red Cloud's Agency to Oklahoma where there is an outbreak of malaria

1878: Cheyenne leaders led by Chief Morning Star and Little Wolf decide to move the people from the reservation

1878: The band led by Morning Star are captured and sent to Fort Robinson in Nebraska

1878: Battles with American forces at Turkey Springs, in Indian Territory, Bluff Creek, Sand Creek, and Punished Women's Fork in Kansas

1879: Fort Robinson Outbreak. Cheyenne move to Fort Keogh

1882: Cheyenne moved south to the Rosebud and Muddy Creeks

1884: The Northern Cheyenne Reservation in southeast Montana on the Tongue River is established

1889: Bureau of Indian Affairs began a 30-year suppression of the Northern Cheyenne Sun Dance

1890: The last Northern Cheyenne conflict with the US Cavalry during the Ghost Dance Turmoil

Cheyenne History Timeline
The Story of Cheyenne
For additional facts and information refer to the legend and the Story of the Trail of the Dog Soldiers, Chief Roman Nose, Chief Little Wolf and Black Kettle's Village.

Cheyenne

Interesting Facts and information about the way the people lived

The clothes worn by men and women

Description of the homes and the type of food the Cheyenne would eat

Fast Facts and interesting info

Names of famous chiefs and leaders

Interesting Homework resource for kids on the history of the Cheyenne Native American Indians

Pictures and Videos of Native American Indians and their Tribes
The Cheyenne Tribe was one of the most famous tribes of the Great Plains Native American Indians. Discover the vast selection of pictures on the subject of the tribes of Famous Native Americans such as the Cheyenne nation. The pictures show the clothing, war paint, weapons and decorations of various Native Indian tribes, such as the Cheyenne tribe, that can be used as a really useful educational resource for kids and children of all ages. We hope you enjoy watching the video - just click and play - a great social studies homework resource for kids .

Cheyenne Tribe - Kids - Cool, Fun Facts - Clothes - Clothing - Dresses - Headdresses - Homes - Lifestyle - Lives - Religion - Beliefs - Weapons - Legends - Food - Location - History - Legends - Kids - Info - Information - Famous - Kids - Children - Warriors - Chiefs - Teaching resource - Social Studies - Lifestyle - Culture - Teachers - Facts - Blackfoot - Kids - Interesting Facts - Info - Information - Pictures - Reference - Guide - Studies - Homework - Cheyenne Tribe Facts

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Haida Tribe Facts: Clothes, Food, Lifestyle and History***

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Check out this site for interesting facts and information about the Haida tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons and culture of the Haida tribe. Interesting facts about the Haida nation of the Northwest Pacific.

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Sioux Native American Indian Tribe and their tepees

This article contains interesting facts, pictures and information about the life of the Sioux Native American Indian Tribe of the Great Plains.

The Sioux Tribe
Summary and Definition: The Sioux tribe fiercely resisted the white encroachment of the Great Plains. The names of the most famous chiefs who led the Sioux tribe into battle were Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Chief Gall, Crazy Horse, Rain in the Face, and Kicking Bear. Famous conflicts included the Sioux Wars (1854 - 1890), Red Cloud's War (1865-1868), the 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn and the 1890 Ghost Dance turmoil.

Native American Indian Tribes

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Facts about the Sioux Native Indian Tribe
This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Sioux Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Sioux tribe live, what clothes did they wear, what did they eat and who were the names of their most famous leaders? Discover what happened to the Sioux tribe with facts about their wars and history.

What was the lifestyle and culture of the Sioux tribe?
The Sioux tribe were famous for their hunting and warrior culture. Warfare was a central part of the Plains Indian culture which led to inter-tribal conflicts and violent clashes with the white settlers and the US army. Siouan men were noyed for their great courage and physical strength. They were a nomadic tribe who roamed the Great Plains hunting the buffalo (bison). The buffalo provided the tribe with everything they needed - food, clothes and their tepees. The Siouan men wore face paint for religious ceremonies and, more famously war paint in times of war. War Paint was used to make Sioux warriors look ferocious and the designs and colors that were used were believed to hold magical powers of protection. The name Sioux derives from the Siouan word 'Nadowessi' meaning "Little Snakes".

Sioux Nation History - The Lakota, Dakota and Nakota
The Sioux nation ((Hocak Saha)) were the largest of all the Native Indian tribes and consisted of three divisions which were based on their location, dialect and their subculture. The Sioux tribe originally lived as Woodland Indians along the upper Mississippi in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. The were forced west by the French and their Chippewa allies. During the migration west to the Great Plains the tribe split into three divisions - the Lakota, Dakota and Nakota. The names Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota all mean "Allies" or "Confederates."

The Lakota Sioux, noted for their warrior culture, were from the west and consisted of seven bands including the Oglala, Hunkpapa, Sicangu, Miniconjous, Sihasapa, Oohenumpa and the Itazipacola. The Lakota were also known as the Tetonwan/Teton, the 'Dwellers on the Plains'. The Lakota were the major opponents of the US Army during the Sioux Wars

The Dakota Sioux, also known as the Isanti/Santee, were from the east and consisted of four bands called the Sisseton, Wahpekute, Mdeakantonwon and the Wahpeton. Named the 'Knife Makers'

The Nakota Sioux, also known as the Ihanktown, were the smallest division located in the east and consisted of three bands called the Yankton, the Upper Yankton and the Lower Yankton. Named the 'Keepers of the Sacred Pipestone'

Where did the Sioux tribe live?
The Sioux are people of the Great Plains Native American cultural group. The location of their tribal homelands are shown on the map. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Sioux tribe.

The American Great Plains region mainly extended across states of Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota

Tribal Territories: North Dakota and South Dakota

Land: Grass covered prairies with streams and rivers

Climate: Hot summers and cold winters

Animals: The animals included the Bison (Buffalo), deer, cougars, elk, bear, beaver, porcupine, antelope, prairie dogs, eagles and wolves

What did the Sioux tribe live in?
The Sioux tribe lived in tent-like homes called tepees. The Tepee was constructed from wooden poles that were covered with durable animal skins such as buffalo hides. It was pyramid shaped, with flaps and openings, rounded at the base and tapering to an open smoke hole at the top. Tepees had few furnishings. Buffalo hides were used for seating, bedding, and covers. A hearth was built in the center of the tepee for cooking and heating. Most tepees were approximately 12 to 16 feet in diameter at the base. This type shelter suited the nomadic lifestyle of the Sioux tribe. A tepee was quick to erect and easy to dismantle. A Siouan village could be ready to move within an hour.

What language did the Sioux tribe speak?
The Sioux tribe spoke in the Siouan language.

What food did the Sioux tribe eat?
The food that the Sioux tribe ate included the meat from all the animals that were available to hunt: Buffalo, deer, elk, bear and wild turkey. These were supplemented with roots and wild vegetables such as spinach, prairie turnips and potatoes and flavored with wild herbs. Wild berries and fruits were also added to the food available to the Sioux. When animals for food was scarce the tribe ate dried buffalo meat, called pemmican.

What weapons did the Sioux use?
The weapons used by the Sioux tribe included bows and arrows, stone ball clubs, jaw bone clubs, hatchet axe, spears, lances and knives. War Shields were used on horseback as a means of defence. The rifle was added to their weapons with the advent of the white invaders.

Sioux Clothing
The women of the Sioux tribe were responsible for making the articles of clothing worn by the people. Most items were sewn from soft, tanned skins of deer (buckskin) and buffalo. A cape like yoke was formed from two pieces hung over the shoulders that fell loosely over the arms, taking the place of sleeves. Clothing was often decorated with paint, porcupine quills or beadwork. Sioux clothing for both men and women were adorned with with beads in geometric designs and ornaments, especially necklaces and armbands.

What clothes did the Sioux men wear?
Many of the clothes worn by the men of the Sioux tribe are illustrated in the pictures on this site. The clothes worn by the Sioux men consisted of breechcloths, fringed buckskin tunics or shirts and leggings. Warm buffalo robes or cloaks were also worn to protect against the rain and the cold. The adult Sioux men also wore beaded, feathered war bonnets decorated with eagle feathers, ermine fur and beadwork as a symbol of honor and accomplishment. The Sioux wore a trailing bonnet with feathers trailing to the floor.

What clothes did the Sioux women wear?
The type of clothes worn by the women of the Sioux tribe were knee-length dresses and leggings. The women's leggings covered the legs up to the knee and were held with garters. The women also wore the buffalo robes to keep warm and dry. The dresses of the Sioux women that were used for special occasions were elaborately decorated with beads and painted with signs and symbols that reflected their tribal identity and family values celebrating acts of valor by their men or sacrifices made for the well being of the family and tribe. Sioux women wore their hair in two, thick braids decorated with beads.

What was the religion and beliefs of the Sioux tribe?
The religion and beliefs of the Sioux tribe was based on Animism that encompassed the spiritual or religious idea that the universe and all natural objects animals, plants, trees, rivers, mountains rocks etc have souls or spirits. In Lakota Sioux mythology, Chapa is the beaver spirit and symbolizes domesticity, labor and preparation. The Great Plains tribes such as the Sioux believed in Manitou, the . Great Spirit

What were the rituals and ceremonies of the Sioux tribe?
The rituals and ceremonies of the Sioux tribe and many other Great Plains Native Indians, included the Sweat Lodge ceremony, the Vision Quest and the Sun Dance Ceremony. The sacred, ceremonial pipe (called a Calumet), was ritually filled with tobacco was passed among participants at all sacred ceremonies of the Sioux. The Calumet, was often used to seal a peace treaty, hence the term 'Peace Pipe', but it was also used to offer prayers in religious ceremonies and in war councils. The Sioux name for the Great Spirit is 'Wakan Tanka' which translates as the Great Mystery.The Sioux people believe that every object was spirit, or "wakan."

Who were the most famous leaders and chiefs of the Sioux tribe?
The most famous leaders and chiefs of the Sioux tribe included: Sitting Bull, Chief Gall, Kicking Bear, American Horse Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, Rain in the Face, , Black Elk, Chief Lone Horn, Chief Touch the Cloud and Chief Big Foot.

Sioux History Timeline
The following history timeline details facts, dates and famous landmarks and battles fought by the Sioux Nation. The Sioux tribe fought on the British side in the War of Independence and in the War of 1812.
Sioux History Timeline

1800's: The Sioux tribe moved westward to the Great Plains and the introduction of the horse profoundly affected the Native Indian way of life

1801: The Sioux suffered a terrible attack of smallpox, and many of them died

1854: The Grattan Affair (1854 - 1855). Grattan Massacre on 19 August 1854

1854: The Sioux Wars (1854 - 1890) in South Dakota, Minnesota and Wyoming were led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in a fight to keep their homelands

1862: Minnesota Sioux Uprising - Sioux Indian war in Minnesota and Dakota. The Sioux killed upwards of 1,000 settlers in Minnesota then fled to Dakota territory pursued by 5000 US Cavalry soldiers

1865: Battle of Platte Bridge on July 26, 1865

1866: The Bozeman Trail and the Connor Expedition

1866: Red Cloud's War (1866-1868). Fort Phil Kearny Besieged and the Fetterman Fight

1867: The Hayfield Fight on August 1, 1867

1867: The Wagon Box Fight, 2 August 2,1867

1868: The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, the US army agreed to abandon the posts along the Bozeman Trail

1874: Buffalo are wantonly slaughtered all over the Great Plains depriving the Native Indians of their means to live leading to the Buffalo War

1875: Gold discovered in the Black Hills of Dakota

1876: The Great Sioux War of 1876 - 1877 . General Philip Sheridan's Campaign

1876: Battle of Powder River on March 17, 1876

1876: The Battle of the Rosebud on June 17, 1876

1876: The Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25 1876 against George Custer and the 7th Cavalry

1876: The Sioux Dispersal, July - September 1876

1876 The Battles of Cedar Creek and Dull Knife, October - November 1876

1876: The Fort Peck Expedition, November - December 1876

1890: The Ghost Dance Turmoil

1890: Chief Sitting Bull was killed by Indian police at the Standing Rock reservation on December 15, 1890

1890 The Battle of Wounded Knee, 29 December 1890

Sioux History Timeline
Sioux History: What happened to the Sioux tribe?
The 1887 Dawes General Allotment Act led to the break up of the large Indian Reservations and the sale of Indian lands, including Sioux lands to white settlers. The last major conflict fought by the Sioux was the 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee which resulted in the massacre of more than 200 members of the tribe. The U.S. imposed forced settlement of the Sioux on a reservation. The Sioux people were required to settle on eleven reservations - nine of which are in South Dakota that today make up the Great Sioux Nation.

The Story of Sioux
For additional facts and information refer to the legend and the Story of the Sioux War, the Story of Sitting Bull and the Story of Red Cloud.

Sioux

Interesting Facts and information about the way the people lived

The clothes worn by men and women

Description of the homes and the type of food the Sioux would eat

Fast Facts and info about the Sioux

Names of famous chiefs and leaders

Interesting Homework resource for kids on the history of the Sioux Native American Indians

Pictures and Videos of Native American Indians and their Tribes
The Sioux Tribe was one of the most famous tribes of the Great Plains Native American Indians. Discover the vast selection of pictures on the subject of the tribes of Famous Native Americans such as the Sioux nation. The pictures show the clothing, war paint, weapons and decorations of various Native Indian tribes, such as the Sioux tribe, that can be used as a really useful educational resource for kids and children of all ages. We hope you enjoy watching the video - just click and play - a great social studies homework resource for kids .

Sioux Tribe - Kids - Cool, Fun Facts - Clothes - Clothing - Dresses - Headdresses - Homes - Sioux Clothes - Lifestyle - Food - Weapons - Lives - History - Religion - Beliefs - Weapons - Legends - Food - Location - History - Legends - Kids - Info - Information - Famous - Kids - Children - Warriors - Chiefs - Teaching resource - Social Studies - Lifestyle - Culture - Teachers - Facts - Blackfoot - Kids - Interesting Facts - Info - Information - Pictures - Reference - Sioux - Guide - Studies - Homework - Sioux Tribe Facts

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Tsimshian Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts about the Tsimshian tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons and culture of the Tsimshian. Interesting facts about the Tsimshian nation of the Northwest Pacific.

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Yup'ik And Cup'ik | Cultures of Alaska | Education & Programs | Alaska Native

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The southwest Alaska Natives are named after the two main dialects of the Yup'ik language, known as Yup'ik and Cup'ik. The estimated population, at the time of contact, was: Nunivak 500, Yukon-Kuskokwim 13,000 and Bristol Bay 3,000. The Yup'ik and Cup'ik still depend upon subsistence fishing, hunting and gathering for food.

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Cree Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts about the Cree tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons, chiefs and culture of the Cree. Interesting facts about the Cree nation of the Great Plains.

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Native American Indian Tribes

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Facts about the Pawnee Native Indian Tribe
This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Pawnee Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Pawnee tribe live, what clothes did they wear, what did they eat and who were the names of their most famous leaders? Discover what happened to the Pawnee tribe with facts about their conflicts, lifestyle and history.

What was the lifestyle and culture of the Pawnee tribe?
The Pawnee tribe were a fierce people who intimidate their enemies by their liberal use of war paint and tattoos. In Pawnee mythology the Creator god, Tirawa who was associated with the sun, was believed to have taught the Pawnee people the art of tattooing. The Pawnee tribe were semi-nomadic hunters and farmers and particularly noted for their interest in astronomy. Unlike most of the Native Indians of the Great Plains, they lived in earth lodges and farmed for most of the year. However, they adopted the lifestyle of hunters during the time of the buffalo hunt, when their lifestyle became nomadic and they lived in tepees. In 1803, their principal village was on the south side of the Platte where they cultivated their lands and raised crops of corn, beans, squashes, sunflowers and pumpkins. The system of using sign language was developed to facilitate communication between all of the different tribes who inhabited the Great Plains and the Pawnee tribe were described as "the wolves."

What were the rituals and ceremonies of the Pawnee tribe?
The rituals and ceremonies of the Pawnee tribe and many other Plains Native Indians, included the Sweat Lodge ceremony, the Vision Quest and the Sun Dance Ceremony. The sacred, ceremonial pipe (called a Calumet), was ritually filled with tobacco was passed among participants at all sacred ceremonies of the Pawnee. The Pawnee tribe, unlike any other Great Plains tribes, also had a ceremony in which human beings were sacrificed.

The Pawnee tribe - Human Sacrifice
The Pawnee tribe, unlike any other Plains tribes, practised human sacrifice. A single captive was selected for human sacrifice to their creator god Tirawa and to the morning star. When captives of war were taken, all but one were adopted into the Pawnee tribe. This single captive was selected for human sacrifice to the morning star and their creator god Tirawa that he might give good crops to the Pawnee people. The captive was selected for his strength and beauty, kept by himself, fed on the best food and treated well.

The Pawnee tribe - Human Sacrifice Ritual
The Pawnee tribe danced and feasted for four days prior to the sacrifice. On the day of the sacrifice the captive was tied to a wooden framework on poles. A fire was built below, and the Pawnee warrior who had captured the victim shot him with an arrow. The body was then shot full of arrows by the rest of the tribe. The arrows were then removed, and the dead man's breast was opened and blood removed. All that were present during the ceremony touched the body, after which it was consumed by the fire as the people prayed to Tirawa, and put their hands in the smoke of the fire praying for success in war, good health and good crops. In 1816, Man Chief, a famous Pawnee war leader, clashed with the priests who brought to an end the practice of sacrificing a young maiden to the Morning Star. The morning star is actually the planet Venus as seen in the eastern sky around dawn. The meaning of the Morning Star related to the past spirits and ancestors who were represented as stars.

The Pawnee Star Charts: 1833 the 'Year the stars fell'
The Pawnee tribe believed that the stars signaled times to plant crops and revealed the timing of sacred ceremonies - refer to Star Chart & Astrology . They developed their mapping tradition by creating sky charts that were used in rituals and to teach about the constellations. The Sky chart also told the story of the creation of the universe and of the Pawnee people. All Native American Indian tribes believed that comets and meteorite showers were bad omens that foretold great disasters for their tribes. The Pawnee shamans depicted a famous event that occurred took place on the morning of November 13, 1833, which is now called the Leonid meteor shower. This amazing meteoric display was witnessed throughout North America and was referred to as the 'Year the stars fell'. On October 9, 1833 the tribe had signed the treaty at Grand Pawnee Village ceding "all land lying south of the Platte River"

Where did the Pawnee tribe live?
The Pawnee are people of the Great Plains Native American cultural group. The location of their tribal homelands are shown on the map. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Pawnee tribe.

The American Great Plains region mainly extended across states of Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota

Tribal Territories: North Dakota and South Dakota

Land: Grass covered prairies with some streams and rivers

Climate: Hot summers and cold winters

Animals: The animals included the Bison (Buffalo), deer, elk, bear, porcupine, antelope, prairie dogs, eagles and wolves

Crops: The crops grown in the area were corn, beans, sunflower seeds, pumpkins and squash

Fish: Various fish including sturgeon, crayfish and mussels

Pawnee Earth Lodge

What did the Pawnee tribe live in?
The Pawnee tribe lived in Earthen houses, also called earth lodges, which was a type of permanent home for Native Indians who lived in harsh climates without large forests. The Pawnee also used Tepees as a form of temporary shelter when they went on buffalo hunts.

The Pawnee Earth Lodges
Pawnee Earth lodges were formed by erecting several stout posts in a circle, forked at the top, into which cross beams were laid. Long poles were laid against the cross poles and inclined from the outside toward the centre. The structure all was then covered with brush and reeds then finally with earth. A hole was left at the apex for the escape of smoke, and there was a long tunnel-like entrance at the base..

The lodges in villages were arranged in a pattern that reflected specific star groupings

The entrance to the lodges faced east to the rising sun

The far east and west points of the villages had shrines to the morning star and the evening star

Chowee or Grand Pawnees

Kitkehahki or Republican Pawnees

Pitahawirata or Tapage Pawnees

Skidi Pawnees (Mahas, or Loups) or the "Wolf" people

Pawnee History Timeline

1250: The Pawnee tribe migrate from the Ohio Valley to the Great Plains region

1541: The Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado made first white contact with the tribe

1720: Spanish send military expedition over trade disputes trade and are destroyed by the Pawnee

1746: Major conflict with Comanche and the Osage tribes

1770: Southern Pawnees migrated north near the Northern Pawnee (Skidi) Platte River, Loup River, and the Republican Fork of the Kansas River (Nebraska). The Pawnee continued their farming lifestyle living in fortified villages of earth lodges but extend their lifestyle to include hunting

1790: The Comanche defeat the Pawnees after 3 years of conflicts

1806: A grand council was held September 28, 1806 between Zebulon Pike and James Wilkinson and various chiefs of the Kansa, Pawnee and Osage Nations

1816: The practice of human sacrifice is banned

1818: Treaties with the US were signed in June 1818 by all the Pawnee bands

1825: Treaty at Fort Atkinson and the regulation of trade

1833: Treaty at Grand Pawnee Village on October 9, 1833 ceded "all land lying south of the Platte River: annuity: $4,600 in goods"

1833: The Leonid meteor shower fell on November 13, 1833 - the 'Year the stars fell'

1834: The First Dragoon Expedition (also called the Dodge-Leavenworth Expedition or Pawnee expedition)

1837-56: Council Bluffs Agency established

1837: Smallpox epidemic strikes the Pawnee villages

1848: Treaty at Fort Childs, Nebraska ceded 60 mile strip on the Platte River and Grand Island

1849: Cholera and smallpox epidemics led to the extermination of many Pawnees and the destruction of their villages

1859 Judge James Lisle Gillis was appointed special agent for the Pawnees establishing a reservation in Genoa, Nance County, Nebraska

1859-80: Pawnee Agency (Nebraska)
1861-1865: The Pawnee held positions as scouts in the U. S. Army during the Civil War. A battalion of Pawnee being in active service from 1865 to 1885

1873: Massacre Canyon. On August 5, 1873 a Sioux war party ambushed a Pawnee hunting party killing 150

1873: The Pawnee Dispersal (1873 - 1878). The Pawnees removed from homeland along the Platte River in Nebraska to a reservation in Indian Territory near the Cimarron River (Pawnee County, Oklahoma)

1876: Buffalo are wantonly slaughtered all over the Great Plains depriving the Native Indians of their means to live

1876: The largest village on the Loupe Fork of the Platte River was completely destroyed during the Pawnee tribe dispersal

Pawnee History Timeline

Interesting Facts and information about the way the people lived

The clothes worn by men and women

Description of the homes and the type of food the Pawnee would eat

Fast Facts and info about the Pawnee

Names of famous chiefs and leaders

Interesting Homework resource for kids on the history of the Pawnee Native American Indians

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Comanche Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts bout the Comanche tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons, chiefs and culture of the Comanche. Interesting facts about the Comanche nation of the Great Plains.

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Blackfoot Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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History >>Native Americans for Kids

Who were the Iroquois?

The Iroquois were a League or Confederacy of Native American nations in the Northeastern part of America. Originally they were formed by five nations: the Cayuga, Onondaga, Mohawk, Seneca, and Oneida. Later, in the 1700s, the Tuscarora joined.

Iroquois 6 Nations Map by R. A. Nonenmacher

The French named them the Iroquois, but they called themselves the Haudenosaunee which means People of the Longhouse. The British called them the Five Nations.

How was the Iroquois League governed?

The Iroquois had a type of representative government. Each nation in the Iroquois League had its own elected officials called chiefs. These chiefs would attend the Iroquois council where major decisions were made regarding the Five Nations. Each nation also had its own leaders to make local decisions.

What type of homes did they live in?

The Iroquois lived in longhouses. These were long rectangular buildings made with wood frames and covered with bark. They were sometimes over 100 feet long. They didn't have any windows, just a door at each end and holes in the roof to let smoke from cooking fires out. Many families would live in a single long house. Each family would have its own compartment that could be separated from the others for privacy using a partition made of bark or animal skin.

Iroquois Longhouse by Wilbur F. Gordy

Longhouses were part of a larger village. A village would have several longhouses which would often be surrounded by a fence called a palisade. Outside of the palisade would be the fields where the Iroquois would farm crops.

What did the Iroquois eat?

The Iroquois ate a variety of foods. They grew crops such as corn, beans, and squash. These three main crops were called the "Three Sisters" and were usually grown together. Women generally farmed the fields and cooked the meals. They had a number of ways to prepare corn and the other vegetables they grew.

The men hunted wild game including deer, rabbit, turkey, bear, and beaver. Some meat was eaten fresh and some was dried and stored for later. Hunting animals was not only important for meat, but for other parts of the animal as well. The Iroquois used the skin for making clothing and blankets, the bones for tools, and the tendons for sewing.

What did they wear?

Iroquois clothing was made from tanned deerskin. The men wore leggings and long breechcloths while the women wore long skirts. Both men and women wore deerskin shirts or blouses and soft shoes made of leather called moccasins.

Did they have Mohawk hair styles?

Although the Mohawk hairstyle gets its name from the Mohawk Nation, Mohawk warriors actually wore a different hairstyle. They typically had a square of hair on the back crown of their head with three short braids of hair. Girls would wear two braids in their hair until they got married, then they would have a single braid.

Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy by Himasaram

Interesting Facts about the Iroquois

Even though longhouses were more permanent structures, the village would move every 10 years or so to find fresh land and hunting grounds.

Up to 60 people would live in a single longhouse.

As long as there was food, no one ever went hungry in a village as food was freely shared.

There was a trail that connected the Five Nations called the Iroquois Trail.

The Iroquois Great Council still meets today.

The women had a large role in social government and even chose the representatives that went to meet at the Great Council.

Lacrosse was first played and invented by the Iroquois Indians. They have several different names for the game including Teh hon tsi kwaks eks, Guh jee gwah ai, and Ga lahs.

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Native American History for Kids: Iroquois Tribe

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Kids learn about Native American Indian tribe the Iroquois from the Northeast of the United States.

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Pequot Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***

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Check out this site for interesting facts about the Pequot tribe. Food, clothing, homes, weapons and culture of the Pequot people. Interesting facts about the Pequot nation of the Northeast woodland group.

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Native American Indian Tribes

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Facts about the Wampanoag Native Indian Tribe
This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Wampanoag Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Wampanoag tribe live, what clothes did they wear and what food did they eat? Discover what happened to the Wampanoag tribe with facts about their wars and history.

What language did the Wampanoag tribe speak?
The Wampanoag tribe spoke in spoke in several related dialects of the Algonquian language family. The meaning of the name 'Wampanoag' is ""People of the First Light" or "Eastern people", in respect of the location of their homelands. The Wampanoag were also known as the Wapenock, Massasoit and "Philip's Indians".

What was the lifestyle and culture of the Wampanoag tribe?
The Wampanoag were originally a great confederacy of tribes and groups including the Pokanoket and the Mashpee. In the 1500's there were many thousands of Wampanoag people but their numbers were literally decimated by epidemics of devastating diseases such as measles and smallpox brought by the newcomers - the explorers and traders. Some Wampanoag people were even taken a slaves by the traders. Despite the apprehension felt by the Wampanoag towards the newcomers the Pokanoket tribe of the Wampanoag people, led by Chief Massasoit, were responsible for saving the Mayflower Pilgrims from starvation and death during the terrible winter of 1620 - 1621. The Pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony led by Myles Standish, William Brewster, William Bradford and William Bradford pledged peace with Pokanoket. One of the Indians, Tisquantum aka Squanto, was able to speak English. The Wampanoag people taught them farming techniques and helped them to survive in the colony. In November 1621 the Pokanoket tribe of the Wampanoag Nation celebrated the "First Thanksgiving" with the Pilgrims. The peace was short lived due to the death of two Wampanoag chiefs during an altercation with Captain Myles Standish and the Native Indians further contact with the colonists. Deteriorating relations resulted in the Metacom (King Philip) Pequot War (1634-1638). Praying towns were developed by the Puritans of New England from 1646 to 1675 in an effort to convert the local Native American tribes to Christianity. In 1675, King Philip's War erupted led by Chief due to the continuous encroachment of white settlers Wampanoag homelands. The Wampanoag were nearly exterminated, only 400 survived the war.

Where did the Wampanoag tribe live?
The Wampanoag are people of the Northeast Woodland Native American cultural group. The location of their tribal homelands are shown on the map. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Wampanoag tribe.

The Northeast Woodland region extended mainly across the New England States, lower Canada, west to Minnesota, and north of the Ohio River

Land: Lush woodlands, rivers, ocean

Climate: The climate varied according to the location of the tribe

Land Animals: The animals included squirrel, white-tailed deer, raccoon, bears, beavers, moose, and caribou

Fish and Sea Mammals: Whales, Seal, Fish and shell fish

Crops: The crops grown in the area were corn (maize), pumpkin, squash, beans and tobacco

Trees: Poplar, birch, elm, maple, oak, pine, fir trees and spruce

What did the Wampanoag tribe live in?
The Wampanoag tribe lived in temporary shelters during the summer known as Wigwams, aka wetus or wikkums, which are also known as birchbark houses. The word ' Longhouses Wetu' means "house" in the Wampanoag language. Some of the winter Wampanoag villages were fortified and consisted of long, multi-family residences, called .

Wampanoag Wigwam or Wetu Wigwam , or wetuash (plural of wetu) are temporary shelters. They are small cone-shaped houses with an arched roof made of wooden frames from saplings (young trees) that are covered with sheets of birchbark. Wide sheets of bark from large, older trees covered the frames of the wetus, which were held in place by ropes or strips of wood. These summer wigwams were covered with woven mats using cattails, tall, stiff plants, growing almost ten feet tall.

Wampanoag tribe - Longhouses
Many Wampanoag lived in oval-shaped longhouses during the winter. The main difference between the wetu and the longhouse was that the longhouse was a permanent structure, much larger elongated shape. Mats for these winter homes were woven from bulrushes. A longer process than using cattails, but with a hardy result. The mats were used for both the outside and interior of the Wampanoag longhouse and frequently painted black and red. The longhouse villages were surrounded by fencing (palisades) and reinforced with mud. Longhouses were built up to 200 feet long, 20 feet wide and 20 feet high. The longhouses had smoke holes in the roof to allow air and light in and smoke to escape. The smoke hole had a birchbark cover to keep out the rain. The position of the cover could be moved as the direction of the wind changed.

Longhouse Village

What clothes did the Wampanoag wear?
The majority of clothes worn by the Wampanoag were made from animal skins or birchbark before Europeans came. These included long breechclouts, leggings, long cloaks and shoulder to waist length mantles. These were made from the skins and fur of deer (buckskin) raccoon, beaver, otter and moose. Wampanoag Women wore wraparound skirts, tunics and cloaks. Moccasins were made of one piece of moose skin with a long tongue and a high collar that could be left up or folded down. The moccasins were greased on the outside for additional waterproofing. Belts were woven from dogbane and other plant fibers that were colored with vegetable dyes. The picture is of Metacom (King Philip) who wears clothes made from trade cloth. His headdress consists of a woven headband and topped with four feathers, a sign of his special status.

Wampanoag History Timeline

1500's: European explorers and traders make contact with the Wampanoag

1600's: Epidemics of smallpox, typhus and measles greatly diminish the numbers of Wampanoag

1606: The colonisation of New England began

1600's: Epidemics of smallpox, typhus and measles together with inter-tribal warfare diminish the numbers of Pennacook

1620: The Great Migration of English colonists begins

1620: The Mayflower ship and the Pilgrims landed in the New World in November 1620

1620: The Plymouth colonists locate present day Plymouth Bay on December 6, 1620

1621: March 16, 1621: The first formal contact with Pokanoket, Wampanoag Native American Indians led by Chief Massasoit, King Philip

1620: In July 1621 the Pokanoket tribe of the Wampanoag felt sympathy for the people in the Plymouth Colony and teach them farming techniques and help the colonists to survive

1621: In November 1621 the "First Thanksgiving" is celebrated by the Pilgrims and the Pokanoket tribe of the Wampanoag Nation

1634: Deteriorating relations between the colonists and Native Indians results in the Pequot War (1634-1638)

1646: 'Praying towns' were developed by the Puritans of New England (1646 - 1675) in an effort to convert Native Indian tribes to Christianity.

1675: King Philip's War erupts led by Chief Metacom (King Philip) due to the continuous encroachment of white settlers. The Wampanoag are nearly exterminated, only 400 survived the war

1676: Some survivors of King Philip's War are sent to Deer Island and others sold as slaves in the West Indies

1972: The "Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc." was formed

1987: The 1987 Settlement Act in which trust lands are located in the southwest portion of Martha's Vineyard Island in the town of Gay Head

Wampanoag History Timeline

Interesting Facts and information about the way the Wampanoag people lived

The clothes worn by men and women

Description of the homes and the type of food the Wampanoag would eat

Fast Facts and info about the Wampanoag

Names of famous chiefs and leaders

Interesting Homework resource for kids on the history of the Wampanoag Native American Indians

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Native American Indian Tribes Site Index Facts about the Wampanoag Native Indian Tribe This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Wampanoag Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Wampanoag tribe live, what clothes did they wear and what food did they eat?